Тарихтан бір күн: маңызды оқиғалар мен жаңалықтар

1661 – The first banknotes in Europe are issued by the Swedish bank Stockholms Banco. 1683 – Manchu Qing dynasty naval forces under traitorous commander Shi Lang defeat the Kingdom of Tungning in the Battle of Penghu near the Pescadores Islands. 1769 – Father Junípero Serra founds California's first mission, Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Over the following decades, it evolves into the city of San Diego, California. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: Light infantry of the Continental Army seize a fortified British Army position in a midnight bayonet attack at the Battle of Stony Point. 1790 – The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act. 1809 – The city of La Paz, in what is today Bolivia, declares its independence from the Spanish Crown during the La Paz revolution and forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo Murillo. 1849 – Antonio María Claret y Clará founds the Congregation of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, popularly known as the Claretians in Vic, in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 1858 – The last apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary to Bernadette Soubirous in Lourdes, France. 1861 – American Civil War: At the order of President Abraham Lincoln, Union troops begin a 25 mile march into Virginia for what will become the First Battle of Bull Run, the first major land battle of the war. 1862 – American Civil War: David Farragut is promoted to rear admiral, becoming the first officer in United States Navy to hold an admiral rank.

1909 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar is forced out as Shah of Persia and is replaced by his son Ahmad Shah Qajar. 1910 – John Robertson Duigan makes the first flight of the Duigan pusher biplane, the first aircraft built in Australia. 1915 – Henry James becomes a British citizen to highlight his commitment to Britain during the first World War. 1915 – At Treasure Island on the Delaware River in the United States, the First Order of the Arrow ceremony takes place and the Order of the Arrow is founded to honor American Boy Scouts who best exemplify the Scout Oath and Law. 1927 – Augusto César Sandino leads a raid on U. S. Marines and Nicaraguan Guardia Nacional that had been sent to apprehend him in the village of Ocotal, but is repulsed by one of the first dive bombing attacks in history. 1931 – Emperor Haile Selassie signs the first constitution of Ethiopia. 1935 – The world's first parking meter is installed in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 1941 – Joe DiMaggio hits safely for the 56th consecutive game, a streak that still stands as an MLB record. 1942 – Holocaust: Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv): The government of Vichy France orders the mass arrest of 13,152 Jews who are held at the Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris before deportation to Auschwitz. 1945 – Manhattan Project: The Atomic Age begins when the United States successfully detonates a plutonium based test nuclear weapon near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1945 – World War II: The heavy cruiser Indianapolis leaves San Francisco with parts for the atomic bomb "Little Boy" bound for Tinian Island. 1948 – Following token resistance, the city of Nazareth, revered by Christians as the hometown of Jesus, capitulates to Israeli troops during Operation Dekel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. 1948 – The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by a subsidiary of the Cathay Pacific Airways, marks the first aircraft hijacking of a commercial plane. 1950 – Chaplain–Medic massacre: American POWs are massacred by North Korean Army. 1951 – King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates in favor of his son, Baudouin I of Belgium. 1951 – J. D. Salinger publishes his popular yet controversial novel, The Catcher in the Rye. 1956 – Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus closes its last "Big Tent" show in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; due to changing economics, all subsequent circus shows will be held in arenas. 1957 – KLM Flight 844 crashes off the Schouten Islands in present day Indonesia (then Netherlands New Guinea), killing 58 people. 1965 – The Mont Blanc Tunnel linking France and Italy opens. 1965 – South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, a formerly undetected communist spy and double agent, is hunted down and killed by unknown individuals after being sentenced to death in absentia for a February 1965 coup attempt against Nguyễn Khánh. 1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11, the first mission to land astronauts on the Moon, is launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida. 1979 – Iraqi President Ahmed Hassan al Bakr resigns and is replaced by Saddam Hussein. 1983 – Sikorsky S 61 disaster: A helicopter crashes off the Isles of Scilly, causing 20 fatalities. 1990 – The Luzon earthquake strikes the Philippines with an intensity of 7.7, affecting Benguet, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, La Union, Aurora, Bataan, Zambales and Tarlac. 1990 – The Parliament of the Ukrainian SSR declares state sovereignty over the territory of the Ukrainian SSR. 1994 – The comet Shoemaker Levy 9 is destroyed in a head on collision with Jupiter. 1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., his wife, Carolyn Bessette Kennedy, and her sister, Lauren Bessette, die when the aircraft he is piloting crashes into the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Martha's Vineyard. 2004 – Millennium Park, considered Chicago's first and most ambitious early 21st century architectural project, is opened to the public by Mayor Richard M. Daley. 2005 – An Antonov An 24 crashes near Baney in Bioko Norte, Equatorial Guinea, killing 60 people. 2007 – An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 and 6.6 aftershock occurs off the Niigata coast of Japan killing eight people, injuring at least 800 and damaging a nuclear power plant. 2009 – Teoh Beng Hock, an aide to a politician in Malaysia is found dead on the rooftop of a building adjacent to the offices of the Anti Corruption Commission, sparking an inquest that gains nationwide attention. 2013 – As many as 27 children die and 25 others are hospitalized after eating lunch served at their school in eastern India. 2013 – Syrian civil war: The Battle of Ras al Ayn resumes between the People's Protection Units (YPG) and Islamist forces, beginning the Rojava–Islamist conflict. 2015 – Four U. S. Marines and one gunman die in a shooting spree targeting military installations in Chattanooga, Tennessee. 2019 – A 100 year old building in Mumbai, India, collapses, killing at least 10 people and leaving many others trapped.

1194 – Clare of Assisi, Italian nun and saint (d. 1253)
1486 – Andrea del Sarto, Italian painter (d. 1530)
1517 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559)
1529 – Petrus Peckius the Elder, Dutch jurist, writer on international maritime law (d. 1589)

1611 – Cecilia Renata of Austria (d. 1644)
1661 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, Canadian captain, explorer, and politician (d. 1706)
1714 – Marc René, marquis de Montalembert, French engineer and author (d. 1800)
1722 – Joseph Wilton, English sculptor and academic (d. 1803)
1723 – Joshua Reynolds, English painter and academic (d. 1792)
1731 – Samuel Huntington, American jurist and politician, 18th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1796)
1749 – Cyrus Griffin, American lawyer, judge, and politician, 16th President of the Continental Congress (d. 1810)
1796 – Jean Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter and etcher (d. 1875)
1821 – Mary Baker Eddy, American religious leader and author, founded Christian Science (d. 1910)
1841 – Nikolai von Glehn, Estonian German architect and activist (d. 1923)
1858 – Eugène Ysaÿe, Belgian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1931)
1862 – Ida B. Wells, American journalist and activist (d. 1931)
1863 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (d. 1910)
1870 – Lambert McKenna, Irish priest, lexicographer, and scholar (d. 1956)
1871 – John Maxwell, American golfer (d. 1906)
1872 – Roald Amundsen, Norwegian pilot and explorer (d. 1928)
1872 – Frank Cooper, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Queensland (d. 1949)
1880 – Kathleen Norris, American journalist and author (d. 1966)
1882 – Violette Neatley Anderson, American judge (d. 1937)
1883 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer and painter (d. 1965)
1884 – Anna Vyrubova, Russian author (d. 1964)
1887 – Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1951)
1888 – Percy Kilbride, American actor (d. 1964)
1888 – Frits Zernike, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1966)
1889 – Arthur Bowie Chrisman, American author (d. 1953)
1895 – Wilfrid Hamel, Canadian businessman and politician, 35th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 1968)
1896 – Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, German biologist and eugenicist (d. 1969)
1896 – Trygve Lie, Norwegian trade union leader and politician, 1st Secretary General of the United Nations (d. 1968)
1898 – Lady Eve Balfour, British farmer, educator, and founding figure in the organic movement (d. 1990)

1647 – Masaniello, Italian rebel (b. 1622)
1664 – Andreas Gryphius, German poet and playwright (b. 1616)
1686 – John Pearson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1612)
1691 – François Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French politician, French Secretary of State for War (b. 1641)
1729 – Johann David Heinichen, German composer and theorist (b. 1683)
1747 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (b. 1665)
1770 – Francis Cotes, English painter and academic (b. 1726)
1796 – George Howard, English field marshal and politician (b. 1718)
1831 – Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, French Russian general (b. 1763)
1849 – Sarah Allen, African American missionary for the African Methodist Episcopal Church (b. 1764)
1868 – Dmitry Pisarev, Russian author and critic (b. 1840)
1879 – Edward Deas Thomson, Scottish Australian politician, 3rd Chief Secretary of New South Wales (b. 1800)
1882 – Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States 1861–1865 (b. 1818)
1885 – Rosalía de Castro, Spanish poet (b. 1837)
1886 – Ned Buntline, American journalist and author (b. 1823)
1896 – Edmond de Goncourt, French critic and publisher, founded Académie Goncourt (b. 1822)

1915 – Ellen G. White, American theologian and author (b. 1827)
1917 – Philipp Scharwenka, German composer and educator (b. 1847)
1935 – Zheng Zhengqiu, Chinese filmmaker (b. 1889)
1939 – Bartholomeus Roodenburch, Dutch swimmer (b. 1866)
1943 – Saul Raphael Landau, Polish Jewish lawyer, journalist, publicist and Zionist activist (b. 1870)
1949 – Vyacheslav Ivanov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1866)
1953 – Hilaire Belloc, French born British writer and historian (b. 1870)
1954 – Herms Niel, German soldier, trombonist, and composer (b. 1888)
1960 – Albert Kesselring, German field marshal (b. 1881)
1960 – John P. Marquand, American author (b. 1893)
1964 – Rauf Orbay, Turkish colonel and politician, Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881)
1965 – Boris Artzybasheff, Ukrainian American illustrator (b. 1899)
1969 – James Scott Douglas, English born Scottish race car driver and 6th Baronet Douglas (b. 1930)
1981 – Harry Chapin, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1942)
1982 – Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician, 1st State President of South Africa (b. 1894)
1985 – Heinrich Böll, German novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
1985 – Wayne King, American saxophonist, songwriter, and bandleader (b. 1901)
1989 – Herbert von Karajan, Austrian conductor and manager (b. 1908)
1990 – Robert Blackburn, Irish educator (b. 1927)
1990 – Miguel Muñoz, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1922)
1991 – Meindert DeJong, Dutch American soldier and author (b. 1906)
1991 – Robert Motherwell, American painter and academic (b. 1915)
1991 – Frank Rizzo, American police officer and politician, 93rd Mayor of Philadelphia (b. 1920)
1992 – Buck Buchanan, American football player and coach (b. 1940)
1994 – Julian Schwinger, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
1995 – May Sarton, American playwright and novelist (b. 1912)
1995 – Stephen Spender, English author and poet (b. 1909)
1996 – Adolf von Thadden, German lieutenant and politician (b. 1921)
1998 – John Henrik Clarke, American historian and scholar (b. 1915)
1999 – John F. Kennedy Jr., American lawyer and publisher (b. 1960)
1999 – Alan Macnaughton, Canadian lawyer and politician, Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons (b. 1903)
2001 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1923)
2002 – John Cocke, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1925)
2003 – Celia Cruz, Cuban American singer and actress (b. 1925)
2003 – Carol Shields, American Canadian novelist and short story writer (b. 1935)
2004 – George Busbee, American lawyer and politician, 77th Governor of Georgia (b. 1927)
2004 – Charles Sweeney, American general and pilot (b. 1919)
2005 – Pietro Consagra, Italian sculptor (b. 1920)
2005 – Camillo Felgen, Luxembourgian singer songwriter and radio host (b. 1920)
2006 – Winthrop Paul Rockefeller, American businessman and politician, 13th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas (b. 1948)
2007 – Caterina Bueno, Italian singer and historian (b. 1943)
2008 – Jo Stafford, American singer (b. 1917)
2008 – Lindsay Thompson, Australian politician, 40th Premier of Victoria (b. 1923)
2011 – Forrest Blue, American football player (b. 1944)
2012 – William Asher, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2012 – Stephen Covey, American businessman and author (b. 1932)
2012 – Gilbert Esau, American businessman and politician (b. 1919)
2012 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian bassist, pianist, and composer (b. 1932)
2012 – Masaharu Matsushita, Japanese businessman (b. 1913)
2012 – Kitty Wells, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1919)
2013 – Talia Castellano, American internet celebrity (b. 1999)
2013 – Alex Colville, Canadian painter and academic (b. 1920)
2013 – Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (b. 1927)
2014 – Karl Albrecht, German businessman, co founded Aldi (b. 1920)
2014 – Mary Ellen Otremba, American educator and politician (b. 1950)
2014 – Johnny Winter, American singer songwriter, guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
2014 – Heinz Zemanek, Austrian computer scientist and academic (b. 1920)
2015 – Denis Avey, English soldier, engineer, and author (b. 1919)
2015 – Evelyn Ebsworth, English chemist and academic (b. 1933)
2015 – Alcides Ghiggia, Uruguayan footballer and manager (b. 1926)
2015 – Jack Goody, English anthropologist, author, and academic (b. 1919)
2017 – George Romero, American filmmaker (b. 1940)
2019 – John Paul Stevens, American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (b. 1920)
2020 – Tony Taylor, Cuban baseball player (b. 1935)
2021 – Biz Markie, American rapper (b. 1964)
2023 – Kevin Mitnick, American hacker (b. 1963)