Лос-Анджелес қаласының Уэстчестер ауданы: тарихы мен географиясы

Westchester is a neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles and the South Bay Region of Los Angeles County, California. It is home to Los Angeles International Airport, Loyola Marymount University, Otis College of Art and Design, and Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools (formerly Westchester High School).

The main part of Westchester is bordered by Playa Vista and Culver City on the north, Inglewood and Lennox on the east, Hawthorne on the southeast, Del Aire and El Segundo on the south and Playa del Rey on the west. It includes all of the Los Angeles International Airport. There is also a two block wide shoestring district that runs from the intersection of Centinela Avenue and La Cienega Boulevard north to 63rd Street and then east to Overhill Avenue, where it links with the Hyde Park neighborhood. The main neighborhood's boundary lines are, generally, on the east: north south on La Cienega Boulevard or the Inglewood city line; on the south: east west on the city boundary with El Segundo or Imperial Highway; on the west: north south on Pershing Drive and Westchester Parkway, then roughly north south on a series of residential streets west of Westchester High School to the Playa Vista neighborhood.

Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as the Los Angeles Airport was then known), the move of then Loyola University to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester was built with the intention of housing members of the working class. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the eventing equestrian event for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. In the late 1930s, real estate magnate Fritz Burns and his partner Fred W. Marlow developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single family homes on the site of a former hog farm at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew as the aerospace industry boomed in World War II and afterward. The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a program of purchasing and condemning houses from noise weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets demolished. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents. The 18 hole Westchester golf course became a 15 hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposed another move of the north runway into Westchester; local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose. In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the north runway was safe and should stay as it is. That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal. Home prices rose 25 percent in 2013–14 while most southern California communities were recovering much more slowly. A major factor has been the influx of technology companies (including Hulu, Google, and Snap, Inc.) in Playa Vista as the Silicon Beach phenomenon in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar ranch style houses into larger two story homes. The Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the San Diego Freeway. Development continued until by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of office space in high rise buildings, 3,200 apartments, and an updated, renovated shopping mall. Since 2013, The cost of living in Westchester has continued to increase. In April 2017, the median sales price for single family homes in April was $1.21 million a 27% increase from a year prior.

A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchester's 10.81 square miles, according to the 2010 U. S. census, and that figure included the uninhabited acreage of the Los Angeles International Airport—resulting in a density of 3,652 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities in the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. The median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the county's highest. In 2010, the mean family income for the area was $135,026 and the median family income was $106,302, both numbers high for the city. The percentage of families that earned more than $100,000 a year was 53.5%. Los Angeles Police Department operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood. Los Angeles Public Library operates the Westchester Loyola Village Library, at 7114 W. Manchester Avenue, 90045, as a community library offering free online access, programming and information for all ages. Los Angeles World Airports has its headquarters on the property of Los Angeles International Airport. The Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation operates the West Los Angeles District Refuse Collection Yard, at 2027 Stoner Avenue, 90025, which provides residential refuse collection to Westchester for all residences four units and under.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester. The United States Postal Service Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard. The United States Postal Service Airport Station is located at 8821 Aviation Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009 9997.

About 51.7% of Westchester's residents had completed a bachelor's degree or higher by 2010, a high figure when compared with the city and the county at large. The percentage of the residents who held a master's degree or a doctorate was also high for the county.

The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts. The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool renovated in 2010. The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts. A skate park is also located in the recreation center. The Westchester Golf Course is located just east of the recreation center. The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200 person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20 person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage. The Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991, Los Angeles World Airports planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.

Pann's restaurant, at 6710 La Tijera Boulevard, is "probably the best preserved example" of the Googie style architecture developed by Eldon Davis. Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture". Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture", which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008. The Theme Building is a structure at the Los Angeles International Airport which opened in 1961 and is another example of Googie architecture. It was said that the distinctive white building resembles a flying saucer that had landed on its four legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument (no.570) in 1993.