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Subgenre of heavy metal music

Doom metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music that typically uses slower tempos, low tuned guitars and a much "thicker" or "heavier" sound than other heavy metal genres. Both the music and the lyrics are intended to evoke a sense of despair, dread, and impending doom. a number of bands such as Witchfinder General and Pagan Altar from England, American bands Pentagram, Saint Vitus, the Obsessed, Trouble, and Cirith Ungol, and Swedish band Candlemass defined doom metal as a distinct genre. Pentagram, Saint Vitus, Trouble and Candlemass have been referred to as "the Big Four of Doom Metal".

The electric guitar, bass guitar, and drum kit are the most common instruments used to play doom metal (although keyboards are sometimes used), but its structures are rooted in the same scales as in blues. Along with the usual heavy metal compositional technique of guitars and bass playing the same riff in unison, this creates a loud and bass heavy wall of sound. Another defining characteristic is the consistent focus on slow tempos, For many bands, the use of religious themes is for aesthetic and symbolic purposes only. Examples include lyrics/imagery about the Last Judgment to invoke dread, or the use of crucifixes and cross shaped headstones to symbolize death. Furthermore, some doom metal bands write lyrics about drugs or drug addiction. This is most common among stoner doom bands, who often describe hallucinogenic or psychedelic experiences.

The first traces of doom in rock music could be heard as far back as the Beatles' 1969 track "I Want You (She's So Heavy)". Black Sabbath are generally regarded as the progenitors of doom metal. Aside from Pentagram and Black Sabbath, other groups from the 1970s would heavily influence the genre's development. Blue Cheer is often hailed as one of the first stoner metal bands. Through the use of loud amplifiers and guitar feedback, their debut Vincebus Eruptum created a template for other artists to follow. Though lacking the pessimistic lyrical content of their contemporaries, Welsh heavy metal band Budgie would also produce heavy songs which were amongst the loudest of their day, stylistically influencing various doom metal acts. Led Zeppelin's No Quarter is considered as one of the earliest examples of a doom metal song made by a rock band. Early doom metal was also influenced by Japanese psychedelic rock albums, such as Kuni Kawachi & Friends' Kirikyogen and Flower Travellin' Band's Satori. Bang's 1971 self titled debut is considered an important forerunner to doom metal. Other notable groups include Sir Lord Baltimore, Buffalo, Necromandus, Lucifer's Friend,

During the early mid 1980s, bands from England and the United States The following year, American band Pentagram would go on to release their debut, Relentless. The Swedish Candlemass would also prove influential with their first record Epicus Doomicus Metallicus in 1986, from which epic doom metal takes its name. Some doom metal bands were also influenced by the underground gothic rock and post punk scene of the 1980s, showing similarities with the dark themes addressed through lyrics and the atmosphere both music styles deal with. A doom metal band like Mindrot was often described as a cross over between death metal and gothic rock.

In one of the greatest doom metal outputs, Finnish groups focus more on the depressive mood of the genre, evoking an intense grieving feeling. The bands play with very slow tempos and melodic tones, creating an atmosphere of darkness and melancholia. This scene was kick started by the band Rigor Mortis (which, due to an older US band with the same name, changed their name to Spiritus Mortis), which originated in 1987. Notable bands include Reverend Bizarre, Minotauri,

Regarded as sludge metal's birthplace by AllMusic, The bands of this scene employ some punk influences, like harsh vocals, guitar distortion and downtuned sound. Notable bands include Eyehategod,

This scene formed in the early 1970s and was kickstarted by Pentagram and the Obsessed. Various doom/stoner bands, mostly from Washington, D. C. and its metropolitan area on Maryland and Virginia (thus also being labelled "Maryland doom sound" This scene is also known as "Hellhound sound" for being closely related to the late Hellhound Records, Internal Void, Spirit Caravan, and stoner metal since the 1990s. It is influenced by the geographical origin of grunge music and a sound pioneered in part by the Washington band Melvins. and Aaron Turner project Sumac, among various others.

Palm Desert, California, hosts a thriving desert rock and stoner metal scene, drawing heavy influences from psychedelia, blues and hardcore punk, often featuring distinctive repetitive drum beats, a propensity for free form jamming, and "trance like" or "sludgy" grooves. Because of their integration, the term "stoner rock" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "desert rock". Notable bands include Kyuss, Queens of the Stone Age, Slo Burn, and Brant Bjork.

Black doom, also known as blackened doom, is a style that combines the slowness and thicker, bassier sound of doom metal with the shrieking vocals and heavily distorted guitar sound of black metal. Black doom bands maintain the Satanic ideology associated with black metal, while melding it with moodier themes more related to doom metal, like depression, nihilism, and nature. Forgotten Tomb, Deinonychus, Shining, Nortt, Bethlehem, early Katatonia, Tiamat, with lyrics revolving around themes such as depression, self harm, misanthrophy, suicide, and death. DSBM bands draw the lo fi recording and highly distorted guitars of black metal, while employing the usage of acoustic instruments and non distorted electric guitar's timbres present in doom metal, interchanging the slower, doom like, sections with faster tremolo picking. Leviathan, Examples of blackened death doom bands include Morast, Dragged into Sunlight, Hands of Thieves, and Soulburn.

Death doom is a style that combines the slow tempos and pessimistic atmosphere of doom metal with the deep growling vocals and double kick drumming of death metal. Influenced mostly by the early work of Hellhammer and Celtic Frost, the style emerged during the late 1980s and gained a certain amount of popularity during the 1990s. Disembowelment,

Funeral doom is a genre that crosses death doom with funeral dirge music. It is played at an extremely slow tempo, and places an emphasis on evoking a sense of emptiness and despair. Esoteric, Evoken, Funeral, Thergothon, and Skepticism.

Drone metal (also known as drone doom) is a style of doom metal that is largely defined by drones; notes or chords that are sustained and repeated throughout a piece of music. Typically, the electric guitar is performed with large amounts of reverb and feedback Songs are often very long and lack beat or rhythm in the traditional sense. Boris, and Sunn O))). Lyrics and imagery are typically inspired by fantasy or mythology. Solitude Aeturnus, Solstice, While Heaven Wept,

Gothic doom, also known as doom gothic, is a style that combines more traditional elements of doom metal with gothic rock. Gothic doom bands usually play at slow and mid tempos and employ the usage of instruments that are more related to classical music, alongside traditional doom metal instruments, in order to create darker and meditative atmospheres. the Foreshadowing, Artrosis, Ava Inferi, Draconian, and Type O Negative.

Progressive doom is a fusion genre that combines elements of progressive metal and doom metal. Notable bands include King Goat, Sierra, Oceans of Slumber, and Green Carnation.

Sludge metal (also known as sludge doom) is a style that combines doom metal and hardcore punk. However, some bands emphasise fast tempos throughout their music. The string instruments are heavily distorted and are often played with large amounts of feedback to produce an abrasive, sludgy sound. and Grief.

Sludgecore further combines sludge metal with hardcore punk, and possesses a slow pace, a low and dark pitch, and a grinding dirge like feel. Bands regarded as sludgecore include Acid Bath, Eyehategod, Soilent Green, Black Sheep Wall, Admiral Angry, and The Abominable Iron Sloth. Crowbar mixed "detuned, lethargic sludged out metal with hardcore and southern elements".

Stoner metal or stoner doom describes doom metal that incorporates psychedelic rock and acid rock elements. Stoner metal is often heavily distorted, groove laden bass heavy sound, making much use of guitar effects such as fuzz, phaser, or flanger. Stoner bands typically play in slow to mid tempo, employing the usage of melodic vocals and "retro" production. It was pioneered in the early–mid 1990s by bands such as Kyuss, Sleep, Electric Wizard, Orange Goblin,

Desert rock combines the psychedelic elements of stoner metal with hard rock characteristics. Fu Manchu, Earthlings? traditional doom metal bands more commonly use higher guitar tunings, and do not play as slowly as many other doom bands. Vocals are usually clean with the occasional growl or scream. Reverend Bizarre, Witchcraft, Saint Vitus, and Count Raven.