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County in Tennessee, United States

Wilson County was created in 1799 from a portion of Sumner County, and named for Major David Wilson, a Revolutionary War veteran and statesman. The county remained predominantly agrarian throughout the 19th century. The arrival of the railroad after the Civil War boosted the county's timber sector, and several large factories were constructed in the county during the early 20th century.

According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 583 square miles (1,510 km2), of which 571 square miles (1,479 km2) is land and 12 square miles (31 km2) (2.1%) is water. The Cumberland River flows along the county's northern border with Trousdale and Sumner counties. This section of the river is part of Old Hickory Lake. Several streams in the western part of the county are part of the Stones River basin. Wilson County is home to a large concentration of cedar glades, a unique ecosystem where the soil is too rocky or shallow for trees to grow. Many of these glades are found in Cedars of Lebanon State Park.

+Wilson County racial composition Race Number Percentage White (non Hispanic) 118,889 80.47% Black or African American (non Hispanic) 10,099 6.84% Native American 405 0.27% Asian 3,086 2.09% Pacific Islander 44 0.03% Other/Mixed 6,839 4.63% Hispanic or Latino 8,375 5.67%
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 147,737 people, 51,618 households, and 40,874 families residing in the county.

As of the census of 2010, there were 113,993 people, 42,563 households, and 32,177 families living in the county. The population density was The housing unit density was The racial makeup of the county was 89.30% White, 6.40% African American, 1.12% Asian, 0.35% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, and 1.46% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origins constituted 3.24% of the population. Of all of the households, 33.22% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 60.08% were married couples living together, 4.33% had a male householder with no wife present, 11.19% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.40% were non families. 19.86% of households were one person and 7.29% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.03. The age distribution was 25.06% under the age of 18, 62.78% ages 18 to 64, and 12.17% age 65 and older. The median age was 39.3 years. 51.02% of the population were females and 48.98% were males. The median household income was $60,678, and the median family income was $70,092. Males had a median income of $49,293 versus $36,419 for females. The per capita income for the county was $27,814. About 5.6% of families and 7.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.1% of those under the age of 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 and older.

At the 2000 census there were 88,809 people, 32,798 households, and 25,582 families living in the county. The population density was There were 34,921 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the county was 91.50% White, 6.26% Black or African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.48% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.48% from other races, and 0.92% from two or more races. 1.27% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 32,798 households 37.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.20% were married couples living together, 10.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.00% were non families. 18.10% of households were one person and 6.10% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.03. The age distribution was 26.20% under the age of 18, 7.70% from 18 to 24, 31.70% from 25 to 44, 24.70% from 45 to 64, and 9.70% 65 or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.80 males. The median household income was $50,140 and the median family income was $56,650. Males had a median income of $39,848 versus $26,794 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,739. About 4.60% of families and 6.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.80% of those under age 18 and 11.50% of those age 65 or over.

Wilson County Schools oversees 22 public schools, including 2 adult education centers and a technical education center. The county has five high schools: Mount Juliet High School, Lebanon High School, Wilson Central High School, Green Hill High School, and Watertown High School. Lebanon Special School District (LSSD) serves most of Lebanon and some unincorporated areas for K 8, though some parts of Lebanon are with Wilson County schools for all years K 12. Wilson County Schools operates the high schools that serve the LSSD territory. Cumberland University is located in Lebanon.

It has two school districts, Lebanon Special School District and Wilson County School District. The latter has all high school zoning in the entire county, while the former has grades K 8 and special education services.