Лоуренс қаласы: тарихы мен демографиясы

Lawrence is a city in Marion County, Indiana, United States. It is one of four "excluded cities" in Marion County. The city is home to Fort Benjamin Harrison within Fort Harrison State Park. The population was 49,370 at the 2020 census. but other names were tried because there was already another Lanesville in Indiana. The name "Jamestown", in honor of the town's founder James White, was used for a while, but in 1866 the Marion County Commissioners approved the name "Lawrence", which is also the name of the township in which it is located. The name was in honor of Captain James Lawrence, naval hero of the War of 1812. In 1929 the citizens of Lawrence voted to become an independent town, where they first established the town marshal, as well as other parts of government. In 1969, Indianapolis and Marion County adopted a unified government structure known as Unigov. Lawrence is one of four "excluded cities" and therefore retains its own municipal government. Its citizens vote not only for the mayor and council of Lawrence, but also for the mayor of Indianapolis and representatives on the Indianapolis City County Council.

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 46,001 people, 17,864 households, and 11,949 families in the city. The population density was There were 19,515 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 63.2% White, 25.8% African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 5.7% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.2%. Of the 17,864 households 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.1% were non families. 27.6% of households were one person and 8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age was 34.2 years. 28.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.3% were from 25 to 44; 24.9% were from 45 to 64; and 9.6% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The median household income was $54,254 in Lawrence compared to the state median of $48,393. Roughly 31% of Lawrence residents have a bachelor's degree compared to 22.7% of all Indiana residents.

At the 2000 United States Census, there were 38,915 people, 14,853 households, and 10,337 families in the city. The population density was There were 16,292 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 78.58% White, 15.51% African American, 0.30% Native American, 1.80% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 1.86% from other races, and 1.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.73%. In the 2018–2019 academic year there were 16,035 students with a high school graduation rate of 92.7%. Lawrence Township schools offer high ability programs, Advanced Placement (AP and ACP), International Baccalaureate Program, vocational and career education programs, and bilingual programs. The district holds 45 state championships and 5 national titles in various inter curricular competitions. Those titles include championships in basketball (Lawrence North 2006) and marching band (Lawrence Central 1998, 2001 and 2004). The diversity makeup of the district is .05% American Indian, 23.5% White, 45.3% Black, 6.9% Multiracial, 1.1% Asian, .05% Pacific Islander, and 23.1% Hispanic, as of the 2017–18 school year. Lawrence also has a public library, a branch of the Indianapolis Public Library.