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Pearland ('/p//ɛər//l//æ//n//d/ PEARland) is a city in the U. S. state of Texas, located in Brazoria County, with portions extending into Fort Bend and Harris counties. The city of Pearland is a principal city within the [[Greater Houston metropolitan statistical area. At the 2020 U. S. census, the city's population was 125,828, up from a population of 91,252 at the 2010 census. Pearland's population growth rate from 2000 to 2010 was 142 percent, which ranked Pearland as the 15th fastest growing city in the U. S. during that time period, compared to other cities with a population of 10,000 or greater in 2000. Pearland is the third largest city in the Greater Houston area after Houston and Pasadena, Texas.

Pearland had its beginnings near a siding switch on the Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway in 1882. When a post office was established in 1893, the community was named "Mark Belt". On September 24, 1894, the plat of "Pear Land" was filed with the Brazoria County courthouse by Witold von Zychlinski, a man of Polish nobility. At the time Pearland had many fruits harvested by residents. Zychlinski saw the pear trees and decided that "Pearland" would make a good name for the community. In the 1990s, home developers began buying large tracts of land, changing the geography of the city. Former rice fields filled with houses. The historic town center of Pearland is at the intersection of Texas State Highway 35/Main and Broadway. West Pearland has a lot of suburban development, while East Pearland has older houses and, according to Maggie Galehouse of the Houston Chronicle, Pearland's "rural roots still show" in the east side. Pearland's main east–west corridor is Farm to Market Road 518/Broadway. Portions of the city extend north into Harris County, and a smaller portion extends west into Fort Bend County. The city is bordered by Houston and Brookside Village to the north, by Manvel to the south, Almeda Rd/FM 521 to the west and by Friendswood to the east. Downtown Houston is approximately 16 mile (26 km) to the north of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, Pearland has a total area of , of which is land and , or 0.94%, is water.

+Pearland racial composition as of 2020 (NH = Non Hispanic)RaceNumberPercentageWhite (NH)46,13836.67%Black or African American (NH)24,48219.46%Native American or Alaska Native (NH)2460.2%Asian (NH)18,66914.84%Pacific Islander (NH)640.05%Some Other Race (NH)5440.43%Mixed/Multi Racial (NH)4,5603.62%Hispanic or Latino31,12524.74%Total125,828The racial makeup of the city as of the 2010 census was 62.0% White, 16.4% African American, 0.5% Native American, 12.4% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.0% from some other race, and 2.7% two or more races. The Hispanic or Latino population, including persons of any race, was 20.5% of the total population, and non Hispanic whites made up 48.8%. The racial makeup of the city in 2000 was 82.6% White, 5.3% African American, 0.4% Native American, 3.6% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 6.1% "some other race", and 1.8% "two or more races". Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.2% of the population. By 2010, the city became ethnically and racially majority minority. At least 62 languages are spoken in Pearland public schools.

Nearly 60% of the local population claim religious affiliation as of 2020. Christianity is the largest religion in Pearland and the surrounding Greater Houston metropolitan area. Baptists formed the largest Christian group followed by the Catholic Church then the United Methodist Church. Large non Christian religious groups included Islam, Judaism, and eastern religions including Hinduism and Buddhism. St. Helen Catholic Church of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston Houston was established in 1966. Its previous church building had a capacity of 900, it was building a new sanctuary, with a capacity of 15,000 and a cost of $7 million. The expansion plans also added parking spaces and installed a bridal facility. The sanctuary construction was to begin fall 2002 and parking construction was to begin summer 2002. In 2002, 4,000 families were members, and in 2016 this had increased to 6,000, making it the largest Catholic church in Brazoria County. The property includes a K–8 school, St. Helen Catholic School. There is another Catholic parish with property in the Pearland city limits; St. Luke the Evangelist Church maintains the Cenacle Learning Center (CLC) in Pearland, while the main campus is in an unincorporated area in Harris County. New Harvest Christian Fellowship, a non denominational church established in 1999 with 60 members, was established by Keith Anderson. It first held services at Challenger Elementary School before moving into a 100 seat, worship center. On April 7, 2019, it was to convert the previous sanctuary into a youth ministry building and to open a new sanctuary. It is affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention. Shadycrest Baptist Church's previous sanctuary had a capacity of around 270–275. By 2011 it was having a new sanctuary built. The expected cost was $4,700,000. New Hope Church, an independent Christian church, started in Pearland in 1989 with 100 in attendance. As of 2022, the church had grown to five campuses with over 10,000 worshippers. Chabad Pearland Jewish Center is the first Jewish center of worship in Pearland, established by Yossi and Esty Zaklikofsky in 2009. In addition to Pearland, it also serves Alvin and Friendswood. The Sri Meenakshi Temple in Pearland had its property purchased in 1978 and was established in 1979. Pat Turner of the Houston Chronicle wrote that the initial facility "was barely big enough for one person to stand in while performing worship services (pooja)." New facilities were established circa 1995. The Pearland Islamic Center, about 1 mile (2 km) north of Farm to Market Road 518, is a part of the Islamic Society of Greater Houston. It began construction December 2010 with an anticipated completion time of May 2011. It opened c. 2012. By 2016, the leadership was considering expanding the mosque, with June 2016 being the scheduled month of the start of construction. The mosque is on a site.

Pearland was one of two Texas cities to average double digit growth in retail sales from 2004 to 2009, and its retail market was the state's fastest growing over the five year periods ending 2009, 2010, and 2011. Prominent mixed use lifestyle and shopping complexes service residents with national retailers and dining establishments. – Pearland's first free charity clinic named SEVA Clinic. The nonprofit serves as a walk in clinic for primary care cases, such as diabetes, hypertension and other non emergency cases. SEVA Clinic is housed inside the facilities of another local nonprofit serving the city named the Pearland Neighborhood Center and is located at 2335 N. Texas Avenue Pearland, TX 77581. Since 2015, "Wobble before you Gobble", Pearland's largest Annual Health Fair is hosted by the local community. Founded by a local Primary care Physician Dr Vishalakshmi Batchu, this health fair happens around the second or third week of November at Pearland Town Center. The event showcases several big and small healthcare facilities. Free health checkups, screenings, vaccinations, procedures, nutrition, lifestyle, are offered at the fair. Various fine arts clubs from local schools participate in the fair and showcase their talent in forms of singing, dancing, workouts, skits and exercises. Several workout specialists offer workout sessions including zumba, salsa, Bollywood, yoga and many more formats. The event is grassroots in nature, which means, it is organized by residents of Pearland.

Most of Pearland is a part of the Pearland Independent School District. Other portions of Pearland are part of Alvin Independent School District (including most of Shadow Creek Ranch), Fort Bend Independent School District (including some of Shadow Creek Ranch), Clear Creek Independent School District, Houston Independent School District, and Pasadena Independent School District. All schools in Pearland ISD, including Pearland High School and Glenda Dawson High School, serve the Pearland ISD portion of Pearland. The Alvin ISD portion is served by several elementary and middle schools as well as Shadow Creek High School (in Pearland) and Manvel High School (in Manvel). Most of the Fort Bend ISD portion is zoned to schools in Houston: Blue Ridge Elementary School, McAuliffe Middle School, and Willowridge High School. A small area is zoned to schools in Missouri City: Parks Elementary School, Some of the Pasadena ISD portion is served by Moore Elementary School and the rest is served by South Belt Elementary School. One part is served by Morris Middle School and Beverly Hills Intermediate while the other is served by Melillo Middle School and Thompson Intermediate School. All Pasadena ISD residents in Pearland are zoned to Dobie High School (in Houston). The Clear Creek ISD portion is served by Weber Elementary School, Westbrook Intermediate School, and Clear Brook High School, all in unincorporated Harris County. The Houston ISD portion is served by Almeda Elementary School, Lawson Middle School (formerly Dowling Middle School), and Worthing High School (all in Houston).

St. Helen Catholic School, a K–8 Roman Catholic School operated by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston Houston. Located on the grounds of St. Helen Catholic Church, it previously had of space, but by 2019 its space increased to due to an expansion. as of 2019 it had 400 students. is operated by the First Baptist Church and is located in Pearland on Pearland Parkway. It offers grades Pre K–12. Heritage Christian Academy is located in Pearland. First Christian Academy Pre K–12th grade. The Montessori School of Downtown is also an option for children Infant through 5th grade, with two locations in Pearland. as of 2017 Awty International School in Spring Branch, which includes the Houston area's French international school, provides bus services for students to and from Pearland, as does Saint Thomas' Episcopal School near Meyerland, and Saint Thomas High School in central Houston.

The Pearland ISD and Alvin ISD portions are served by Alvin Community College (ACC); the Alvin ISD part is in ACC's taxation boundary. The Pasadena ISD portion is served by San Jacinto College, and the Houston ISD and Fort Bend ISD parts are served by Houston Community College (HCC). The University of Houston–Clear Lake (UHCL) has a satellite campus located within the city.

The Pearland Library at 3522 Liberty Drive is a part of the Brazoria County Library System. As of September 13, 2008 the library was closed for many months due to Hurricane Ike storm damage. It reopened in March 2009.

On December 5, 2011, The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County purchased of land near Hwy. 288 and FM 518 in the Pearland area for a future "Park and Ride" facility. Alan Parker Properties LP represented the seller, Carolyn and Frank Wenglar, in the $3.95 million land sale. Metro, which currently operates 29 Park and Rides throughout Harris County, said that the new facility will give Brazoria County residents another option for traveling to the Texas Medical Center and other downtown Houston destinations. The new facility was scheduled to begin operations in the fall of 2013, but property was given to the city in a cash swap. The city is exploring a private run service or other uses for the property.

Two privately owned airports, Pearland Regional Airport and Skyway Manor Airport, are in the city limits. Both airports allow public use. The land with Pearland Regional Airport was annexed into the Pearland city limits in 2017. The closest publicly owned airport is the Brazoria County Airport, located in an unincorporated area. Commercial airline service is provided out of Houston from William P. Hobby Airport and George Bush Intercontinental Airport, both in Houston.

Pearland is served by State Highway 288 which connects the city to Houston. FM 518, locally known as Broadway, is the main east–west artery of the city. State Highway 35, locally called Main Street and known as Telephone Road, is the main north–south artery of the city. Given the spread out area, SH 288 serves the westernmost part of the city, while SH 35 serves the easternmost part as both connect Pearland to Houston (FM 865/Cullen Blvd also connects Houston as well in between). The Texas State Highway Beltway 8 (Sam Houston Tollway) services the northern part of Pearland. It is located adjacent to the northern Brazoria County and southeastern Harris County border. It also serves as one of the largest tollways in the Houston area.