Марипоса қаласы: географиясы, халқы және тарихы

Mariposa (,/m//ær//ɪ/'/p//oʊ//z//ə//, // //s//ə//audio=En us mariposa. ogg/; Spanish for "Butterfly") is an unincorporated community and census designated place (CDP) in and the county seat of Mariposa County, California, United States. The population was 1,526 at the 2020 census. at 1949 feet (594 m) in elevation. It lies in the rugged foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Mariposa Creek flows through the town. Soils in the urban area are mostly brown to reddish brown loam of the Blasingame series. A gravelly loam is mapped as the Boomer series. These soils support thick grassland plus trees such as blue oak, black oak, gray pine, and ponderosa pine. To the west northwest of town is a large area of sparse vegetation and rockland on which is found serpentine soil of the Henneke series. California State Routes 49 and 140 cross in Mariposa, merging for 0.8 mile (1 km) as the town's main street. Highway 49 leads southeast 27 mile (43 km) to end at Oakhurst and northwest the same distance to Coulterville. Highway 140 leads southwest 36 mile (58 km) to Merced in the San Joaquin Valley and northeast 42 mile (68 km) to Yosemite Valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.04 square miles (10 km2), all but 0.07% of it land.

The town was founded as a mining camp on the banks of a seasonal stream known as Agua Fría. This original town site was located about 6.0 mile (10 km) to the west of present day Mariposa. Spencer has never been acknowledged as having named Half Dome, a prominent feature in Yosemite Valley. These educated gentlemen and adventurers eventually sold "Spencers Mill" to a French and English conglomerate for a tidy sum. All is quiet now on Spencers mill, but much evidence of a series of mills and the arrastras remain. On July 18, 2017, a fast moving wildfire, the "Detwiler Fire", forced the evacuation of the entire town.

At the 2010 census Mariposa had a population of 2,173. The population density was The racial makeup of Mariposa was 1,895 (87.2%) White, 10 (0.5%) African American, 105 (4.8%) Native American, 30 (1.4%) Asian, 0 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 59 (2.7%) from other races, and 74 (3.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 215 people (9.9%). The census reported that 2,098 people (96.5% of the population) lived in households, 12 (0.6%) lived in non institutionalized group quarters, and 63 (2.9%) were institutionalized. There were 1,013 households, 237 (23.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 365 (36.0%) were opposite sex married couples living together, 140 (13.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 40 (3.9%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 60 (5.9%) unmarried opposite sex partnerships, and 2 (0.2%) same sex married couples or partnerships. 413 households (40.8%) were one person and 235 (23.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.07. There were 545 families (53.8% of households); the average family size was 2.77. The age distribution was 434 people (20.0%) under the age of 18, 130 people (6.0%) aged 18 to 24, 389 people (17.9%) aged 25 to 44, 631 people (29.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 589 people (27.1%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 49.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.4 males. There were 1,143 housing units at an average density of 88.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 529 (52.2%) were owner occupied and 484 (47.8%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.8%. 1,082 people (49.8% of the population) lived in owner occupied housing units and 1,016 people (46.8%) lived in rental housing units.

At the 2000 census there were 1,373 people, 676 households, and 327 families in the CDP. The population density was There were 754 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the CDP was 86.8% White, 0.6% African American, 6.3% Native American, 0.9% Asian, 1.8% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.8%. Of the 676 households 21.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31.4% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.5% were non families. 47.6% of households were one person and 27.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 1.94 and the average family size was 2.77. The age distribution was 20.6% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 27.0% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 80.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.7 males. The median household income was $18,144 and the median family income was $27,344. Males had a median income of $26,771 versus $26,635 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $22,436. About 28.0% of families and 24.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.5% of those under age 18 and 5.5% of those age 65 or over.

In the California State Legislature, Mariposa is in , and in The County is administered by its elected five member County Board of Supervisors. In the United States House of Representatives, Mariposa is in .

The policing agency for the county is the Mariposa County Sheriff and staff. Fire protection and emergency medical aid is provided by the Mariposa County Fire Department.