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Part of the West Jefferson Hills School District, Jefferson Hills was created as Jefferson Township. Incorporated on January 22, 1828, it was named after Thomas Jefferson. Before 1998, the borough was known as simply Jefferson.

This borough's history dates back to January 22, 1828, when it was created as a township from the old Township of Mifflin. At that time, the community was named Jefferson Township in honor of President Thomas Jefferson. In 1845, Snowden Township was formed from a part of Jefferson Township. Population of the township in 1860 was 1,601 persons, in 1870 it was 2,066 persons, and it reached a total population of 3,227 persons in 1880 (about equal to the population of 1930). Jefferson Township became a first class township in 1914, and in 1950 Jefferson was chartered as a borough. The borough of Pleasant Hills seceded from Jefferson Township in 1947 and by so doing, drastically reduced the population and urbanized area of the township. Jefferson Hills is located along the southern border of Allegheny County and is primarily residential in nature, with approximately one third of its area presently being used for residential purposes. The residential use is primarily single family dwellings with slightly over one percent being multiple family units. Another third of the borough exists in the form of open space and or vacant ground, with the balance being made up of industrial, commercial, mining, and farming land uses. Present development has occurred almost exclusively in the flat upland areas. These developments are scattered and separated by large open tracts and or hills and valleys. The area was the geographic base of the Peters Creek Rangers during the Revolutionary War.

Jefferson Hills is at (40.285502, −79.933160). The United States Census Bureau says the borough is 16.6 square miles (43 km2), of which 0.04 square miles (0 km2), or 0.24%, is water. The major portion of Jefferson Hills drains into two watersheds, the Peters Creek watershed, which ultimately drains into the Monongahela River at Clairton, and the Calamity Hollow and West Elizabeth watershed, which drains to the Monongahela River in the vicinity of West Elizabeth. The borough includes rolling hills and woods. The southeastern border is the Monongahela River. Three streams flow through the borough: Peters Creek, Beam Run, and Lewis Run.

Jefferson Hills has six land borders with Pleasant Hills and West Mifflin to the north, Clairton to the east, West Elizabeth to the southeast, Union Township in Washington County to the south, and South Park Township to the west. Across the Monongahela River, Jefferson Hills runs adjacent with Elizabeth Township, Elizabeth Borough and Forward Township.

The municipality operates five parks including Gill Hall Park, Andrew Reilly Memorial Park, Lobb's Park, Beedle Park, and Tepe Park spread throughout the community. These parks offer a variety of amenities from various sports fields, tennis and basketball courts, and playground equipment. Additionally, the borough has several pavilions and the Gill Hall Community Center available to rent to borough residents. The Great Allegheny Passage is a system of biking and hiking trails spanning 150 mile (241 km). These trails run from Cumberland, Maryland, to Pittsburgh. The trail is made of crushed limestone, making it ideal for biking, walking, and cross country skiing in the winter. The Steel Valley Trail runs 14 mile (23 km) from Clairton through McKeesport to West Homestead. The Mckessport West Homestead section is part of the GAP trail which connects Washington, D. C., to Pittsburgh solely on bike trails. At the Clairton Trailhead it connects to the Montour Trail which is a 40 mile (64 km) loop south of Pittsburgh.

Jefferson Hills is a borough, run by an elected seven member council and mayor. The administrative staff run by the borough manager runs the borough to the objectives set by the council. Jefferson Hills is represented by John Fetterman and Bob Casey Jr. in the United States Senate and Summer Lee of the 12th District of Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives. The borough's representative in the Pennsylvania State Senate is Devlin Robinson of the 37th District and Andrew Kuzma of the 39th Legislative District in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. The District Court judge for Jefferson Hills is Michael Thatcher.

+ Presidential election results Year Republican Democratic Third parties202058% 4,34440% 2,9810.8% 64201661% 3,73737% 2,2642% 173201259% 3,27240% 2,2291% 49

As with all communities in the Pittsburgh area, Jefferson Hills receives the Pittsburgh Post Gazette. The borough has two local papers, the South Hills Record and the Union Finley Messenger. Jefferson Hills as a member of the Pittsburgh metro area is served by a variety of local television and radio stations. The major network television affiliates are KDKA TV 2 (CBS), WTAE TV 4 (ABC), WPXI 11 (NBC), WQED 13 (PBS), WPGH TV 53 (Fox), WPKD TV 19 (CW), WINP TV 16 (Ion), WPNT 22 (MyNetworkTV), and WPCB 40 (Cornerstone). WEPA CD 16 is an independent station owned and operated by the Bruno Goodworth Network. Other popular stations include KQV 1410 AM (news), WPGP 1250 AM (conservative talk), WKST FM 96.1 FM (pop and hip hop), WBZZ 100.7 FM (adult contemporary), WDVE 102.5 FM (album rock), WPGB 104.7 FM (talk), WXDX 105.9 FM (modern rock), and WAMO 106.7 (hip hop, rap). There are also three public radio stations in the area; including WESA 90.5 FM (National Public Radio affiliate operated by Duquesne University), WQED 89.3 FM (classical), and WYEP 91.3 FM (adult alternative). The Port Authority of Allegheny County offers bus services in and around Jefferson Hills. There are several buses that directly pass through the borough, including:
+Jefferson Hills bus routes Route number Route map Schedule Route description Y46 Elizabeth Route Map Schedule Daily radial route via South Busway and Pennsylvania Route 51. Y1 – Large Flyer Route Map Schedule Monday Friday peak direction express route via South Busway and Pennsylvania Route 51. 55 – Jefferson Route Map Schedule Daily feeder route with connections in West Mifflin and McKeesport. Jefferson Hills is located 45 minutes to the southeast of Pittsburgh International Airport, which handles most air travel in the Pittsburgh metro area. Additionally, the borough is a short drive away from the Allegheny County Airport, located in the neighboring South Hills community of West Mifflin. The Allegheny County Airport serves as the primary FAA designated reliever airport for Pittsburgh International Airport. In this role the airport supports a high volume of business and corporate related activity.

Electricity generation in Jefferson Hills is supplied by both West Penn Power and Duquesne Light. Natural gas service for the borough is supplied by Equitable Gas Company. Republic Services handles the trash removal and recycling for Jefferson Hills.

Jefferson Hills is home to AHN Jefferson Hospital, formerly Jefferson Regional Medical Center, a 373 bed hospital $30 million hospital that opened in the spring of 1977. It serves the South Hills region of Pittsburgh.

The Jefferson Hills police department is headquartered in the municipal center. It is staffed by eighteen officers and several community service personnel. The police take part in programs such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education in the West Jefferson Hills School District. The force belongs to TUPPER, in which police from nine nearby communities collaborate, sharing regional criminal information. It also takes part in the Pennsylvania Attorney General's Regional Narcotic Task Force and the South Hills DUI task force. The borough has emergency management and volunteer firefighters. There are two volunteer fire companies: Floreffe Volunteer Fire Company and Jefferson 885 Fire Company.