Доменная зона .ee: история и современное состояние

Internet country code top level domain for Estonia
ee is the internet country code top level domain (ccTLD) of Estonia, operated by the Estonian Internet Foundation.

. com. ee – companies (incorporated entities) as defined in the Commercial Code. pri. ee – individuals. fie. ee – self employed people (sole proprietors) as defined in the Commercial Code. med. ee – medical/health care institutions. edu. ee – educational institutions and projects. lib. ee – libraries. org. ee – non profit organizations and projects.

The top level domain ee was introduced in 1992 and was operated by EENet until July 2010. The administrator of ee domain was the academic Endel Lippmaa. There was a limit of one domain name per legal entity, and registrations of additional names to protect trademarks were specifically denied because "The domain name has no trademark status". As domains under ee were meant to be an institution's identification on the Internet (like the register code in the commercial register), registration of additional domains in the defense of a trademark or a name form is not possible. Valid registrations were free of charge.

The new order of registration of ee TLD became available on 5 July 2010. Estonian Internet Foundation took over ee ccTLD registry functions from EENet. With the new domain rules, both private individuals and foreigners can register an unlimited number of domains directly under ee. Domain name registration is done on two levels, ee domain registrants are serviced by authorized registrars. Also, payment of registry administration from the state budget was stopped and a fee was established for domain registration. All existing domains registered before the transition had to be re registered during a 6 month transition period which ended on 5 January 2011. Registration services can be done through accredited registrars listed on Estonian Internet Foundation website. Domain disputes are handled by Domain Disputes Committee.

On June 13, 2011, the registration of domains with the dotted letters õ, ä, ö, ü, š and žš, ž was enabled, which covered the entire Estonian alphabet under the ee domain. From March 1, 2013, domains can also be registered for two or up to three years. On July 18, 2013, the tasks of managing the ee domain were handed over to EIS internationally. By the decision of the board of directors of ICANN, EIS was entered into the international database of top level domains as the administrator or sponsoring organization of the ee domain. With the status of a sponsoring organization, all administrative tasks related to the ee domain in front of both the domestic and the international Internet community are concentrated in one institution. On January 6, 2014, EIS, in cooperation with accredited registrars, launched the DNSSEC service a system of security keys that ensures that the user is directed to the web page whose address is entered in the web browser. For example, DNSSEC ensures that entering the web address of your online bank in the address bar of a web browser does not redirect the user to a similar looking page set up by fraudsters to steal data and passwords.

. ee domains can be registered for one, two or three years. From January 1, 2017, the domain registration fee charged to registrars is 6, 12 or 18 euros depending on the length of the registration period. In 2016, the registration fee was 7, 14 and 21 euros depending on the length of the registration period. VAT is added to the fee. The fee for the domain registrant is determined by the registrars. The final cost is also influenced by competition on the market.

Linktree, a social media landing page service, uses the ee domain (linktr. ee). Adventist World Radio, a refugee info and charity service, also uses the ee domain (refug. ee). Shopee, an online retail site, uses the ee domain for its link shortener service (shp. ee).

The new order of domain registering in 2010 was met with great controversy. The relaunch of the registry was at one point delayed to be reassessed. When the relaunch was finalized, the annual fee for a ee domain was announced to be 285 Estonian kroons (18.2 euros) plus tax, which was met with wide criticism. A list of shortcomings was presented in a public notice to Estonian Internet Foundation by Tõnu Samuel and Jaan Jänesmäe, mentioning that the ee domain had become the most expensive TLD in Europe. The NGO Estonian Internet Community was founded partly as a reaction to the controversial domain reform with 22 founding members. Over the following years the annual fee has gradually dropped, reaching 6 euros on 1 January 2017.