Кулидж қаласы: тарихы, географиясы және экономикасы

City in Arizona, United States

Coolidge is a city in Pinal County, Arizona, United States. According to the 2020 census, the city's population is 13,218. Coolidge is home of the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. The monument was the first historic site to receive protected status by the United States Government in 1892. Coolidge is also home to both Central Arizona College and the Central Arizona Valley Institute of Technology.

The area containing what is now the City of Coolidge was occupied by the Hohokam, an indigenous ancient Sonoran Desert people who built a massive compound consisting many of caliche structures and remained in the area for over 1,000 years. The only remaining and preserved structure from this compound is the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. The modern history of the city is centered around agriculture, particularly cotton. Coolidge was founded in 1925 when R. J. Jones laid out an site during the construction of the Coolidge Dam on the nearby Gila River, which was completed in 1930. Both the dam and the townsite were named for Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States. The dam made the sandy soil native to the area into very rich farmland, and soon vast expanses of desert were plowed and acres of cotton were planted. This is when the area's status as the hub of the Arizona cotton industry was solidified and led to the incorporation of Coolidge as a city in 1945.

Up until the 1950s, the city's economy was completely dependent on mining and cotton. It has since diversified to include manufacturing, regional trade, and services for agricultural producers and farm families. In 2019, Nikola Motor Company purchased in Coolidge and operates a factory for zero emissions heavy trucks, with a production capacity of 2,500 trucks per year.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (13 km2), all of it land. It contains no mountains and is almost entirely flat, lying in a fertile valley located just south of the Gila River. The Sacaton Mountains are visible to the west, and the Picacho Mountains are visible to the southeast. Arizona State Route 87 and Arizona State Route 287 pass through the town, providing connections to the Phoenix metropolitan area, Casa Grande, and Eloy. Interstate 10 is located approximately to the west. Coolidge is 56 mile (90 km) southeast of Phoenix, 69 mile (111 km) northwest of Tucson, 21 mile (34 km) northeast of Casa Grande and 11 miles southwest of Florence. Picacho Reservoir is just 11 mile (18 km) south of town.

Coolidge features a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), typical of the Sonoran Desert. Winters are characterized by abundant sunshine and are typically brief and mild, consisting of daytime highs in the to range. Lows are usually between and , though several freezes occur annually. Rain is infrequent, occurring 2–3 days per month usually following the passage of a cold front. The record low temperature for the city is
Summers are long and very hot, with temperatures of to almost daily from the end of May until September, with temperatures above not uncommon. The record high temperature for the city is Summertime lows are usually above , with occasional periods of lows above Coolidge is affected by the North American Monsoon, which brings brief heavy downpours and gusty winds in the second half of summer. Severe events can sometimes cause haboobs and flash flooding.

As of the census of 2000, there were 7,786 people, 2,585 households, and 1,938 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 3,212 housing units at an average density of
The racial makeup of the city was 57.9% White, 8.3% Black or African American, 5.6% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 23.6% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. 39.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,585 households, out of which 38.5% had children under age 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.44. In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under age 18, 10.4% aged 18–24, 24.4% aged 25–44, 18.9% aged 45–64, and 13.4% who were aged 65 years or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,049, and the median income for a family was $33,536. Males had a median income of $29,159 versus $21,472 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,663. About 20.9% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.9% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, Coolidge had a population of 11,825. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 43.6% non Hispanic white, 7.3% non Hispanic black, 0.5% Hispanic blacks, 3.8% non Hispanic Native American, 1.9% Hispanic or Latino Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% non Hispanic from some other race, 5.0% from two or more races and 42.0% Hispanic or Latino.

The City of Coolidge operates the Cotton Express, which provides local bus service. The City of Coolidge also operates Central Arizona Regional Transit (CART), which provides transportation between Florence, Coolidge, Central Arizona College and Casa Grande. The town was home to a station for Amtrak; it closed in June 1996. The Coolidge Municipal Airport, which has two asphalt runways, is located southeast of the city and had 56,050 aircraft operations in the yearly period ending April 2, 2020. The closest major airports to Coolidge are Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Tucson International Airport. Casa Grande Shuttle provides an airport shuttle to Sky Harbor.