1912-1914 жылдардағы маңызды оқиғалар

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January 3 – First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender. January 13 – Edward Carson founds the (first) Ulster Volunteer Force, by unifying several existing loyalist militias to resist home rule for Ireland. January 18 – First Balkan War: Battle of Lemnos – Greek admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis forces the Turkish fleet to retreat to its base within the Dardanelles, from which it will not venture for the rest of the war. January 23 – 1913 Ottoman coup d'état: Enver Pasha comes to power.

February 1 – New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, reopens as the world's largest railroad station. February 3 – The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income taxes on all sources of income, not just some. February 9 – Mexican Revolution: "La Decena Trágica", the rebellion of some military chiefs against the President Francisco I. Madero, begins.

April – Bernhard Kellermann's novel Der Tunnel is published. April 5 – The United States Soccer Federation is formed. April 8 – The Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed, dictating the direct election of senators. April 21 – Cunard ocean liner , built by John Brown & Company, is launched on the River Clyde. April 24 – The Woolworth Building opens in New York City. Designed by Cass Gilbert, it is the tallest building in the world on this date, and for more than a decade after.

May 3 – Raja Harishchandra, the first full length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry. May 9–July 11 – A major industrial strike occurs in the Black Country of England, involving 25,000 workers, and threatening preparations for World War I in naval and steel industries. The workers demand 23 shillings minimum wage. May 14 – New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation, which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller. May 24–25 – Adolf Hitler moves from Vienna to Munich. May 24 – Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia marries Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover in Berlin, ending the decades long rift between the Houses of Hohenzollern and Hanover and marking the last great gathering of European sovereigns. May 26 (May 13 O. S.) – Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a 4 engine fixed wing aircraft. May 29 – The ballet The Rite of Spring (music by Igor Stravinsky, conducted by Pierre Monteux, choreography by Vaslav Nijinsky and design by Nicholas Roerich) is premiered by Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, at the Théâtre des Champs Élysées in Paris; its modernist style provokes one of the most famous classical music riots in history. The audience includes Gabriele D'Annunzio, Coco Chanel, Marcel Duchamp, Harry Graf Kessler and Maurice Ravel. May 30 – First Balkan War: The Treaty of London is signed, ending the war. Greece is granted those parts of southern Epirus which it does not already control, and the independence of Albania is recognised.

August 2 – The first known ascent of Mount Olympus in Greece is made by Swiss mountaineers Daniel Baud Bovy and Frédéric Boissonnas guided by Christos Kakkalos. August 4 – Republic of China: The city of Chungking (modern spelling Chongqing) declares independence; Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks. August 10 – Second Balkan War: The Treaty of Bucharest is signed, ending the war. Macedonia is divided, and Northern Epirus is assigned to Albania. August 13 – Harry Brearley invents stainless steel in Sheffield. August 20 – After his airplane fails at an altitude of 900 feet (274 m), aviator Adolphe Pégoud becomes the first person to bail out from an airplane and land safely. August 23 – The Little Mermaid statue is finished in Copenhagen, Denmark. August 26 – Dublin Lock out in Ireland: Members of James Larkin's Irish Transport and General Workers' Union employed by the Dublin United Tramways Company begin strike action in defiance of the dismissal of trade union members by its chairman. August 31 – Dublin Lock out: "Bloody Sunday": The dispute escalates when the Dublin Metropolitan Police kill one demonstrator and injure 400, in dispersing a demonstration. October 18 – The Monument to the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig, Germany is finished. October 19 – The DLRG (German Life Saving Society) is founded. October 26 – Victoriano Huerta elected president of Mexico. October 28–December 2 – Zabern Affair: Acts of aggression by the Prussian garrison at Zabern, Alsace Lorraine provoke political debate across the German Empire. October 31 – The Lincoln Highway, the first automobile road across the United States, is dedicated.

November 5 – King Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumes the title Ludwig III. November 6 – Mohandas Gandhi is arrested, while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa. November 7–11 – The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 claims 19 ships, and more than 250 lives.

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established in Bengal Province (modern day Bangladesh). America Cultural Center is inaugurated in Salta, Argentina. French physicist Georges Sagnac shows that light propagates at a speed independent of the speed of its source. The Camel cigarettes are introduced by R. J. Reynolds in the United States (the first packaged cigarettes). Prada is established as a leather goods dealer in Milan, by Mario Prada and his brother. Astra, as predecessor of AstraZeneca, a healthcare and pharmaceutical brand worldwide, founded in Södertälje, Sweden. The value of world trade reaches roughly $38 billion. Gligor Zisov, a Bulgarian teacher is killed after the First Balkan War.

Halil Salim Jabara, Israeli Arab politician (d. 1999)
Bahjat Talhouni, 4 time Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1994)

November 3 – Sava Grujić, Serbian diplomat, general and politician, 5 time Prime Minister of Serbia (b. 1840)
November 4 – Fredericus Anna Jentink, Dutch zoologist (b. 1844)
November 7 – Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
November 8 – Ferdinand Abell, American businessman (b. 1835)
November 21 – Francesco Acri, Italian philosopher (b. 1834)
November 25 – Haviland Le Mesurier, Australian soldier (b. 1856)