Жүйелі есептеулер үшін ашық кодты делдалдық құрал: BOINC

Open source middleware system for volunteer and grid computing

The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced /b//ɔɪ//ŋ//k/ – rhymes with "oink") is an open source middleware system for volunteer computing (a type of distributed computing). Developed originally to support SETI@home, it became the platform for many other applications in areas as diverse as medicine, molecular biology, mathematics, linguistics, climatology, environmental science, and astrophysics, among others. The purpose of BOINC is to enable researchers to utilize processing resources of personal computers and other devices around the world. BOINC development began with a group based at the Space Sciences Laboratory (SSL) at the University of California, Berkeley, and led by David P. Anderson, who also led SETI@home. As a high performance volunteer computing platform, BOINC brings together 34,236 active participants employing 136,341 active computers (hosts) worldwide, processing daily on average 20.164 PetaFLOPS as of 2021 (it would be the 21st largest processing capability in the world compared with an individual supercomputer). The National Science Foundation (NSF) funds BOINC through awards SCI/0221529, SCI/0438443 and SCI/0721124. Guinness World Records ranks BOINC as the largest computing grid in the world. BOINC code runs on various operating systems, including Microsoft Windows, macOS, Android, Linux, and FreeBSD. BOINC is free software released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

BOINC was originally developed to manage the SETI@home project. The original SETI client was a non BOINC software exclusively for SETI@home. It was one of the first volunteer computing projects, and not designed with a high level of security. As a result, some participants in the project attempted to cheat the project to gain "credits", while others submitted entirely falsified work. BOINC was designed, in part, to combat these security breaches. The BOINC project started in February 2002, and its first version was released on April 10, 2002. The first BOINC based project was Predictor@home, launched on June 9, 2004. In 2009, AQUA@home deployed multi threaded CPU applications for the first time, followed by the first OpenCL application in 2010. As of 15 August 2022, there are 33 projects on the official list. There are also, however, BOINC projects not included on the official list. Each year, an international BOINC Workshop is hosted to increase collaboration among project administrators. In 2021, the workshop was hosted virtually. While not affiliated with BOINC officially, there have been several independent projects that reward BOINC users for their participation, including Charity Engine (sweepstakes based on processing power with prizes funded by private entities who purchase computational time of CE users), Bitcoin Utopia (now defunct), and Gridcoin (a blockchain which mints coins based on processing power).

BOINC is software that can exploit the unused CPU and GPU cycles on computer hardware to perform scientific computing. In 2008, BOINC's website announced that Nvidia had developed a language called CUDA that uses GPUs for scientific computing. With NVIDIA's assistance, several BOINC based projects (e. g., MilkyWay@home. SETI@home) developed applications that run on NVIDIA GPUs using CUDA. BOINC added support for the ATI/AMD family of GPUs in October 2009. The GPU applications run from 2 to 10 times faster than the former CPU only versions. GPU support (via OpenCL) was added for computers using macOS with AMD Radeon graphic cards, with the current BOINC client supporting OpenCL on Windows, Linux, and macOS. GPU support is also provided for Intel GPUs. BOINC consists of a server system and client software that communicate to process and distribute work units and return results.

The BOINC Credit System is designed to avoid bad hardware and cheating by validating results before granting credit. The credit management system helps to ensure that users are returning results which are both statistically and scientifically accurate. Online volunteer computing is a complicated and variable mix of long term users, retiring users and new users with different personal aspirations.

BOINC is used by many groups and individuals. Some BOINC projects are based at universities and research labs while others are independent areas of research or interest.

+ Active Projects that have a Wikipedia page Project NamePublications LaunchedStatusOperating SystemGPU App Sponsor Category Research Focus climateprediction. net142 papers 2003 12 09307,359 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS Oxford University Climate change Improve climate prediction models. Sub project: Seasonal Attribution Project. DENIS@home6 papers2015 03 166,111 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOSes, Zaragoza, SpainMedical physiologySimulate electrical activity of cardiac cells Einstein@Home41 papers 2005 02 191,041,796 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android GPU CPU University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Max Planck Institute Astrophysics Search for pulsars using radio signals and gravitational wave dataru9 papers2007 02 106,811 volunteersWindows, Linux Юго Западный государственный университетMultiple applicationsResearch in discrete mathematics and logic control systemsGPUGRID. net53 papers2007 12 0546,874 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOS NVIDIA GPU onlyBarcelona Biomedical Research ParkMolecular biologyPerform full atom molecular simulations of proteins on Nvidia GPUs for biomedical researchIThena. Measurementspaper2019 09 25751 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARMCyber Complex FoundationComputer scienceMap internet nodesiThena. Computational2021 10 31301 volunteersWindows, LinuxCyber Complex FoundationComputer scienceCalculate data from iThena. measurements LHC@home68 papers 2004 01 09178,623 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android, FreeBSD CERN Physics Help construct and test the Large Hadron Collider and search for fundamental particles MilkyWay@home25 papers 2007 07 07250,447 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOS Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Astronomy Create a simulation of the Milky Way galaxy using data from the Sloan Digital Sky SurveyMindModeling@Home6 papers2007 07 0724,574 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOSUniversity of Dayton Research Institute and Wright State UniversityCognitive scienceMaking cognitive models of the human mindPrimeGrid3 papers2005 06 12353,261 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOS GPU CPUIndependentMathematicsSearch for primes such as 321 primes, Sierpinski numbers, Cullen Woodall primes, Proth prime, and Sophie Germain primes. Subprojects include Seventeen or Bust, and Riesel Sieve. frRosetta@home2006 02 155548 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android GPU CPUUniversity of WashingtonMolecular biologyTest project for Rosetta@home Rosetta@home181 papers 2005 10 061,373,480 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android University of Washington Molecular biology Protein structure prediction for disease researchit8 papers2013 12 193,201 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOSUniversity of TrentoGeneticsCurrently deploying gene@home work to expand gene networks Universe@Home14 papers2015 02 2151,651 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, AndroidUniversity of WarsawAstronomyResearch in Physics and AstronomyWorld Community Grid77 papers2004 11 1685,119 volunteersWindows, Linux, ARM, macOS, Android GPU CPUKrembil Research InstituteMultiple applicationsSubprojects: Open Pandemics COVID 19. Clean Energy Project, GO Drug Search for Leishmaniasis, Fight Against Malaria, Computing for Clean Water, Discovering Dengue Drugs Together, OpenZika, Help Cure Muscular Dystrophy, Help Defeat Cancer, Help Conquer Cancer, Help Fight Childhood Cancer, Smash Childhood Cancer, Human Proteome Folding Project, Uncovering Genome Mysteries, FightAIDS@Home, Let's outsmart Ebola together, Mapping Cancer Markers, Help Stop TB. ru9 papers2007 07 1994,236 volunteersWindows, Linux, macOS, Android, ARM, Solaris, Sony Playstation 3 IndependentMultiple applicationsUsing the BOINC Wrapper with existing volunteer projects