1904-1906 жылдар: Соғыс, революция және жаңалықтар дәуірі

1904 1905 1906

As the second year of the massive Russo Japanese War begins, more than 100,000 die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos leads to the 1905 Russian Revolution against Nicholas II of Russia (Shostakovich's 11th Symphony is subtitled The Year 1905 to commemorate this) and the start of Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland. Canada and the U. S. expand west, with the Alberta and Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of Las Vegas. 1905 is also the year in which Albert Einstein, at this time resident in Bern, publishes his four Annus Mirabilis papers in Annalen der Physik (Leipzig) (March 18, May 11, June 30 and September 27), laying the foundations for more than a century's study of theoretical physics.

February 1 – U. S. Senator John H. Mitchell of Oregon is indicted by a federal grand jury on charges arising from a scandal involving land grants in the state and illegally using his influence for private clients. February 4 – A simultaneous uprising begins at six cities in Argentina against the government of President Manuel Quintana. February 5 – The French ship Anjou is wrecked off of the coast of the uninhabited Auckland Island, located 290 mile (467 km) from the nearest inhabited land in New Zealand. The castaways live on the isle for more than three months until being rescued on May 7. February 6 – Eliel Soisalon Soininen, the Chancellor of Justice of the Grand Duchy of Finland (at this time part of the Russian Empire) is assassinated at Helsingfors (modern day Helsinki). February 12 – The Switzerland national football team plays its first international game, losing to France, 1 to 0. February 16 – Six of the 11 crew of the British Royal Navy submarine HMS A5 are killed by a pair of explosions caused by gasoline fumes in Ireland. February 17 – Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia, the Governor General of Moscow and uncle of Tsar Nicholas II, is assassinated. February 20 – In the Russo Japanese War, the Battle of Mukden begins in Manchuria. February 21 – Sir Wilfrid Laurier introduces a resolution in the Canadian parliament proposing that two new provinces, Alberta and Saskatchewan, be created out of the Northwest Territories. February 26 – Russia sustains a severe defeat in Manchuria at Tsen ho Cheng.

April 1 – The British Imperial Penny Post is extended to include Australia. April 2 – The Simplon Tunnel through the Alps is opened to railway traffic. April 8 – Hundreds of people are killed in Spain in the collapse of a dam holding back a reservoir near Madrid. April 20 – The largest ocean liner in the world at this time, the German SS Amerika is launched. April 23 – German General Lothar von Trotha commander of troops in Germany's colony of Südwestafrika (modern day Namibia), orders the extermination of the Nama people within the colony's borders, ultimately killing 10,000. Von Trotha's proclamation Aan de oorlogvorende Namastamme, proclaimed that "The Nama who chooses not to surrender and lets himself be seen in German territory will be shot, until all are exterminated." April 24 – China's Empress Regent Cixi (Tzu Hsi) abolishes further use in executions of the nation's three most cruel torture execution methods, lingchi ("death by a thousand cuts"), gibbeting (similar to crucifixion, hanging until dying of exposure, thirst or starvation), and desecration of a dying person. April 28 – A tornado strikes Laredo, Texas and kills 100. April 30 – Albert Einstein completes his doctoral dissertation, A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions (submitted July 30 to the University of Zurich).

May 4 –The first world championship of professional wrestling takes place at Madison Square Garden in New York City. May 9 – Upon the death of U. S. social activist Ann Reeves Jarvis In West Virginia, her daughter Anna Jarvis resolves to campaign across the United States for a proposed "Mother's Day". May 10 – In the U. S., A tornado destroys the town of Snyder, Oklahoma, killing 97. May 11 – Albert Einstein submits for publication his paper "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen" ("On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat"), based on his doctoral research, delineating a stochastic model of Brownian motion. May 12 – The Natural History Museum in London unveils its popular exhibit of "Dippy", an exact replica of the skeleton of the Diplodocus carnegii dinosaur. May 15 – Las Vegas, Nevada, is founded when of land adjacent to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks are auctioned to what is now today Downtown Las Vegas. May 22 – Abdul Hamid II, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire establishes the Ullah millet for the Aromanians of the empire. For this reason, the Aromanian National Day is sometimes celebrated on this day. The decision is publicly announced the next day, which is more commonly celebrated. May 28 – At the end of two days in fighting in the Battle of Tsushima, the Russian Imperial Navy has suffered the deaths of more than 14,000 of the 18,000 sailors and officers it had brought to the battle, and all but four of its Pacific ships. The Japanese loss is three torpedo boats and 800 men. May 29 – Brooklyn Superbas pitcher Elmer Stricklett introduces the "spitball" to major league baseball. May 30 – Japan's Prime Minister Katsura Tarō asks U. S. President Theodore Roosevelt to moderate peace discussions to end the Russo Japanese War.

November–December – Russian Revolution of 1905: In the Baltic governorates, workers and peasants burn and loot hundreds of Baltic German manors. The Imperial Russian Army thereafter executes and deports thousands of looters. November 1 – Lahti, the city of Finland, is granted city rights by Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last Grand Duke of Finland. November 4 – The application of the infamous February Manifesto, removing the veto of the Diet of the autonomous Grand Principality of Finland over matters considered by the Emperor to concern Russian imperial interests, is interrupted by the new November Manifesto. The Senate of Finland is ordered to put forward a proposal for parliamentary reform, based on unicameralism and universal and equal suffrage. November 7 – Lawyer and liberal politician Karl Staaff becomes Prime Minister of Sweden, after a Riksdag election based mainly on voting rights reform. November 9 – The Province of Alberta, Canada, holds its first general election. November 12 – Norway holds a referendum, resulting in popular approval of the Storting's decision to authorise the government to make the offer of the throne of the newly independent country. November 17 – The Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905 ("Eulsa Treaty") effectively makes Korea a protectorate of Japan. November 18 – Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway. November 27–28 – The Mataafa Storm buffets the Great Lakes region. Named after the Mataafa, a boat sunk outside of the Duluth Ship Canal, the storm ultimately destroys 29 vessels, leading to 29 deaths and shipping losses of US$ 3.567 million (1905 dollars). November 28 – Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin, as a political party whose goal is independence for all of Ireland.

Pathé Frères colors black and white films by machine. Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer are banned from the Brooklyn Public Library, for setting a "bad example." Alfred Einhorn introduces novocaine. Wolves become extinct in Japan.

Gershon Liebman, French rabbi (d. 1997)

September 5 – Touch the Clouds, Minneconjou chief (b. c. 1838)
September 13 – René Goblet, French politician, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
September 14 – Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, Franco Italian explorer (b. 1852)
September 18 – George MacDonald, Scottish author, poet and Christian minister (b. 1824)
September 19 – Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b. 1845)
October 3 – José Maria de Heredia, French poet (b. 1842)
October 6 – Ferdinand von Richthofen, German explorer and geographer (b. 1833)
October 11 – Isabelle Gatti de Gamond, Belgian educationalist and feminist (b. 1839)
October 13 – Sir Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
October 15 – Mikhail Dragomirov, Russian general (b. 1830)
October 29 – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)

Abdul Wahid Bengali, Muslim theologian and teacher (b. 1850)
Mary Thomas, West Indian labor leader (b. 1848)