События в истории: от Средневековья до XX века.

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in Brazil. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs.

1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D. C., to New York City, the first U. S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.

1905 – During the Russo Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British Chindits, supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U. S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv Athens Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PFLP and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1977 – Constitution for the Federation of Earth, also known as Earth Constitution, was adopted by the second session of the World Constituent Assembly, held at Innsbruck, Austria. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS 4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election, President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

850 – Ibrahim II of Ifriqiya, Aghlabid emir (d. 902)
1350 – Manuel II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1425)
1430 – Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, Lancastrian leader (d. 1475)
1462 – Louis XII, king of France (d. 1515)
1464 – Ernst II of Saxony, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1476–1513) (d. 1513)
1497 – Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick Lüneburg (d. 1546)
1550 – Charles IX, king of France (d. 1574)
1596 – Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein (d. 1655)

1696 – William Pepperrell, American merchant and soldier (d. 1759)
1717 – Louis Guillaume Le Monnier, French botanist and physicist (d. 1799)
1767 – Alexis Bouvard, French astronomer and academic (d. 1843)
1805 – Napoléon Coste, French guitarist and composer (d. 1883)
1806 – Augustus De Morgan, English mathematician and logician (d. 1871)
1812 – Anna Cabot Lowell Quincy Waterston, American writer (d. 1899)
1817 – Louise von François, German author (d. 1893)
1828 – Bryan O'Loghlen, Irish Australian politician, 13th Premier of Victoria (d. 1905)
1838 – Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Indian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1894)
1838 – Paul Mauser, German weapon designer, designed the Gewehr 98 (d. 1914)
1846 – Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish politician (d. 1891)
1850 – Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician and academic (d. 1919)
1850 – Lafcadio Hearn, Greek Japanese historian and author (d. 1904)
1862 – May Irwin, Canadian American actress and singer (d. 1938)
1865 – John Monash, Australian engineer and general (d. 1931)
1869 – Kate Carew, American illustrator and journalist (d. 1961)
1869 – Emma Goldman, Lithuanian Canadian philosopher and activist (d. 1940)
1869 – Hans Spemann, German embryologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
1870 – Frank Rattray Lillie, American zoologist and embryologist (d. 1947)
1872 – Heber Doust Curtis, American astronomer (d. 1942)
1872 – Paul Laurence Dunbar, American author, poet, and playwright (d. 1906)
1880 – Helen Keller, American author, academic, and activist (d. 1968)
1882 – Eduard Spranger, German philosopher and academic (d. 1963)
1884 – Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher and poet (d. 1962)
1885 – Pierre Montet, French historian and academic (d. 1966)
1885 – Guilhermina Suggia, Portuguese cellist (d. 1950)
1886 – Charlie Macartney, Australian cricketer and soldier (d. 1958)
1888 – Lewis Bernstein Namier, Polish English historian and academic (d. 1960)
1888 – Antoinette Perry, American actress and director (d. 1946)
1892 – Paul Colin, French illustrator (d. 1985)
1899 – Juan Trippe, American businessman, founded Pan American World Airways (d. 1981)
1900 – Dixie Brown, British boxer (d. 1957)

1601 – Henry Norris, 1st Baron Norreys (b. 1525)
1603 – Jan Dymitr Solikowski, Polish archbishop (b. 1539)
1627 – John Hayward, English historian, journalist, and politician (b. 1564)
1636 – Date Masamune, Japanese strongman (b. 1567)
1654 – Johannes Valentinus Andreae, German theologian (b. 1586)
1655 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1598)
1672 – Roger Twysden, English historian and politician (b. 1597)
1720 – Guillaume Amfrye de Chaulieu, French poet and author (b. 1639)
1729 – Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre, French harpsichord player and composer (b. 1665)
1794 – Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz Rietberg (b. 1711)
1794 – Philippe de Noailles, French general (b. 1715)
1827 – Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian and academic (b. 1754)
1829 – James Smithson, English chemist and mineralogist (b. 1765)
1831 – Sophie Germain, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1776)
1831 – Konstantin Pavlovich, grand duke of Russia and the son of Emperor Paul I of Russia (b. 1779)
1839 – Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire (b. 1780)
1844 – Hyrum Smith, American religious leader (b. 1800)
1844 – Joseph Smith, American religious leader, founded the Latter Day Saint movement (b. 1805)
1878 – Sidney Breese, American jurist and politician (b. 1800)
1894 – Giorgio Costantino Schinas, Maltese architect and civil engineer (b. 1834)
1896 – John Berryman, English soldier, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1825)

1905 – Harold Mahony, Scottish Irish tennis player (b. 1867)
1907 – Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American educator, co founded Radcliffe College (b. 1822)
1911 – Victor Surridge, English motorcycle racer (b. 1882)
1912 – George Bonnor, Australian cricketer (b. 1855)
1917 – Karl Allmenröder, German soldier and pilot (b. 1896)
1919 – Peter Sturholdt, American boxer (b. 1885)
1920 – Adolphe Basile Routhier, Canadian lawyer and judge (b. 1839)
1934 – Francesco Buhagiar, Maltese politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Malta (b. 1876)
1935 – Eugene Augustin Lauste, French American inventor (b. 1857)
1944 – Milan Hodža, Czech journalist and politician, 10th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1878)
1946 – Wanda Gág, American author and illustrator (b. 1893)
1948 – Dorothea Bleek, South African anthropologist and philologist (b. 1873)
1949 – Frank Smythe, English botanist and mountaineer (b. 1900)
1950 – Milada Horáková, Czech politician, victim of judicial murder (b. 1901)
1952 – Max Dehn, German American mathematician and academic (b. 1878)
1957 – Hermann Buhl, Austrian soldier and mountaineer (b. 1924)
1960 – Lottie Dod, English tennis player, golfer, and archer (b. 1871)
1960 – Harry Pollitt, British politician and Secretary General of the Communist Party of Great Britain (b. 1890)
1962 – Paul Viiding, Estonian author, poet, and critic (b. 1904)
1967 – Jaan Lattik, Estonian pastor and politician, 9th Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (b. 1878)
1970 – Daniel Kinsey, American hurdler and scholar (b. 1902)
1973 – Ida Mett, Belarusian Jewish anarchist (b. 1901)
1975 – G. I. Taylor, English mathematician and physicist (b. 1886)
1977 – Arthur Perdue, American businessman (b. 1885)
1986 – George Nēpia, New Zealand rugby player and referee (b. 1905)
1987 – Billy Snedden, Australian lawyer and politician, 17th Attorney General for Australia (b. 1926)
1989 – A. J. Ayer, English philosopher and academic (b. 1910)
1991 – Milton Subotsky, American English screenwriter and producer (b. 1921)
1996 – Albert R. Broccoli, American film producer (b. 1909)
1998 – Gilles Rocheleau, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1935)
1999 – Georgios Papadopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, 169th Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1919)
2000 – Pierre Pflimlin, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (b. 1907)
2001 – Tove Jansson, Finnish author, illustrator, and painter (b. 1914)
2001 – Jack Lemmon, American actor (b. 1925)
2001 – Joan Sims, English actress (b. 1930)
2002 – John Entwistle, English singer songwriter, bass guitarist, and producer (b. 1944)
2002 – Robert L. J. Long, American admiral (b. 1920)
2003 – David Newman, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1937)
2004 – George Patton IV, American general (b. 1923)
2004 – Darrell Russell, American race car driver (b. 1968)
2005 – Shelby Foote, American historian and author (b. 1916)
2005 – Ray Holmes, English lieutenant and pilot (b. 1914)
2005 – John T. Walton, American businessman, co founded the Children's Scholarship Fund (b. 1946)
2006 – Eileen Barton, American singer (b. 1924)
2006 – Ángel Maturino Reséndiz, Mexican serial killer (b. 1960)
2007 – William Hutt, Canadian actor (b. 1920)
2008 – Sam Manekshaw, Indian field marshal (b. 1914)
2009 – Gale Storm, American actress (b. 1922)
2010 – Corey Allen, American film and television actor, writer, director, and producer (b. 1934)
2011 – Mike Doyle, English footballer (b. 1946)
2012 – Stan Cox, English runner (b. 1918)
2012 – Rosemary Dobson, Australian poet and illustrator (b. 1920)
2013 – Stefano Borgonovo, Italian footballer (b. 1964)
2013 – Ian Scott, English New Zealand painter (b. 1945)
2014 – Edmond Blanchard, Canadian jurist and politician (b. 1954)
2014 – Allen Grossman, American poet, critic, and academic (b. 1932)
2014 – Leslie Manigat, Haitian educator and politician, 43rd President of Haiti (b. 1930)
2014 – Violet Milstead, Canadian World War II aviator and bush pilot (b. 1919)
2014 – Rachid Solh, Lebanese politician, 48th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1926)
2015 – Zvi Elpeleg, Polish Israeli diplomat, author, and academic (b. 1926)
2015 – Knut Helle, Norwegian historian and professor (b. 1930)
2015 – Chris Squire, English musician (bass guitarist), singer and songwriter, member of the rock band Yes (b. 1948)
2016 – Bud Spencer, Italian swimmer, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1929)
2017 – Peter L. Berger, Austrian sociologist (b. 1929)
2018 – Joe Jackson, American manager, father of Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson (b. 1928)
2018 – Liz Jackson, Australian journalist and former barrister (b. 1951)
2018 – William McBride, Australian obstetrician (b. 1927)