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Brookeville is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, located north of Washington, D. C., and north of Olney. Brookeville was settled by Quakers late in the 18th century and was incorporated as a town in 1808. Historically a farming town, Brookeville is now at the northern edge of the densely developed Washington suburbs. The population was 166 at the 2020 census. Brookeville is an affluent residential community, with a large portion of residents employed with the government or related professional jobs. The town is governed by a three person town commission, while surrounding unincorporated areas are administered by the county. Historically, the Brookeville Academy was an important educational institution for the community. In 1883, Sherwood High School opened as a Friends school and became a public school in 1909, serving Brookeville and other nearby areas.

Quakers Richard Thomas and his wife Deborah Brooke founded the town of Brookeville in 1794, and named it after her family. The town was established on land inherited by Deborah Brooke from her father Roger Brooke IV, son of an influential Quaker landholder, James Brooke. At the time, Brooke was the largest landholder in what would become Montgomery County. Thomas set up a mill, along the Reddy Branch, which forms the northern border of the town. a post office, a blacksmith's shop, St. Luke's Episcopal Church, Salem Methodist Protestant Church, and a number of shops. now Maryland Route 97. Brookeville was home to Thomas Moore Jr., who along with Caleb Bentley was instrumental in the creation of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Moore is also credited as the inventor of the first refrigerator, and coining the term. He created a portable contraption to transport butter and other products to sell at markets in Washington. His products commanded a high price, due to the extra freshness of the products at the market. Moore lived near the town, at Longwood Manor, which was built in 1817. Madison continued eastward and arrived in Brookeville on horseback. He reportedly carried with him a strongbox, which contained the entire U. S. treasury. Madison stayed up all night, dispatching orders, while soldiers remained on guard outside. After the British left Washington, they sailed to nearby Baltimore, where they attacked Fort McHenry and were repulsed. Upon hearing that news, Madison returned to Washington. The Oakley Cabin is now maintained by the Montgomery County Department of Parks. A number of other 18th and 19th century cabins still exist on private property in the Brookeville area. During the American Civil War, George B. McClellan sent Union troops (the First and Ninth Corps) through Brookeville, on their way to Antietam. This was one of three groups of troops that came from different directions towards Antietam. The Quakers played an instrumental role in aiding escaped slaves on the Underground Railroad. Nearby Sandy Spring was an important stop. Historians suggest that the Madison House was also used as a stop on the Underground Railroad during the Civil War. Part of the Madison House once served as the town's post office. A false stone wall in the room hid a staircase that descended in two directions, including into a hidden area in the basement where escaped slaves could hide.

In 1910, the Salem United Methodist Church was built to replace a church that had been destroyed by fire, and the church cemetery has been there since the mid 19th century. By 1900, the mills and shops had shut down, and Brookeville remained a residential town. In 1915, the Bentley family sold the Madison House to Roger Brooke, a leader of the Quaker community. The house later changed hands, owned for some time by Elisha Hall, a principal at the Brookeville Academy, banker Remus Riggs, and Gene Archer, an NBC television personality. Brookeville's historic designation has helped it retain historic character.

Brookeville is located in northeastern Montgomery County, Maryland, 3 mile (5 km) west of the Patuxent River and the Howard County border. The town is 2 mile (3 km) north of Olney and 20 mile (32 km) north of downtown Washington, D. C. The Town of Brookeville is formally incorporated, and covers an area of 0.1 square miles (0 km2). The traffic volume on Georgia Avenue is more than the road was designed to handle. Brookeville residents have advocated for a bypass road to be constructed, to take traffic around the town. The bypass road around the town was in the planning stages for some time, since being recommended by county planning officials in 1966. The bypass road will include two roundabouts, one on either side of the town. The project was under construction as of May 2019 and was nearly complete by the fall of 2022. Rachel Carson Conservation Park, located to the north, is undeveloped and has a number of hiking trails. The Triadelphia Reservoir, created by the Brighton Dam, is located on the Patuxent River. The Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission maintains , in and around the reservoir, which are open to the public for recreational purposes. The reservoir is a popular recreation spot that is suitable for fishing, kayaking, and other activities. Mount Zion Park is a small park with playgrounds, ball fields, tennis courts, and picnic facilities. Within the town limits, Powers' Woods Park is a new park that is slated to be located near a recently restored one room schoolhouse.

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brookeville has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.

As of the 2000 census, the town had a population of 120; there were 44 households, out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.8% were non families. 18.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The population density was The racial makeup of the town was 97.50% White, 0.83% from other races, and 1.67% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.50% of the population. The median age was 39 years. The median income for a household in the town was $88,629, and the median income for a family was $93,444. The per capita income for the town was $43,483. There were 7.1% of families and 5.5% of the population living below the poverty line. The population in the Brookeville area is well educated, with 57.6% of those age 25 or older having a college education, which compares to the national average of 24.4%. The median household income is $103,879, compared to a national average of $41,994. Per capita income is $40,540 compared to $21,587 for all of the United States. 76.2% of the population over age 16 is in the labor force. Average commuting time is 35.9 minutes, with 84.1% driving alone, 9% carpooling, 2.3% using public transportation, and 3.1% working at home. Most people are employed in management, professional, and related occupations, with 59.5% in those types of jobs. 19.3% are employed in sales and office occupations, 10.7% in service occupations, 5.7 in construction, extraction, and maintenance occupations, and 4.9% in production, transportation, and material moving occupations. 24.4% of those in the labor force are government workers. of 2010, there were 134 people, 54 households, and 38 families residing in the town. The population density was There were 57 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the town was 88.8% White, 1.5% Asian, 4.5% from other races, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.2% of the population. There were 54 households, of which 33.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.7% were married couples living together, 1.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 1.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 29.6% were non families. 22.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age in the town was 46.3 years. 22.4% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.9% were from 25 to 44; 38% were from 45 to 64; and 14.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 53.7% male and 46.3% female.

Brookeville was incorporated as a town in 1808 and the charter formally issued in 1890. The town commission consists of three members, who are elected for two year terms. Michael Acierno was elected in May 2007 as president of the Brookeville Town Commission. Brookeville is represented in the Maryland House of Delegates by District 14 representatives, Anne Kaiser (D), Pamela E. Queen (D), and Bernice Mireku North (D). Craig Zucker (D) represents Brookeville in the Maryland State Senate. Brookeville is located in Maryland's 8th congressional district, which is represented in the United States Congress by Jamie Raskin (D).

The Brookeville Academy, a preparatory school established in 1814, was one of the first schools in the county. Among those educated at the Academy, include Dr. Henry Howard, who established Howard County, and William Edward Magruder, great grandson of Colonel Zadok Magruder. In 1869, the Brookeville Academy relocated to Merrywood, located on nearby farmland outside of town. The Longwood School for Boys was a private school that was established in 1946 by George F. Kimmell, who had bought Longwood Manor. In 1952, Kimmell leased the school facilities to the Civil Defense Administration, which used it for military training. The school was vacated in 1963, and remained vacant until 1978, when it was converted into a community recreation center. The Longwood Recreation Center is run by the Montgomery County Recreation Department. Brookeville is now part of the Montgomery County Public Schools system, and is served by Sherwood High School, which first opened in 1883 as a Friends school and became a public school in 1909. Most of Brookeville, including the town proper, is located in the service area for Rosa Parks Middle School and Greenwood Elementary School. Some areas, bordering Howard County, are located the service area for William H. Farquhar Middle School and Sherwood Elementary School. Up until 1992, when Rosa Parks Middle School opened, all of Brookeville was within the Farquhar service area.

Maryland Route 97 is the only state highway serving Brookeville directly. MD 97 follows High Street and Market Street within the town limits, becoming known as Georgia Avenue outside of town both to the north and south. After departing Brookeville, MD 97 heads north 10 mile (16 km) to a junction with Interstate 70 and U. S. Route 40 on its way to Westminster, while 12 mile (19 km) to the south, it intersects Interstate 495 before ending at U. S. Route 29 just outside of Washington, D. C. The name "Georgia Avenue" follows US 29 south into the city.