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Fair Oaks is a natural, lush foliage town with rolling streets, canopies of trees, located at (38.651254, 121.259279), between Sacramento and Folsom. Fair Oaks is bounded on the south side by the American River, and Gold River, on the north side by the city of Citrus Heights, on the west side by Carmichael, and the east side by Orangevale and Folsom. Fair Oaks has a mix of upscale, custom home pocket areas, few apartments, and is a semi rural neighborhood with easy access to Highway 50. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29 km2), of which, 10.8 square miles (28 km2) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1 km2) of it (4.02%) is water.

Fair Oaks has a hot summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), characterized by damp to wet, mild winters and hot, dry summers.

The normal annual mean temperature is , with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from in December to in July. Summer heat is often moderated by a sea breeze known as the "delta breeze" which comes through the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta from the San Francisco Bay, and temperatures cool down sharply at night. On average, there are 73 days where the high exceeds , and 14 days where the high exceeds ; On the other extreme, there are 15 days where the temperature does not exceed , and 15 freezing nights per year. the Fair Oaks Fiesta and Car Show, and the annual Fair Oaks Chicken Festival each September. The town also has a population of about 200 chickens. The town center also houses the Fair Oaks History Center, which contains the history of the founding and development of Fair Oaks including displays featuring pictures and artifacts dating from the early 1900s, as well as a small collection of early Maidu Indian artifacts. Fair Oaks Recreation & Parks District received a $27 million bond towards the revitalization of the Community Club House, Theatre, and Village Park. Construction is underway and all Village events have been postponed until Summer 2022.

The 2010 United States Census reported that Fair Oaks had a population of 30,912. The population density was The racial makeup of Fair Oaks was 26,479 (85.7%) White, 729 (2.4%) African American, 255 (0.8%) Native American, 1,289 (4.2%) Asian, 57 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 738 (2.4%) from other races, and 1,365 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,954 persons (9.6%). The Census reported that 30,482 people (98.6% of the population) lived in households, 261 (0.8%) lived in non institutionalized group quarters, and 169 (0.5%) were institutionalized. There were 12,838 households, out of which 3,469 (27.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 6,655 (51.8%) were opposite sex married couples living together, 1,298 (10.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 611 (4.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 761 (5.9%) unmarried opposite sex partnerships, and 109 (0.8%) same sex married couples or partnerships. 3,304 households (25.7%) were made up of individuals, and 1,304 (10.2%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37. There were 8,564 families (66.7% of all households); the average family size was 2.84. The population was spread out, with 6,050 people (19.6%) under the age of 18, 2,380 people (7.7%) aged 18 to 24, 6,677 people (21.6%) aged 25 to 44, 10,078 people (32.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 5,727 people (18.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males. There were 13,558 housing units at an average density of , of which 8,605 (67.0%) were owner occupied, and 4,233 (33.0%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 21,038 people (68.1% of the population) lived in owner occupied housing units and 9,444 people (30.6%) lived in rental housing units.

As of the census of 2000, there were 28,008 people, 11,203 households, and 7,842 families residing in the CDP. The population density was There were 11,461 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.04% White, 1.84% African American, 0.59% Native American, 4.22% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 1.78% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.31% of the population. There were 11,203 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.0% were non families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.91. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 29.9% from 45 to 64, and 13.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $63,252, and the median income for a family was $74,864, these figures had risen to $72,636 and $88,630 respectively as of a 2007 estimate. Males had a median income of $52,365 versus $39,138 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $31,874. About 4.6% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.2% of those under age 18 and 2.2% of those age 65 or over.

The community began as part of the 1844 Rancho San Juan Mexican land grant. In 1895, Brevet Brigadier General Charles Henry Howard and James W. Wilson of the Howard Wilson Publishing Company of Chicago acquired rights to present Fair Oaks community, then primarily covered by citrus farms, from California Senator Frederick K. Cox and businessman Crawford W. Clarke. The Howard Wilson company surveyed and mapped the land and began to promote Fair Oaks as one of their “Sunset Colonies.” The Howard Wilson company advertised Fair Oaks as an innovative and growing citrus colony after destructive freezes in Southern California and Florida and a national depression hitting in 1893. Many of the purchasers were professionals and other friends of the investors and the Fair Oaks community was initially composed primarily of businessmen and other professionals, including bankers and engineers. In 1897, 300 permanent settlers lived in Fair Oaks, and purchased land in 5 to 20 acre tracts. Few farmers came to Fair Oaks, causing investment to diminish. This led to the Howard Wilson Company withdrawing from the area. A club of businessmen in Chicago and Sacramento who had an investment (land or fruit) in the newborn colony and Orangevale formed the Chicago Fair Oaks Club in 1899. They lobbied the government and other investors. They also helped in the construction of a bridge in Fair Oaks in 1901. Some temporary dislocations occurred when employment at Aerojet dropped over 90% in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The growth rate still continued, however, because of the increased access to Sacramento by Highway 50 and the construction of the Sunrise Boulevard Bridge in 1954. This allowed both for residents of Fair Oaks to find greater employment in the connecting area and for Sacramentans to relocate to Fair Oaks more easily. The former citrus colony transformed into a bedroom community of greater Sacramento.

Republican Brian Dahle represents the community in the State Senate, while Republican Kevin Kiley represents the community in the State Assembly. In the United States House of Representatives, Fair Oaks is in Fair Oaks is an unincorporated community represented by Republican Susan Peters on the Sacramento County Board of Supervisors. A Local Planning Council, made up of 7 community members, is appointed by the Board of Supervisors to recommend land use decisions for Fair Oaks. These recommendations are then sent to the Planning Commission of Sacramento County. The Sacramento County Sheriff provides law enforcement for Fair Oaks.

Public schools in Fair Oaks are part of the San Juan Unified School District and include Earl LeGette Elementary School, Northridge Elementary School, Orangevale Open K 8 School, Will Rogers Middle School, Bella Vista High School and Del Campo High School. Major private schools in Fair Oaks include Summit Christian School, Sacramento Waldorf School, and St. Mel Catholic School.

Fair Oaks is served by the Sacramento Regional Transit District, and has one light rail stop at Hazel Avenue. Many bike trails are in the area, the largest of which is the American River Parkway Bike Trail.

The Sunrise Ave Bridge is heavily congested in the morning southbound, and in the afternoon northbound from Highway 50.