Индитекс: Испаниялық көпұлтты киім компаниясы

Spanish multinational clothing company

Industria de Diseño Textil, S. A. (Inditex; ,/ɪ//n//d//ɪ/'/t//ɛ//k//s///, indiˈteks; ) is a Spanish multinational clothing company headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia, Spain. Inditex, the biggest fast fashion group in the world, operates over 7,200 stores in 93 markets worldwide. The company's flagship brand is Zara, but it also owns a number of other brands such as Zara Home, Bershka, Massimo Dutti, Oysho, Pull&Bear, Stradivarius, Uterqüe and Lefties. The majority of its stores are corporate owned, while franchises are mainly conceded in countries where corporate properties cannot be foreign owned. The company makes use of Uyghur forced labour provided by the China based supplier Beijing Guanghua textile group, according to Uyghur Rights Monitor, Sheffield Hallam University, and the Uyghur Center for Democracy and Human Rights.

Amancio Ortega started in the clothing industry in the early 1960s while working for a local shirt maker in A Coruña, Spain. Ortega began developing his designs and he and his wife, Rosalia Mera, started making clothes from their home. Amancio had saved up enough money to open a small factory and sold garments to his former employer, amongst others.

In the 1980s, the company implemented a new design and distribution method that drastically reduced the time between design, production, and arrival at retail sites. The system was designed by Castellano, who became the company's CEO in 1984. In 1985, Industria de Diseño Textil S. A. or Inditex was created as a holding company for Zara and its manufacturing plants. In 1988, the company began expanding internationally with the opening of a Zara store in Porto, Portugal. In 1990, the company owned footwear collection, Tempe, populated in the children's section of Zara stores. In 1991, Inditex created the company Pull and Bear, a casual menswear company. Later that year, the company also acquired a 65 per cent share in the upscale Massimo Dutti brand. Inditex created Lefties in 1993; the name is taken from the term leftovers and it was created to sell old Zara clothing. In 1995, Inditex purchased the remaining Massimo Dutti shares and began expanding the brand to include a women's line. In 1998, Inditex launched the Bershka brand that was aimed at urban hip fashion. The company bought Stradivarius in 1999, a youthful female fashion brand.

Inditex had its initial public offering (IPO) in 2001, on the Bolsa de Madrid. The IPO sold 26 per cent of the company to public investors, the company was valued at €9 billion. The same year, the company launched the lingerie and women's clothing store Oysho. In 2003, Inditex launched the Zara Home brand, which offers bedding, cutlery, glassware and other home decoration accessories. In 2004, with the opening of store number 2,000 in Hong Kong, Inditex had established its presence in 56 countries. In 2005, CEO Jose Maria Castellano stepped down from the position to oversee expansion plans, he was replaced by Pablo Isla. Inditex launched Uterque in the summer of 2008, the brand specializes in women's accessories. During the same year, the company opened its 4,000th store in Tokyo after doubling in size within four years. After the 2013 Savar building collapse, Inditex was one of the thirty eight companies who signed the Accord on Factory and Building Safety in Bangladesh. As of 2019, Inditex is the biggest fashion retailer in the world by revenue. The company's revenue fell by 18% to $1.85 billion in the final quarter of 2020, primarily due to the fall in retail sales as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. Inditex's stocks fell by 12% over the year. In May 2021, Inditex said that all its stores in Venezuela would close as it will review its agreement with its local partner Phoenix World Trade. In the three months to 30 April 2023, the group reported a 13% increase in sales to £6.54 billion and a 14% rise in profit to £3.96 billion.

In 1989, a year after entering Portugal, the company entered the U. S. market and expanded into France in 1990. By 1997, the company had expanded to Malta, Cyprus, Norway and Israel. The company opened stores in Italy, Luxembourg and Jordan in 2001. In 2003, Inditex opened stores in Russia, Slovakia and Malaysia. In 2010, the company opened their 5,000th location in Rome In 2014, Inditex opened stores in Albania. In 2016, Inditex announced that they planned to open stores in Vietnam, New Zealand, Paraguay, Aruba and Nicaragua. Zara joined the e commerce marketplace in September 2010, launching websites in Spain, the UK, Portugal, Italy, Germany and France. In November 2010, Zara's online presence grew to include Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. In September 2011, Inditex brought Zara's e commerce platform to the U. S., as well as adding the brands Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stadivarius, Oysho and Uterqüe to the e commerce space. As of February 2016, Inditex operates e commerce sites in 28 markets and plans to add 12 more by April. In September 2018, Inditex announced to sell all its brands online by 2020, even in places where it does not own any stores.

Inditex avoids magazine advertising, with print campaigns only occurring on billboards in certain regions like U. S. and in store. Endorsements for celebrities to wear its labels are budgeted instead. The company also invests heavily in a prime commercial location with fashion forward window displays for optimum high street visibility and product turnaround.

Zara has been accused of copying artwork. In 2017, Zara Home Belgium was convicted of plagiarism by a Brussels Court, which was claimed to have been the first plagiarism conviction of a fast retailer.

Under the Inditex umbrella are several brands that offer a variety of products aimed at different markets. CompanyNo. of stores Year of creation MarketNotesZara1,9391975Fashion for men, women and childrenPull and Bear9641991Casual laid back clothing and accessories for young women and menMassimo Dutti6821991 (acquired)Clothing and accessories for cosmopolitan men and womenLefties1351993Affordable fashionActive in sixteen markets: Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Mexico, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Israel, Bahrain, Tunisia, Oman, Romania and TurkeyBershka9711998Blends urban styles and modern fashion for young women and menStradivarius9151999 (acquired)Casual and feminine clothes for young womenOysho5562001Lingerie, casual outerwear, loungewear, gym wear & swimwear and original accessories for womenZara Home4822003Home goods and decoration objectsUterqüe82 (closed)2008High quality fashion accessories at attractive prices Inditex integrated Uterqüe into Massimo Dutti in September 2021.