Норвегиялық Nordic Semiconductor компаниясының даму тарихы

Norwegian multinational semiconductors manufacturer
Nordic Semiconductor has been ISO 9001 certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) since 1996, and the certificate was upgraded to ISO 9001 2000 in 2001. In 1996, Nordic Semiconductor was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange's SME list.

Nordic Semiconductor was initially founded in 1983 as Nordic VLSI (NVLSI) in Trondheim, Norway by four post graduates from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Initially, the company focused on the design of mixed signal application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) within the Nordic region. In 1996, the firm went public on the Norwegian stock exchange, where it still trades as of 2023. In 1998, NVLSI released its first wireless standard products in the 433 MHz ISM band. In 2003 NVLSI was renamed Nordic Semiconductor, often known as Nordic Semi, to reflect the company's focus on ultra low power wireless devices. The same year saw the release of Nordic Semiconductor's first wireless devices at 2.4 GHz. Since 2003, Nordic Semiconductor has maintained a clear focus on wireless products for the 2.4 GHz band and has seen its devices used in a wide range of branded consumer electronic products. Nordic Semiconductor products support short range low power wireless through Bluetooth LE, Thread, Zigbee, and proprietary 2.4 GHz protocols; and low power cellular IoT through LTE M and NB IoT. 2012 saw the release of the third generation of ultra low power wireless products. This family of products is named the nRF51 series, and incorporates the ARM Cortex M series microcontrollers at their core. In 2015 Nordic Semiconductor introduced new 2.4 GHz ISM band SoC series, the nRF52 Series with ARM Cortex M4 as their core. In January 2018, Nordic Semiconductor introduced its first cellular product, the nRF91 series. With the nRF9160 system in a package (SiP), the company expanded from Bluetooth LE and short range radio applications into cellular network solutions. The main focus is on cellular IoT by supporting LTE M and NB IoT. In November 2019, Nordic Semiconductor introduced a flagship SoC containing dual core ARM Cortex M33 processors and a multi protocol radio stack (NFC/BLE/BLE mesh/Zigbee/Thread/others), the nRF53 series. In 2022, Nordic Semiconductor unveiled a low power, dual band Wi Fi 6 companion chip, the nRF70 Series. ICs compatible with the nRF7002 include the nRF52 and nRF53 Bluetooth SoCs and the nRF91 cellular SiP, although Nordic claims that the device can also be used with non Nordic host devices. In August 2023, it was announced Nordic Semiconductor had entered into an agreement to acquire the IP portfolio of San Diego headquartered artificial intelligence and machine learning company, Atlazo. In October 2023, Nordic Semiconductor announced the second product, nRF54L Series, in its fourth generation of Bluetooth® Low Energy Systems on Chip (SoCs) family, the nRF54. In December 2023, Nordic Semiconductor announced that after 22 years at the helm, Sven Torre will step down from the role of CEO. He will be replaced by Vegard Woollan, the co inventor of the AVR microcontroller architecture.

Nordic Semiconductor designs and produces SoC, SiP, and connectivity solutions for the ISM bands at 5 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 868/915 MHz bands. The products operate on low power, enabling wireless and IoT applications to use little battery and run on harvested energy. Current products include SoCs incorporating the ARM Cortex M0, ARM Cortex M4 and ARM Cortex M33 microcontroller cores. Popular products include the nRF24L01+ and the nRF24LE1, both using the lightweight and proprietary "Enhanced ShockBurst" protocol stack in 2.4 GHz ISM band. The nRF24L01+ is a simple transceiver with some logic to implement the protocol stack and is connected to a microcontroller via an SPI bus, while the nRF24LE1 can be seen as an nRF24L01 and a microcontroller in the same chip.'

The nRF9160 SiP expanded Nordic Semiconductor's lineup from mainly focusing on Bluetooth LE and other short range wireless protocol SoCs into the realm of connected devices using the cellular network for internet connectivity. The series offers LTE M and NB IoT connectivity.

A Wi Fi companion IC is designed to provide Wi Fi connectivity and functionality to existing Nordic products. Unlike other Nordic solutions, the first product, nRF7002, is strictly for connectivity.

The nRF54 Series SoC makes it possible to reduce BOM, replacing external components through a highly integrated SoC with multiple ARM Cortex M#Cortex M33 processors running up to 320 MHz in conjunction with RISC V coprocessors. nRF54H20 touts efficient processing, ultra low power radio, and minimal sleep currents, multiprotocol radio with 10 dBm TX power, 100 dBm RX sensitivity for Bluetooth LE and 104 dBm for 802.15.4., PSA Level 3 certification, secure boot, secure firmware update, secure storage, and protection against physical attacks. In EEMBC ULPMark CM benchmarking, configured for maximum processing efficiency, the nRF54H20 scores 170 with 515 CoreMark. Configured for maximum processing performance, the nRF54H20 scores 132 with 1290 CoreMark. Compared to the nRF54H Series' GlobalFoundries 22FDX® (22 nm) process, nRF54L Series features a new hardware architecture fabricated using TSMC’s 22ULL® (22 nm) process technology.

The nRF5340 SoC is the world's first dual core ARM Cortex M33 SoC (128MHz + 64MHz), released in 2020. This is Nordic's new generation of wireless SoCs with a separate processor core to handle connectivity, thus freeing up resources for handling more demanding applications on the main processor's core without compromising on the connectivity.

The nRF52 Series SoCs was the second short range wireless SoCs from Nordic Semiconductor, building on their experience developing the nRF51 Series. The nRF52 series, especially the nRF52840 and nRF52833, is very successful and exists in millions of popular consumer devices in the world today, among them wireless mice, keyboards and audio devices. The popularity of Nordic's nRF52 series allows Nordic Semiconductor to maintain a 40% worldwide market share in the Bluetooth LE segment. The nRF52833 SoC features a 64 MHz ARM Cortex M4. This SoC supports an extended temperature range of 40˚C to 105˚C. The SoC has a 1:4 RAM to Flash storage ratio (128 KB : 512 KB). Being a wireless focused chip, the nRF52833 is equipped with an output power of +8 dBm.

The nRF51 Series SoCs was the first short range wireless SoC series from Nordic Semiconductor; it was superseded by the nRF52 Series SoCs.

Dedicated Power Management ICs (PMIC) can achieve better performance and efficiency, and handle higher load capacities than smaller manufacturing processes and internal regulators. nPM Series supports power management, battery charging, and state of charge prediction using integrated battery current, voltage, and temperature measurements for precision estimation.

The transmit (TX) output power and the receiver sensitivity directly influence the link budget of a connection. An RF front end module (FEM) increases the range at which two wireless devices can communicate while enhancing link robustness. nRF21540 RF FEM can boost wireless range up to 10x.

nRF Cloud is a platform for IoT cloud services for the nRF Series of wireless devices, including location services and Firmware Over The Air (FOTA).

nRF Connect SDK is a software development kit for the nRF Series of wireless devices.

Nordic Semiconductor is a member of the ANT+ Alliance, Bluetooth Special Interest Group, KNX Association, Thread Group, Connectivity Standards Alliance, Wi Fi Alliance, GSMA, and the Zephyr Project. Nordic Semiconductor has announced a collaboration with Qualcomm, NXP, Bosch and Infineon, to launch a joint company focused on RISC V.

Some clones of Nordic Semiconductor's chips can be found on the market, such as the SI24R1 and the BK2421. They often demonstrate inferior receiver sensitivity and higher power consumption, although they may add additional features such as higher maximal transmission power.

Nordic Semiconductor is headquartered in Trondheim, Norway. R&D offices are located in Portland (US), Krakow and Wrocław (Poland), Oulu, Espoo, Tampere and Turku (Finland), Hyderabad (India), Bristol and Hertfordshire (UK), Stockholm and Lund (Sweden), and in Oslo and Trondheim (Norway). Technical support or sales offices are located in Oslo (Norway), San Diego (US), Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong (China), Taipei (Taiwan), Manila (the Philippines), Yokohama (Japan), Seoul (South Korea), Düsseldorf (Germany), Eindhoven (the Netherlands) and London (UK).