Техас штатындағы Беллэр қаласы

Enclave city in Texas, United States

Bellaire is a city in southwestern Harris County, Texas, United States, within the [[Greater Houston metropolitan area. As of the 2020 U. S. census, the city population was 17,202. It is surrounded by the cities of Houston and West University Place. Bellaire is known as the "City of Homes", owing to its mostly residential character; but it has offices along the I 610 Loop within the city limits.

Bellaire was founded in 1908 by William Wright Baldwin, who was the president of the South End Land Company. Baldwin, a native of Iowa, was well known as the vice president of the Burlington Railroad. Bellaire was founded on what was part of William Marsh Rice's ranch. Baldwin surveyed the eastern of the ranch into small truck farms. He named them "Westmoreland Farms". Baldwin started Bellaire in the middle of "Westmoreland Farms" to serve as a residential neighborhood and an agricultural trading center. South End Land Company advertised to farmers in the Midwestern United States. Baldwin stated that the town was named "Bellaire", or "Good Air" for its breezes. Bellaire may have been named after Bellaire, Ohio, a town served by one of Baldwin's rail lines. Bellaire's population had reached 1,124 in 1940. After 1940, Bellaire had a rapid population explosion in the post World War II building boom. On December 31, 1948, the city of Houston had annexed the land around the city of Bellaire, stopping the city of Bellaire's land growth. Bellaire remained independent of Houston, and adopted a home rule charter with a council manager government in April 1949. According to a Bellaire resident quoted in the Houston Post, prior to 1992, the tax base of the city of Bellaire had been decreasing. After neighbor West University Place eased restrictions on developers, new houses were constructed in West University Place, and the city gained a larger tax base. Bellaire decided to also liberalize its development restrictions to allow for new development by streamlining its no growth building permit process. According to Karl Lewis, a vice president and sales manager at John Daugherty Realtors, when the prices of West University Place land reached about $20/sq ft, area home buyers began to consider Bellaire, which had an average price of $10–12/sq ft. Don Stowers of the Houston Press said that Bellaire and West University Place had "comparable" attributes such as independent fire and police departments, zoning, recreation facilities and parks, and schools "among the best in Houston." Michael Blum, president of Blum & Associates Realty, said "Bellaire is a bargain." Blum added that Bellaire was affordable compared to similar American neighborhoods and that Bellaire had proximity to business districts, "excellent" municipal services, and "superior" schools. Affluent families increasingly moved to Bellaire. The price of an average house in Bellaire increased from $75,000 to $500,000 from 1986 to 2006. In 2002, the City of Bellaire attempted to acquire all or part of the Teas Nursery, Bellaire's oldest business and the oldest nursery in Greater Houston, for park development. The company fought the city's take over attempt. During that year the owners of Teas sold at the rear of the property to Lovett Homes, a home developer. Frank Liu, the owner of Lovett Homes, said that it had an option to buy the remaining When the City of Bellaire denied a replat application sent by Teas Nursery, in June 2002 the nursery filed a lawsuit against the city and its zoning commission. In 2005 the lawsuit was settled out of court. During the Hurricane Rita evacuation, a bus filled with residents from Brighton Gardens, a nursing home in Bellaire, caught on fire and exploded in the city of Wilmer. The September 23, 2005, explosion killed 24 of the 38 residents and employees on the bus. The resulting lawsuit was settled in June 2009. On March 23, 2008, a tour bus carrying Tejano singer Emilio Navaira crashed in Bellaire. By 2008, an increasing number of houses sold for over $1,000,000. On December 31, 2008, Bellaire police officers confronted Robbie Tolan, the son of former Major League Baseball player Bobby Tolan, in the driveway of his house at the 800 block of Woodstock. Officers suspected Tolan, who was unarmed, of stealing a sports utility vehicle in the driveway and shot Tolan in the chest; Tolan's family owned the vehicle. Tolan was hospitalized with injuries to one lung and his liver. The incident sparked allegations of racial profiling. Siegel announced that the city will investigate racial profiling and hire an independent consultant to look at traffic stop data. The local National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) branch said that it established a pact with the City of Bellaire; people may report civil rights violations from Bellaire Police to the branch if the people do not wish to contact the City of Bellaire. However, the NAACP branch has not yet provided the city with any civil rights violations. On April 6, 2009, a Harris County grand jury indicted Sergeant Jeffrey Cotton, the police officer, for aggravated assault by a public servant. If convicted, Cotton could face up to life in prison. The trial in Harris County District Court on criminal felony charges against Cotton began on January 25, 2010. Jury selection was scheduled to begin on May 3, 2010. The officer was found not guilty in his criminal trial in May 2010. Teas Nursery closed in 2010; the company president, Tom Teas, intended for the property to be redeveloped into single family houses. The Teas Nursery business was either going to move to a new location or be liquidated. In December the Rubenstein family bought the Teas property; the family planned to donate it to the City of Bellaire for community purposes. The Teas property has two historic buildings. Scott Rubenstein, who handled negotiations for the Rubenstein family, described the Teas lot as "the last largely undeveloped tract in the city, and frankly, in the inner loop of the city of Houston where you can do something that can be used by people from all around the city." Mayor of Bellaire Cindy Seigel said "I am just thrilled we'll be able to preserve a historical property that is an important piece of Bellaire's history." In January 2010, Siegel announced that she would oppose a plan to locate a permanent, privately funded Houston Dynamo stadium at the intersection of South Rice and Westpark, near Bellaire. In April 2010, the Dynamo stadium, now known as BBVA Compass Stadium, was announced as being built in East Downtown Houston. Andrew Friedberg became the mayor in November 2015 and remained in his position after a 2019 election. In August 2017, the city was affected by Hurricane Harvey. As of July 31, 2020, during the COVID 19 pandemic in Texas, 78 people were confirmed to have had the disease; at that time, no Bellaire residents had died from it. Ryan Nickerson of the Houston Chronicle stated that "local officials" credited the lower population density and the relative wealth of Bellaire residents. The first COVID deaths in the city occurred by March 2021.

Bellaire's housing lots are 75 feet (23 m) by 130 feet (40 m), allowing for houses larger than those that could be built on typical 50 feet (15 m) by 120 feet (37 m) West University Place lots. A Bellaire lot can accommodate a house with a detached garage and a swimming pool, while the typical West University Place lot could accommodate a newly constructed Georgian house described by Don Stowers of the Houston Post as "lot hugging". The more spacious and inexpensive housing lots prompted area home seekers to consider Bellaire. Lomax stated in a 2008 Houston Press article that, due to the growth and dominance of Houston, municipal enclaves with their own services, including Bellaire, "are little more than glorified neighborhoods." Many Bellaire streets, such as "Holly," "Holt," "Maple," and "Pine," are named after trees. The word "Holt" means a small grove or a forest of trees. One community in Bellaire, Southdale, was developed by William G. Farmington, the developer of Tanglewood. Southdale was originally developed in the late 1940s with two bedroom houses. The houses were marketed to World War II veterans. The houses were about a fourth as expensive, around $25,000 each ($274,376.73 in 2021 dollars) as Tanglewood houses. Another subdivision in Bellaire is named "Broad Acres."

Bellaire currently has a city manager style of government. The home rule government was established on April 2, 1949, replacing the general law form of government. The city council is made up of the mayor and six city council members. All are elected at large. The mayor is elected for two year terms, while each city council member is elected for four year terms. The mayor may not serve for more than four terms in that position. A council members may have no more than two terms as a city council member. Bellaire has zoning ordinances that dictate types of structures and uses throughout sections of the city. As of 2015, the mayor is Andrew Friedberg. The six council members are, in order of position, Neil Verma (1), Trisha Pollard (2), Gus Pappas (3), Pat McLaughlan (4), Michael Fife (5), and David Montague (6). City hall is located on blocks 31 and 32 of the original Bellaire townsite. The Bellaire Fire Department is housed at 5101 Jessamine Street. The fire station includes two fire engines (a main engine and a volunteer/backup engine), two medic units (a main medic unit and a backup unit), an on shift commander vehicle, a vehicle for each the chief and assistant chief, a cascade unit, and a hazardous materials trailer. The fire department operates the Citizens Fire Academy, a fire and life safety program for Bellaire citizens held on Wednesdays and Saturdays. The old fire station was demolished on December 4, 2009, with demolition continuing on Monday December 7, 2009, and operations are temporarily relocated at the Chevron building. A new fire station was scheduled to be built in the location of the previous fire station. The groundbreaking for the new station was held on December 17, 2009. The Bellaire Police Department is housed at 5110 Jessamine Street. As of 2008 the Chief of Police is Byron Holloway. The police department's patrol division, the organization's largest division, includes patrol, detention, motorcycle, and bicycle units. The support services division includes court, records, and communications divisions. The police department offers the "House Watch Program," where interested residents allow police to check their houses while they are away on vacation. Voters approved the creation of a new emergency medical services unit in a 2019 election.

Zoning and land use controversies, common throughout Bellaire's history, resulted in the 1977 recall of the mayor and three council members. In December 2009 the city voted to ban texting while driving. Bans of texting while driving were passed in Bellaire and West University Place, Texas within hours of one another. In 2010 the city voted 5–2 to ban the feeding of cats on public property and establish a rule requiring the permission of the owner of a piece of private property in order to feed cats on private property. The city received negative e mail feedback from various locations, including Switzerland. In 2011, Phil Nauert was elected as the new mayor of Bellaire. In 2014, long time City Manager Bernie Satterwhite retired and was replaced by Paul Hofmann. In 2011, Bellaire High School principal Tim Salem attempted to remove the Bellaire city government's operating license of a food cart vendor who was popular with students. as of 2011, 11th and 12th grade Bellaire High students were allowed to leave school during lunch time.

Bellaire is within Harris County Precinct 3. As of 2008, Steve Radack serves as the commissioner of that precinct. It is in Constable Precinct One. As of 2008 Jack Abercia heads the constable precinct. Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) operates the nearest public health clinic, Valbona Health Center (formerly People's Health Center) in Greater Sharpstown, and the nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center. Bellaire is located in District 134 of the Texas House of Representatives. As of 2011, Sarah Davis represents the district. Bellaire is within District 17 of the Texas Senate. Bellaire is in Texas's 7th congressional district; as of 2018, Lizzie Fletcher is the representative. The designated United States Postal Service office is the Bellaire Post Office along Bellaire Boulevard in Bellaire. Bellaire first received a post office in 1911. AT&T Inc. operates its Houston area headquarters in an office building at 6500 West Loop South in Bellaire; the building was with SBC Corporation before it absorbed the former AT&T. The Houston Metropolitan Chamber, previously the Greater Southwest Houston Chamber of Commerce, assists economy activity in Bellaire. The main offices of the Greater Southwest Houston Chamber of Commerce were previously located in Bellaire. In addition, South Texas Dental has its corporate headquarters in Bellaire. Chevron has a campus, at 4800 Fournace Place in Bellaire, that is the headquarters for the Chevron Pipe Line Company along with several other business units. S. I. Morris Architects Built the building in 1977. The land contains an 11 story building, In August 1963 officials from the company asked the city government to rezone a parcel of land so the laboratory could be built. The section of the street which the building was on was originally Gulfton Drive, but it was changed to Fournace, after Bellaire resident J. J. Fournace, because the Texaco management did not want their building on a street with a name similar to that of rival company Gulf Oil. The parcel was the only portion of Bellaire zoned to be a "Technical Research Park" or TRP. That year Chevron announced that it was going to move the employees to its offices in Downtown Houston and sell the building. In 1953, the Consulate General of Sweden moved to Bellaire. As of 2009 the Honduran Consulate General and the Swedish Honorary Consulate are located in Houston. Bellaire had 8,120 employed civilians as of the 2000 Census, including 3,835 females. Of the civilian workers, 5,368 (66.1%) were private, for profit wage and salary workers. Of these, 689 (8.5% of the total Bellaire civilian workforce) were employees of their own corporations; 952 (11.7%) were private, non profit wage and salary workers; 446 (5.5%) worked for local governments; 479 (5.9%) were state government workers; 111 (1.4%) were federal workers; 754 (9.3%) were self employed; none of them worked in agriculture, forestry, fishing, or hunting; and 10 (.1%) were unpaid family workers.

Bellaire has several parks within the city limits operated by the city. Bellaire Zindler Park, a park, was given its current name in honor of Marvin Zindler, a Houston journalist; it was originally named Bellaire Park. Bellaire Zindler Park includes a neighborhood pool, two lighted tennis courts, a gazebo, a picnic area, a jogging trail, an open playground, the Bellaire Recreation Center, and the Bellaire Civic Center, which includes auditoriums and meeting rooms. The Vic Driscoll Park consists entirely of open green space. The Evergreen Park includes a neighborhood pool and a playground and picnic area. The Feld Park includes an adult softball field, a playground, two lighted tennis courts, and the Feld Scout House. The Joe Gaither Park includes a play structure with swings and green space. The Horn Field (Avenue B at Holly Street) includes two lighted baseball fields, youth soccer (football) fields, and a T Ball field. The Jacquet Park consists of a playground and picnic area. The Lafayette Park includes a playground and picnic area, an open play area, and the Officer Lucy Dog Park. The Locust Park consists of an open play area and a shaded picnic area. The Loftin Park consists of open green space. The Mulberry Park at 700 Mulberry Lane includes a playground area, a picnic shelter, a youth baseball field, and three lighted tennis courts. The Paseo Park along Bellaire Boulevard includes an esplanade, the Bellaire Trolley and the Special Event area. The Pin Oak Park along the West Loop South (610 Loop) includes two lighted baseball fields, one lighted soccer and American football field, one jogging track, and three basketball/tennis courts. The Russ Pitman Park includes the Henshaw House, the Nature Discovery Area, a playground area, a sheltered picnic area, a self guided nature trail, two pavilions, and an aviary. The dedication ceremony of the future Evelyn's Park was held on June 25, 2011. The groundbreaking was in June 2015, and the opening was scheduled for April 22, 2017. it housed the Ivy & James restaurant until June 30, 2018. As of 1996 Bellaire prohibits smoking in public parks and dogs in all non dog public parks; as of that year smoking in public parks brings a fine of $500. The ordinance was adopted around 1996 on a 4–3 vote. Bellaire holds annual Fourth of July parades and annual "'snow' in the park" Christmas celebrations. Bellaire's Little League baseball team entered the Little League World Series in 2000; the team lost to the team of Maracaibo, Venezuela. In 2002 Bellaire's little league team was placed in the same league as the West University Place team. Previously they played in separate leagues. The Weekley YMCA in Houston includes Bellaire in its service area, It opened in 1951 as the Southwest YMCA. in West University Place. The current facility in Braeswood Place, Houston broke ground in 2001.

The city is served by Houston Independent School District (HISD). Bellaire is within Trustee District V.

Pupils who live in Bellaire inside of the 610 Loop are zoned to Paul W. Horn Academy for elementary school, while students in Bellaire outside of the 610 Loop are zoned to either Al J. Condit Elementary School or Lovett Elementary School, the latter of which is in Houston. Condit Elementary is located on blocks 29–30 of the original Bellaire townsite. In addition, all Bellaire pupils are zoned to Pershing Middle School in the Braeswood Place neighborhood of Houston and Bellaire High School in Bellaire. In addition, a middle school called Pin Oak Middle School, which was built in 2002, is located in Bellaire. Students zoned to Johnston, Long, and Pershing Middle Schools may choose to attend Pin Oak instead; therefore Bellaire students may attend Pin Oak. Pin Oak was named a National Blue Ribbon School in 2008. Gabriela Mistral Early Childhood Center is the closest public early childhood center to the city of Bellaire and Kolter Elementary School is the closest school with a tuition based early childhood program. Only economically disadvantaged students, homeless students, students who are not proficient in English, or children of active duty members of the U. S. military or whose parent has been killed, injured, or missing in action while on active duty may be enrolled in tuition free HISD preschools. Students who are eligible for HISD's preschools may attend any Early Childhood Center in Houston ISD for free. Students not eligible may enroll in tuition based HISD preschool programs. and this campus, designed by VLK Architects, has a capacity of 750 students. The building has 33 classrooms and a total of in space. The groundbreaking ceremony was held on November 10, 2014,

Maud W. Gordon Elementary School in Bellaire does not have a zoning boundary; before 2012 it drew excess students from apartments west of Bellaire, in Houston, to relieve other schools in Houston west of Bellaire such as Benavidez, Cunningham, Elrod, and Milne. From its opening to 1953 to 1983 Gordon served as a neighborhood school. After its closure Gordon temporarily housed the Post Oak School and later served as administrative offices. It re opened as a relief school in 1988 for Elrod and Cunningham schools. It was scheduled to re open in September of that year. In 2012 HISD opened the Mandarin Chinese Language Immersion Magnet School Chinese language immersion magnet school, in the former Gordon Elementary building. It is HISD's first Chinese immersion school. The school was scheduled to move to the St. George Place area of Houston; it was scheduled to open in August 2016. In 2017 HISD announced plans to demolish the Gordon/former MIMS campus so Bellaire High School's baseball practice field could be relocated there, allowing HISD to easily rebuild the high school main campus. On April 29, 1992, during an attendance boundary hearing committee for Southwest Houston, residents of a small portion of Bellaire zoned to Cunningham Elementary School, a school in Houston that was one block away from the city limits of Bellaire, advocated for a rezoning to Condit Elementary School, a facility in the City of Bellaire that was about 1 mile (2 km) away from that section. Condit was about 50% White and had a middle class student body while Cunningham was 95% Hispanic. On May 21, 1992, the HISD board voted to rezone that portion to Condit. Around the early 1990s portions of Bellaire west of the 610 Loop were zoned to Jane Long Middle School, while portions inside the 610 Loop were zoned to Pershing. During that decade, the Bellaire Area School Improvement Committee, or BASIC, was formed to improve the reputation of HISD in Bellaire and to improve Bellaire area schools. The committee opened after HISD's failed attempt to acquire property in Bellaire for the West University relief school. After its formation, BASIC installed a gifted and talented magnet at Jane Long, a school which Donald R. McAdams, a former HISD school board member and author of Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools—and Winning! : Lessons from Houston, described as a school that was "unacceptable" to Bellaire residents since it was less than 10% white. Episcopal High School opened in fall 1984; its campus previously housed Marion High School and the Congregation of the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament, a Roman Catholic school operated by the Sisters of the Incarnate Word and Blessed Sacrament and within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston Houston. The current campus of The Post Oak School opened in 1986; the school had been previously housed in the Gordon Elementary School campus. Another Catholic K–8, St. Vincent de Paul School, is nearby. Other private schools near Bellaire in areas of Houston include Saint Agnes Academy, Strake Jesuit College Preparatory, and St. Thomas' Episcopal School.

The Texas Legislature designated Houston Community College System (HCC) as serving Houston ISD (including Bellaire). The community college district operates the HCCS Gulfton Center, located at 5407 Gulfton Drive in the Gulfton area of Houston. Gulfton Center, a campus building owned by HCCS, opened in 1990 after Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Co. sold the building to HCCS for $700,000 ($1,412,837.49 in 2021 dollars). The West Loop Center, an HCCS owned campus at 5601 West Loop South which opened in Spring 1999, is in Houston and in close proximity to Bellaire. Both the Gulfton and West Loop campuses are part of the district's Southwest College.

The city of Bellaire also operates its own library, the Bellaire City Library, at 5111 Jessamine Street. In 1951 it opened; initially the sole librarian worked only part time.

The Houston Chronicle is the area regional newspaper. Residents receive the Bellaire/West U/River Oaks/Meyerland local section. The Village News and Southwest News is the oldest local paper currently published in Bellaire; offices are at 5160 Spruce Street. The Bellaire Examiner is a newspaper also distributed free to residents. The Bellaire Buzz, one of four magazines produced by The Buzz Magazines, is a monthly publication about people, products and services in the community. It is mailed free of charge to all residents the first week of each month. BellaireConnect. com is a community web site for Bellaire and its surrounding neighborhoods. Bellaire•West University Essentials is an informational community magazine that is delivered monthly to all homes in the city. In the mid 20th century the community newspaper Southwestern Times served Bellaire and surrounding communities. The paper was headquartered in Rice Village, and it served as an official publication for the city. The Bellaire Texan, which served the community in the mid 20th Century, was headquartered in Bellaire and published by the Texan Publishing Corporation. It was an official paper of that city. By 1975 it became known as the Bellaire & Southwestern Texan and was published by the Preston Publishing Company. It was then headquartered in Houston. Jack Gurwell had established the newspaper in 1954; Lynn McBee of the Bellaire Examiner described him as "a Damon Runyonesque character". The city is served by bus lines 2 (Bellaire), 9 (Gulfton/Holman), 20 (Canal/Memorial), 49 (Chimney Rock/S Post Oak), 65 (Bissonnet), 309 (Gulfton Circulator), and 402 Bellaire Quickline. The Bellaire Transit Center, located at 5100 Bellaire Boulevard at South Rice Avenue, has six lines (2, 20, 49, 65, 309, 402). As of 2010 METRO has proposed to build the Bellaire Station as part of the METRORail University Line. In Bellaire's early history, Bellaire Boulevard and a historic street car line connected Bellaire to Houston. The street car line, which ran a four mile (6 km) stretch from central Bellaire to Houston's Main Street, started construction in 1909. The streetcar line consisted of one railway track and an overhead electric wire. A waiting pavilion and a turnaround loop were located at the terminus in Bellaire. The Houston Electric Company had simultaneously constructed a south end line from Eagle Avenue to what is now Fannin Street to connect to the Bellaire Boulevard line. Service, with one required transfer at Eagle Avenue, began on December 28, 1910. The streetcar was nicknamed the "Toonerville Trolley". On September 26, 1927, the trolley line was abandoned and replaced by a bus line. This was due to frequent derailments caused by a worn out track and the advent of the automobile.