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The name "Sunnyside" originates with the Bragaw family, French Huguenots who had purchased the land in 1713 and named their estate "Sunnyside Hill". Sunnyside was a rural hamlet mostly consisting of small farms and marshland. It was incorporated into Long Island City in 1870, and developed into a bedroom community after the Queensboro Bridge was completed in 1909. A large portion of the neighborhood is six story apartment buildings constructed during the 1920s and 1930s. Sunnyside is located in Queens Community District 2 and its ZIP Codes are 11101, 11104, and 11377.

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Sunnyside was 63,271, a change of 1,324 (2.1%) from the 61,947 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 35.4% (22,424) non Hispanic White, 2.5% (1,588) African American, 0.2% (109) Native American, 24.3% (15,390) Asian, 0%(29) Pacific Islander, 0.6% (395) other races, 2.1% (1,342) two or more races, and 34.8% (21,994) Hispanic or Latino of any race. The entirety of Community Board 2, which comprises Sunnyside and Woodside, had 135,972 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 85.4 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are middle aged adults and youth: 17% are between the ages of 0–17, 39% between 25–44, and 24% between 45–64. The ratio of college aged and elderly residents was lower, at 8% and 12% respectively. In 2018, an estimated 20% of Sunnyside and Woodside residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 51% in Sunnyside and Woodside, about equal to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Sunnyside and Woodside is considered to be high income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying. Sunnyside's residents are also ethnically diverse and include people of Albanian, Algerian, Argentine, Armenian, Bangladeshi, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Burmese, Chinese, Colombian, Dominican, Ecuadorian, Egyptian, Filipino, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Indian, Iraqi, Irish, Israeli, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lebanese, Mexican, Moroccan, Nepali, Nicaraguan, Pakistani, Paraguayan, Peruvian, Polish, Puerto Rican, Romanian, Russian, Salvadoran, Thai, Tibetan, Tunisian, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese and Yemeni ancestry. Sunnyside has a variety of ethnic cuisine, which is showcased during an annual springtime food festival called Taste of Sunnyside where people can sample cuisines from local restaurants. As according to the 2020 census from the New York City Department of City Planning the neighborhood were approximately equally populated by White, Hispanic, and Asian populations with each of them being between 10,000 to 19,999 residents, however there were less than 5000 Black residents.

Woodside, Sunnyside, and Long Island City are patrolled by the 108th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 5 47 50th Avenue. The 108th Precinct ranked 25th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime in 2010. as of 2018, with a non fatal assault rate of 19 per 100,000 people, Sunnyside and Woodside's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 163 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

as of 2018, preterm births are more common in Sunnyside and Woodside than in other places citywide, but births to teenage mothers are less common. In Sunnyside and Woodside, there were 90 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 14.9 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).

Sunnyside is covered by three ZIP Codes. The area west of 39th Street is covered by 11101, while Sunnyside Gardens is located in 11104, and the area east of 45th Street is inside 11377. The United States Post Office operates the Sunnyside Station at 45 15 44th Street.

The Queens Public Library's Sunnyside branch is located at 43 06 Greenpoint Avenue.

There are numerous churches and temples in Sunnyside that support its diverse religious communities. New York Presbyterian Church, located at 43 23 37th Avenue, is historically notable; the original structure was built in 1932 as the Knickerbocker Laundry Factory. Mosaic West Church and Community Center, located at 46 01 43rd Avenue. During the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City, local business owner Sofia Moncayo led a volunteer run food pantry at the church. Islamic Institute of New York, located at 55 11 Queens Boulevard. Queen of Angels Church, located at 44 04 Skillman Avenue. Sunnyside Reformed Church, 48 03 Skillman Avenue, has served Queens for over 125 years.

Sunnyside is served by the on the New York City Subway's IRT Flushing Line, with 33rd Street–Rawson Street, 40th Street–Lowery Street, and 46th Street–Bliss Street in Sunnyside. The buses run through Sunnyside. The area is connected to Manhattan via the Long Island Expressway and the Queens Midtown Tunnel and to Brooklyn via the Brooklyn Queens Expressway. Sunnyside is also known for the former Pennsylvania Railroad (now Amtrak) railyard known as Sunnyside Yard. It is a staging area for both Amtrak and New Jersey Transit trains leaving from Penn Station. The Penn Station Access project will include a new Long Island Rail Road and Metro North train station in Sunnyside at Queens Boulevard along the LIRR's Main Line (into Penn Station) will provide one stop access for area residents to Midtown Manhattan.