Теннесси штатындағы Спарта қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

Sparta is a city in and the county seat of White County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 5,001 in 2020. The Calfkiller River flows through the city. Seven sites in Sparta are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Sparta was established in 1809 as a county seat for White County, which had been created in 1806. The city was named after the ancient Greek city state Sparta. Sparta nearly became the capital of the state of Tennessee, as, early in the history of Tennessee, the state legislature voted to choose a location for the permanent state capital. The final vote resulted in a near tie between Sparta and Nashville. Sparta lost to Nashville by one vote. The building is now a state historic site and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Sparta is notable as a place where two renowned airmen lost their lives. Hawthorne C. Gray, an aviation record holder, died in a balloon basket mishap over Sparta in 1927, and Lansing Colton Holden Jr., a World War I flying ace, crashed his plane near Sparta in 1938. Teenagers Erin Foster and Jeremy Bechtel went missing in Sparta in 2000, and were not discovered until February 2022 when scuba diver Jeremy Sides found Foster's vehicle in the Calfkiller River.

Sparta is located at (35.932335, 85.469837), approximately fifteen miles south of Cookeville. The city is situated on the Highland Rim, near the western base of the Cumberland Plateau. The Calfkiller River traverses Sparta north to south en route to its confluence with the Caney Fork several miles to the south. Sparta is traditionally concentrated around its courthouse square along U. S. Route 70 (signed locally as Bockman Way), which connects Sparta with Crossville to the east and Smithville to the west. State Route 111, which traverses the western part of Sparta, connects the city with Cookeville to the north and Spencer to the south. A modern commercial area has developed around the intersection of US 70 and SR 111. State Route 84 winds its away up the Calfkiller Valley, connecting Sparta with Monterey atop the Plateau to the northeast. U. S. Route 70S connects Sparta with McMinnville to the southwest. The Upper Cumberland Regional Airport is 11 mile (18 km) north of Sparta. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16 km2), all land.

Sparta's climate is humid subtropical (Cfa) under the Köppen system, with mild winters and hot, humid summers. Under the Trewartha system, it is a borderline humid subtropical (Cf) and oceanic (Do) climate, supported by the fact that subtropical plants like Southern Magnolia and the occasional Needle Palm can reach their full potential here but struggle much further north.

+Sparta racial composition Race Number Percentage White (non Hispanic) 4,244 84.91% Black or African American (non Hispanic) 236 4.68% Native American 18 0.36% Asian 56 1.12% Other/Mixed 241 4.82% Hispanic or Latino 205 4.1%
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,001 people, 1,697 households, and 1,035 families residing in the city.