АҚШ Миссури штатындағы Каллауэй округі

County in Missouri, United States

Callaway County is a county located in the U. S. state of Missouri. As of the 2020 United States Census, the county's population was 44,283. Its county seat is Fulton. With a border formed by the Missouri River, the county was organized November 25, 1820, and named for Captain James Callaway, grandson of Daniel Boone. The county has been historically referred to as "The Kingdom of Callaway" after an incident in which some residents confronted Union troops during the U. S. Civil War. Callaway County is part of the Jefferson City, Missouri, Metropolitan Statistical Area. Vineyards and wineries were first established in the area by German immigrants in the mid 19th century. Among the first mentioned in county histories are those around the southeastern Callaway settlement of Heilburn, a community neighboring Portland, on the Missouri River. Since the 1960s, there has been a revival of winemaking there and throughout Missouri. The Callaway Nuclear Generating Station is located in Callaway County, near Fulton.

This area was historically occupied by the Osage and other Native American peoples, some of whom migrated from east of the Ohio River Valley. Others emerged as cultures in this area, following thousands of years of settlement by indigenous peoples. The early European American settlement of Callaway County was largely by migrants from the Upper South states of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee, with an influx of German immigrants starting in the 1830s, as was the case with other counties along the Missouri River. Some of them brought black slaves and enslavement practices with them, and quickly started cultivating hemp and tobacco, the same crops as were grown in Middle Tennessee and Kentucky. Given their culture and traditions, this area became known as Little Dixie. By 1860, enslaved people made up at least 25 percent of the county's population, higher than in most parts of the state. On October 27, 1860, a woman known as "Slave Teney" was lynched by whites near Fulton after she confessed to killing the daughter of her owner. Some pioneer families from Callaway and Lewis County, Missouri, moved to the West and became influential early settlers of the nascent state of California. Callaway families helped settle areas of California near the Oregon border, as they entered the state via the Oregon Trail, then southward toward San Francisco. Lewis County relatives helped build Sacramento and develop viticulture in the California Central Valley and areas north of San Francisco Bay. Some of these Missouri families, later key U. S./Unionist advocates and military personnel during the U. S. Civil War, held early local and statewide political offices in California. The minutes of the U. S. Congressional hearing on the legitimacy of U. S. Civil war era elections in Callaway County include reports of substantial election meddling and voter harassment and intimidation, summarized in the 1867 68 Reports of Committees of the House of Representatives. It described the Confederate support in the county, citing prominent citizens, but the report also demonstrated that there was substantial county support for Union/U. S. government among citizens who were often intimidated into silence. Historians therefore cannot ascertain exact percentages of Union or Confederate sympathies in the county. The Battle of Moore's Mill was the only significant Civil War battle that took place in Callaway County. One historian said it was known as "Kingdom of Callaway". A truce with U. S./Union forces during the war effectively allowed Confederate advocates to continue to operate under surveillance, in proximity to the Missouri government offices in Jefferson City. There may have been more than twice as many Confederate as U. S./Union troops in Callaway. A so called "Confederate government of Missouri" set up offices in southwest Missouri near the Arkansas border, while a line almost straight south along the Arkansas Oklahoma border connected it to a known Texas affiliate (and possibly controlling) office set up across from the southwest corner of Arkansas in Marshall, Texas. According to "A Short History of Callaway County" by Ovid Bell, the publisher of the (county seat) Fulton Daily Sun Gazette, "Fulton was occupied during the greater part of the war by Union soldiers and militia, and Southern (i. e. Confederate) sympathizers were in constant fear of imprisonment and death." U. S. forces loyal to the Union were raised by Captains William T Snell, Henry Thomas, and JJP Johnson. They were reinforced by troops under General John B. Henderson from the town of Louisiana in Pike County, Missouri. After the late 1860s Reconstruction era, an element of white residents in the state and county worked to restore white supremacy. Violence against Black people reached a peak around the turn of the 20th century, when whites lynched a total of four African Americans in the county. The victims included Ham Peterson in May 1884, killed because his brother spoke disrespectfully to whites; an unnamed African American man killed by a mob in October 1884, after being accused of raping a young girl; and Emmett Divens, lynched August 15, 1895. Other settlers in the Missouri River valley included German immigrants from the mid 19th century following the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states; they established a strong wine industry in the area and built towns with German influenced architecture, concentrated substantially in counties south of Callaway and across the Missouri River, celebrated annually in the Maifest events in the Gasconade county seat, Hermann. Missouri was the second largest wine producing state nationally until Prohibition. Since the 1960s, numerous vineyards and wineries have been established again in the river valley, including Summit Lake Winery in Holts Summit. One definition of the Missouri Rhineland can be found in a Chicago Tribune article of September 2018. Callaway has remained largely agricultural, economically, with its rich farmlands, yet borders Missouri's capital city and Lincoln University (Missouri) in Cole County, to the south, and the main University of Missouri campus in Columbia, 40 miles or less from the most populous areas of the county. Callaway County has for years hosted William Woods University and Westminster College in the county seat, Fulton, while Osage county, to the south, hosts the State Technical College of Missouri in Linn.

According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 847 square miles (2,194 km2), of which 835 square miles (2,163 km2) is land and 13 square miles (34 km2) (1.5%) is water. The northern part of the county is relatively flat and devoid of large tracts of forests. The southern border of the county is the Missouri River, and the area is heavily forested over large hills and valleys. Cedar Creek makes up the bulk of the county's western border. Jefferson City lies across the Missouri River from the southwestern corner of the county.

According to the Association of Religion Data Archives County Membership Report (2010), Callaway County is sometimes regarded as being on the northern edge of the Bible Belt, with evangelical Protestantism being the most predominant religion. The most predominant denominations among residents in Callaway County who adhere to a religion are Southern Baptists (41.60%), Roman Catholics (14.00%), and United Methodists (9.41%).

+Callaway County Racial CompositionRaceNum. Perc. White (NH)38,45386.83%Black or African American (NH)1,9434.4%Native American (NH)1410.32%Asian (NH)2220.5%Pacific Islander (NH)300.07%Other/Mixed (NH)2,5295.7%Hispanic or Latino9652.2%

Westminster College Fulton A private, four year Presbyterian university. William Woods University Fulton A private, four year university.

The Republican Party completely controls politics at the local level in Callaway County, holding every elected position in the county.

+ Past Gubernatorial Elections Results Year Republican Democratic Third Parties202070.85% 14,95026.59% 5,6112.56% 540201657.95% 11,14938.15% 7,3403.89% 749201252.30% 9,48644.17% 8,0123.53% 640200849.78% 9,59648.63% 9,3751.59% 306200457.27% 10,15341.59% 7,3731.13% 201200043.62% 6,64153.40% 8,1292.98% 453199632.91% 4,31463.91% 8,3793.18% 417

Callaway County is split between two legislative districts in the Missouri House of Representatives, both of which are held by Republicans. District 43 — Kent Haden (R Mexico). Consists of the communities of Auxvasse, Portland, Steedman, and Williamsburg. District 49 — Travis Fitzwater (R Holts Summit). Consists of the communities of Fulton, Holts Summit, Kingdom City, Lake Mykee Town, Mokane, New Bloomfield, and Tebbetts. All of Callaway County is a part of Missouri's 10th District in the Missouri Senate and is currently represented by Jeanie Riddle (R Mokane).

All of Callaway County is included in Missouri's 3rd Congressional District and is currently represented by Blaine Luetkemeyer (R St. Elizabeth) in the U. S. House of Representatives. Luetkemeyer was elected to a seventh term in 2020 over Democratic challenger Megan Rezabek. Callaway County, along with the rest of the state of Missouri, is represented in the U. S. Senate by Josh Hawley (R Columbia) and Roy Blunt (R Strafford). Blunt was elected to a second term in 2016 over then Missouri Secretary of State Jason Kander.

The 2020 presidential primaries for both the Democratic and Republican parties were held in Missouri on March 10. On the Democratic side, former Vice President Joe Biden (D Delaware) both won statewide and carried Callaway County by a wide margin. Biden went on to defeat President Donald Trump in the general election. Incumbent President Donald Trump (R Florida) faced a primary challenge from former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld, but won both Callaway County and statewide by overwhelming margins.

The 2016 presidential primaries for both the Republican and Democratic parties were held in Missouri on March 15. Businessman Donald Trump (R New York) narrowly won the state overall, but Senator Ted Cruz (R Texas) carried a plurality in Callaway County. Trump went on to win the nomination and the presidency. On the Democratic side, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (D New York) narrowly won statewide, but Senator Bernie Sanders (I Vermont) carried a majority of the vote in Callaway County.

The 2012 Missouri Republican Presidential Primary's results were nonbinding on the state's national convention delegates. Voters in Callaway County supported former U. S. Senator Rick Santorum (R Pennsylvania), who finished first in the state at large, but eventually lost the nomination to former Governor Mitt Romney (R Massachusetts). Delegates to the congressional district and state conventions were chosen at a county caucus, which selected a delegation favoring Romney. Incumbent President Barack Obama easily won the Missouri Democratic Primary and renomination. He defeated Romney in the general election.

In 2008, the Missouri Republican Presidential Primary was closely contested, with Senator John McCain (R Arizona) prevailing and eventually winning the nomination. However, former Governor Mike Huckabee (R Arkansas) won a plurality in Callaway County. Then Senator Hillary Clinton (D New York) received more votes than any candidate from either party in Callaway County during the 2008 presidential primary. Despite initial reports that Clinton had won Missouri, Barack Obama (D Illinois), also a Senator at the time, narrowly defeated her statewide and later became that year's Democratic nominee, going on to win the presidency.