Тарихтан маңызды оқиғалар мен күндер

48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus of Rome. 351 – Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius. 365 – Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself emperor. 935 – Duke Wenceslaus I of Bohemia is murdered by a group of nobles led by his brother Boleslaus I, who succeeds him. 995 – Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia, kills most members of the rival Slavník dynasty. 1066 – William the Conqueror lands in England, beginning the Norman conquest. 1106 – King Henry I of England defeats his brother Robert Curthose at the Battle of Tinchebray. 1238 – King James I of Aragon conquers Valencia from the Moors. Shortly thereafter, he proclaims himself king of Valencia. 1322 – Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf. 1538 – Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over a Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza. 1542 – Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo of Portugal arrives at what is now San Diego, California. He is the first European in California.

1779 – American Revolution: Samuel Huntington is elected President of the Continental Congress, succeeding John Jay. 1781 – American Revolution: French and American forces backed by a French fleet begin the siege of Yorktown. 1787 – The Congress of the Confederation votes to send the newly written United States Constitution to the state legislatures for approval. 1821 – The Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire is drafted. It will be made public on 13 October. 1844 – Oscar I of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden. 1867 – Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario, having also been the capital of Ontario's predecessors since 1796. 1868 – The Battle of Alcolea causes Queen Isabella II of Spain to flee to France. 1871 – The Brazilian Parliament passes a law that frees all children thereafter born to slaves, and all government owned slaves. 1889 – The General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) defines the length of a metre. 1892 – The first night game for American football takes place in a contest between Wyoming Seminary and Mansfield State Normal.

1901 – Philippine–American War: Filipino guerrillas kill more than forty American soldiers while losing 28 of their own. 1912 – The Ulster Covenant is signed by some 500,000 Ulster Protestant Unionists in opposition to the Third Irish Home Rule Bill. 1912 – Corporal Frank S. Scott of the United States Army becomes the first enlisted man to die in an airplane crash. 1918 – World War I: The Fifth Battle of Ypres begins. 1919 – Race riots begin in Omaha, Nebraska. 1924 – The first aerial circumnavigation is completed by a team from the US Army. 1928 – Alexander Fleming notices a bacteria killing mold growing in his laboratory, discovering what later became known as penicillin. 1939 – World War II: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union agree on a division of Poland. 1939 – World War II: The siege of Warsaw comes to an end. 1941 – World War II: The Drama uprising against the Bulgarian occupation in northern Greece begins. 1941 – Ted Williams achieves a .406 batting average for the season, and becomes the last major league baseball player to bat .400 or better. 1944 – World War II: Soviet Army troops liberate Klooga concentration camp in Estonia. 1951 – CBS makes the first color televisions available for sale to the general public, but the product is discontinued less than a month later. 1961 – A military coup in Damascus effectively ends the United Arab Republic, the union between Egypt and Syria. 1970 – Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser dies of a heart attack in Cairo. 1973 – The ITT Building in New York City is bombed in protest at ITT's alleged involvement in the coup d'état in Chile. 1975 – The Spaghetti House siege, in which nine people are taken hostage, takes place in London. 1986 – The Democratic Progressive Party becomes the first opposition party in Taiwan. 1992 – A Pakistan International Airlines flight crashes into a hill in Nepal, killing all 167 passengers and crew. 1994 – The cruise ferry sinks in the Baltic Sea, killing 852 people. 1995 – Bob Denard and a group of mercenaries take the islands of the Comoros in a coup. 1995 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. 2000 – Al Aqsa Intifada: Ariel Sharon visits Al Aqsa Mosque known to Jews as the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. 2008 – Falcon 1 becomes the first privately developed liquid fuel ground launched vehicle to put a payload into orbit by the RatSat mission. 2008 – The Singapore Grand Prix is held as Formula One's inaugural night race, with Fernando Alonso winning the event. Almost a year later it was revealed that Alonso's team mate Nelson Piquet Jr. had been ordered to crash his car to help bring out the safety car and give Alonso the advantage and win. 2009 – The military junta leading Guinea attacks a protest rally, killing or wounding 1,400 people. 2012 – Somali and African Union forces launch a coordinated assault on the Somali port of Kismayo to take back the city from al Shabaab militants. 2012 – Sita Air Flight 601 crashes in Madhyapur Thimi, Nepal, killing all 19 passengers and crew. 2014 – The 2014 Hong Kong protests begin in response to restrictive political reforms imposed by the NPC in Beijing. 2016 – The 2016 South Australian blackout occurs, lasting up to three days in some areas. 2018 – The 7.5 Mw 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, which triggered a large tsunami, leaves 4,340 dead and 10,679 injured. 2023 – The 2023 Rotterdam shootings occurred, during which two people were killed in a shooting and arson incident at a residence in Delfshaven, Rotterdam. Additionally, one person lost their life in a classroom at the Erasmus University Medical Center.

551 BC – Confucius, Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history. (d. 479 BC)
616 – Javanshir, King of Caucasian Albania (d. 680)
1494 – Agnolo Firenzuola, Italian poet and playwright (d. 1545)
1555 – Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Marshal of France (d. 1623)
1573 – Théodore de Mayerne, Swiss physician (d. 1654)

1605 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer and mathematician (d. 1694)
1681 – Johann Mattheson, German composer, lexicographer, and diplomat (d. 1764)
1705 – Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1774)
1705 – Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)
1735 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1811)
1746 – William Jones, English Welsh philologist and scholar (d. 1794)
1765 – Frederick Christian II, Duke of Schleswig Holstein Sonderburg Augustenburg (d. 1814)
1803 – Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist, historian, and author (d. 1870)
1809 – Alvan Wentworth Chapman, American physician and botanist (d. 1899)
1819 – Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer and publisher (d. 1885)
1821 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, American minister and politician (d. 1874)
1823 – Alexandre Cabanel, French painter and educator (d. 1889)
1824 – Francis Turner Palgrave, English poet and critic (d. 1897)
1836 – Thomas Crapper, English plumber, invented the ballcock (d. 1910)
1841 – Georges Clemenceau, French journalist, physician, and politician, 85th Prime Minister of France (d. 1929)
1844 – Robert Stout, Scottish New Zealand lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1930)
1852 – Henri Moissan, French chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
1852 – Isis Pogson, British astronomer and meteorologist (d. 1945)
1852 – John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, British Army officer (d. 1925)
1856 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author and educator (d. 1923)
1860 – Paul Ulrich Villard, French chemist and physicist (d. 1934)
1861 – Amélie of Orléans, queen consort of Portugal (d. 1951)
1867 – Hiranuma Kiichirō, Japanese lawyer and politician, 35th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1952)
1867 – James Edwin Campbell, American educator, school administrator, newspaper editor, poet, and essayist (d. 1896)
1870 – Florent Schmitt, French composer and critic (d. 1958)
1877 – Albert Young, American boxer and promoter (d. 1940)
1878 – Joseph Ruddy, American swimmer and water polo player (d. 1962)
1881 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (d. 1950)
1882 – Mart Saar, Estonian organist and composer (d. 1963)
1885 – Emil Väre, Finnish wrestler, coach, and referee (d. 1974)
1887 – Avery Brundage, American businessman, 5th President of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1975)
1889 – Jack Fournier, American baseball player and coach (d. 1973)
1890 – Florence Violet McKenzie, Australian electrical engineer (d. 1982)
1892 – Elmer Rice, American playwright (d. 1967)
1893 – Hilda Geiringer, Austrian mathematician (d. 1973)
1893 – Giannis Skarimpas, Greek author, poet, and playwright (d. 1984)
1898 – Carl Clauberg, German Nazi physician (d. 1957)
1900 – Isabel Pell, American socialite, fought as part of the French Resistance during WWII (d. 1951)

48 BC – Pompey, Roman general and politician (b. 106 BC) (b. c. 50)
782 – Leoba, Anglo Saxon nun (b. c. 710)
935 – Wenceslaus I, duke of Bohemia (b. c. 907)
980 – Minamoto no Hiromasa, Japanese nobleman (b. 918)
1197 – Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1165)
1213 – Gertrude of Merania, queen consort of Hungaria (b. 1185)
1330 – Elizabeth of Bohemia, queen consort of Bohemia (b. 1292)
1429 – Cymburgis of Masovia, duchess consort of Austria (b. 1394)
1582 – George Buchanan, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1506)
1596 – Margaret Clifford, countess of Derby (b. 1540)

1618 – Josuah Sylvester, English poet and translator (b. 1563)
1687 – Francis Turretin, Swiss Italian theologian and academic (b. 1623)
1694 – Gabriel Mouton, French mathematician and theologian (b. 1618)
1702 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, French English lawyer and politician, Lord President of the Council (b. 1640)
1742 – Jean Baptiste Massillon, French bishop (b. 1663)
1805 – Christoph Franz von Buseck, Prince Bishop of Bamberg (b. 1724)
1829 – Nikolay Raevsky, Russian general and politician (b. 1771)
1844 – Pyotr Aleksandrovich Tolstoy, Russian general and politician (b. 1769)
1859 – Carl Ritter, German geographer and academic (b. 1779)
1873 – Émile Gaboriau, French journalist and author (b. 1832)
1891 – Herman Melville, American author and poet (b. 1819)
1893 – Annie Feray Mutrie, British painter (b. 1826)
1895 – Louis Pasteur, French chemist and microbiologist (b. 1822)
1899 – Giovanni Segantini, Austrian painter (b. 1858)

1904 – Lafcadio Hearn, Greek Japanese historian and author (b. 1850)
1914 – Richard Warren Sears, American businessman, co founded Sears (b. 1863)
1915 – Saitō Hajime, Japanese samurai (b. 1844)
1918 – Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
1918 – Freddie Stowers, American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1896)
1920 – Yu Gwansun, Korean Independence Activist (b. 1902)
1925 – Paul Vermoyal, French actor (b. 1888)
1935 – William Kennedy Dickson, French Scottish actor, director, and producer, invented the Kinetoscope (b. 1860)
1938 – Charles Duryea, American engineer and businessman, founded the Duryea Motor Wagon Company (b. 1861)
1941 – Marion Miley, American golfer, ranked No. 1 in the United States (b. 1914)
1943 – Sam Ruben, American chemist and academic (b. 1913)
1943 – Filippo Illuminato, Italian partisan, Gold Medal of Military Valour (b. 1930)
1949 – Archbishop Chrysanthus of Athens (b. 1881)
1953 – Edwin Hubble, American astronomer and scholar (b. 1889)
1956 – William Boeing, American businessman, founded the Boeing Company (b. 1881)
1957 – Luis Cluzeau Mortet, Uruguayan violinist and composer (b. 1888)
1959 – Rudolf Caracciola, German race car driver (b. 1901)
1962 – Roger Nimier, French soldier and author (b. 1925)
1964 – Harpo Marx, American comedian, actor, and singer (b. 1888)
1966 – André Breton, French author and poet (b. 1896)
1970 – John Dos Passos, American novelist, poet, essayist, and playwright (b. 1896)
1970 – Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egyptian colonel and politician, 2nd President of Egypt (b. 1918)
1978 – Pope John Paul I (b. 1912)
1979 – John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist and engineer (b. 1921)
1981 – Rómulo Betancourt, Venezuelan journalist and politician, President of Venezuela (b. 1908)
1982 – Mabel Albertson, American actress (b. 1901)
1984 – Cihad Baban, Turkish journalist, author, and politician (b. 1911)
1989 – Ferdinand Marcos, Filipino lawyer and politician, 10th President of the Philippines (b. 1917)
1990 – Larry O'Brien, American businessman and politician, 57th United States Postmaster General (b. 1917)
1991 – Miles Davis, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (b. 1926)
1993 – Peter De Vries, American editor and novelist (b. 1910)
1993 – Alexander A. Drabik, American sergeant (b. 1910)
1994 – Urmas Alender, Estonian singer (b. 1953)
1994 – José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, Mexican lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Guerrero (b. 1946)
1994 – Harry Saltzman, Canadian production manager and producer (b. 1915)
1994 – K. A. Thangavelu, Indian film actor and comedian (b. 1917)
1999 – Escott Reid, Canadian academic and diplomat (b. 1905)
2000 – Pierre Trudeau, Canadian journalist, lawyer, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1919)
2002 – Patsy Mink, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
2002 – Hartland Molson, Canadian captain and politician (b. 1907)
2003 – Althea Gibson, American tennis player and golfer (b. 1927)
2003 – Elia Kazan, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
2003 – George Odlum, Saint Lucian politician and diplomat (b. 1934)
2004 – Geoffrey Beene, American fashion designer (b. 1924)
2005 – Constance Baker Motley, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1921)
2007 – René Desmaison, French mountaineer (b. 1930)
2007 – Wally Parks, American businessman, founded the National Hot Rod Association (b. 1913)
2009 – Guillermo Endara, Panamanian lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Panama (b. 1936)
2009 – Ulf Larsson, Swedish actor and director (b. 1956)
2010 – Kurt Albert, German mountaineer and photographer (b. 1954)
2010 – Arthur Penn, American director and producer (b. 1922)
2010 – Dolores Wilson, American soprano and actress (b. 1928)
2012 – Avraham Adan, Israeli general (b. 1926)
2012 – Chris Economaki, American journalist and sportscaster (b. 1920)
2012 – Brajesh Mishra, Indian politician and diplomat, 1st Indian National Security Advisor (b. 1928)
2013 – James Emanuel, American French poet and scholar (b. 1921)
2013 – Jonathan Fellows Smith, South African cricketer and rugby player (b. 1932)
2013 – George Amon Webster, American singer and pianist (b. 1945)
2014 – Dannie Abse, Welsh physician, poet, and author (b. 1923)
2014 – Joseph H. Alexander, American colonel and historian (b. 1938)
2014 – Sheila Faith, English dentist and politician (b. 1928)
2014 – Tim Rawlings, English footballer and manager (b. 1932)
2014 – Petr Skoumal, Czech pianist and composer (b. 1938)
2015 – Alexander Faris, Irish composer and conductor (b. 1921)
2015 – Walter Dale Miller, American rancher and politician, 29th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1925)
2015 – Ignacio Zoco, Spanish footballer (b. 1939)
2016 – Agnes Nixon, American television writer and director (b. 1922)
2016 – Gary Glasberg, American television writer and producer (b. 1966)
2016 – Shimon Peres, Polish Israeli statesman and politician, 9th President of Israel (b. 1923)
2016 – Gloria Naylor, American novelist (b. 1950)
2017 – Daniel Pe'er, Israeli television host and newsreader (b. 1943)
2018 – Predrag Ejdus, Serbian actor (b. 1947)
2019 – José José, Mexican musician and singer (b. 1948)
2022 – Coolio, American rapper (b. 1963)