Гумла ауданы: әкімшілік бөлініс, географиясы және әлеуметтік-экономикалық жағдайы

Gumla block is a CD block that forms an administrative division in the Gumla subdivision of Gumla district, in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Gumla became a subdivision of Ranchi district in 1902 and it became a separate district in 1983. Simdega district was carved out of Gumla district in 2011. Subsequently, Gumla district was divided into three subdivisions – Gumla Sadar subdivision (with Gumla, Ghaghra, Bharno, Bishunpur, Raidih and Sisai blocks), Basia subdivision (with Palkot, Basia and Kamdara blocks), and Chainpur subdivision (with Chainpur, Albert Ekka (Jari) and Dumri blocks).

The Maoist insurgency started spreading around the mid 1990s and poses a big challenge to peace and development of the district. It “is involved in abduction, extortion, extortion killings.” The banned organisation is active largely in the eastern part of the district mainly in Kamadara, Basia, Palkot, Gumla, Raidih, Sisai and Bharno police stations. In order to counter the activities of the insurgents, arms, ammunition and security equipment have been provided in every police station. It includes bullet proof and landmine proof vehicles.

In the southern portion of Gumla district, there are flat topped hills called pat, with an elevation ranging from 2,500 feet to 3,000 feet. The pat region is spread across Bishunpur, Chainpur and Ghaghra CD blocks. The highest areas are Netarhat pat (3,356 ft), Lamiti pat (3,777 ft) and Galgat pat (3,823 ft). The rest of the district occupies a part of the Ranchi Plateau with an average elevation of 2,300 feet. Three major rivers flowing through Gumla district are North Koel River, South Koel River and Sankh River. Gumla CD block is bounded by Ghaghra and Sisai CD blocks on the north, Basia CD block on the east, Palkot and Raidih CD blocks on the south, and Chainpur CD block on the west. Gumla CD block has an area of 528.77 km2. Gumla police station serves Gumla CD block. The headquarters of Gumla CD block is located at Gumla town.

80% and over of the population of Gumla district were in the BPL category in 2004–2005. In 2011–12, the proportion of BPL population in Gumla district came down to 36.75%. According to a study in 2013 (modified in 2019), "the incidence of poverty in Jharkhand is estimated at 46%, but 60% of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are still below poverty line."

In Gumla CD block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 44,133 and formed 52.40%, agricultural labourers numbered 15,440 and formed 18.33%, household industry workers numbered 2,715 and formed 3.22% and other workers numbered 21,943 and formed 26.05%. Total workers numbered 84,231 and formed 60.57% of the total population, and non workers numbered 129,389 and formed 49.32% of the population.

There are 107 inhabited villages in Gumla CD block. In 2011, 43 villages had power supply. 5 villages had tap water (treated/ untreated), 107 villages had well water (covered/ uncovered), 107 villages had hand pumps, and all villages have drinking water facility. 12 villages had post offices, 19 villages had sub post offices, 9 villages had telephones (land lines), 71 villages had mobile phone coverage. 107 villages had pucca (paved) village roads, 38 villages had bus service (public/ private), 39 villages had autos/ modified autos, 13 villages had taxi/ vans, 32 villages had tractors. 5 villages had bank branches, 3 villages had agricultural credit societies, 52 villages had public distribution system.

In Gumla district, only three CD blocks, namely Sisai, Bharno and Kamdara, have plain lands. Rest of the district is mostly undulating in nature. Forests cover around 27% of the total area. About 35% of the total geographical area of the district is under cultivation. Out of 3.296 lakh hectare cultivable lands, only 22,056 hectare of land is under assured irrigation coverage. “The main economy of the village depends upon agriculture, forest produce, cattle development, and other labour activities ” About 70% farmers belong to the small and marginal category and have small plots scattered all around. Percentages of landless farmers are negligible.

Gumla district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the Backward Regions Grant Fund. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 21 districts of Jharkhand.

Gumla CD block had 29 villages with pre primary schools, 101 villages with primary schools, 58 villages with middle schools, 15 villages with secondary schools, 1 village with senior secondary school, 6 villages had no educational facility. . *Senior secondary schools are also known as Inter colleges in Jharkhand

Gumla CD block had 5 villages with primary health centres, 31 villages with primary health subcentres, 5 villages with maternity and child welfare centres, 3 villages with dispensaries, 2 villages with veterinary hospitals, 2 villages with family welfare centres, 1 village with medicine shop. . *Private medical practitioners, alternative medicine etc. not included