Ключевые события мировой истории

41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty. 1327 – Fourteen year old Edward III ascends the throne of England after his father the king is forced to abdicate by Queen Isabella and her lover, Roger Mortimer. 1348 – A strong earthquake strikes the South Alpine region of Friuli in modern Italy, causing considerable damage to buildings as far away as Rome. 1479 – The Treaty of Constantinople ends the 16 year long First Ottoman–Venetian War. 1494 – Alfonso II becomes King of Naples. 1515 – Coronation of Francis I of France takes place at Reims Cathedral, where the new monarch is anointed with the oil of Clovis and girt with the sword of Charlemagne. 1533 – Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn. 1554 – São Paulo, Brazil, is founded by Jesuit priests. 1573 – Battle of Mikatagahara: In Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu. 1576 – Luanda, the capital of Angola, is founded by the Portuguese navigator Paulo Dias de Novais. 1585 – Walter Raleigh is knighted, shortly after renaming North America region "Virginia", in honor of Elizabeth I, Queen of England, sometimes referred to as the "Virgin Queen".

1704 – The Battle of Ayubale results in the destruction of most of the Spanish missions in Florida. 1755 – Moscow University is established on Tatiana Day. 1765 – Port Egmont, the first British settlement in the Falkland Islands near the southern tip of South America, is founded. 1787 – Shays' Rebellion: The rebellion's largest confrontation, outside the Springfield Armory, results in the killing of four rebels and the wounding of twenty. 1791 – The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791 and splits the old Province of Quebec into Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 1792 – The London Corresponding Society is founded. 1819 – University of Virginia chartered by Commonwealth of Virginia, with Thomas Jefferson one of its founders. 1858 – The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn is played at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia, and becomes a popular wedding processional. 1879 – The Bulgarian National Bank is founded. 1881 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company. 1890 – Nellie Bly completes her round the world journey in 72 days.

1909 – Richard Strauss's opera Elektra receives its debut performance at the Dresden State Opera. 1915 – Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates U. S. transcontinental telephone service, speaking from New York to Thomas Watson in San Francisco. 1917 – Sinking of the SS Laurentic after hitting two German mines off the coast of northwest Ireland. 1918 – The Ukrainian People's Republic declares independence from Soviet Russia. 1918 – The Finnish Defence Forces (The White Guards) are established as the official army of independent Finland, and Baron C. G. E. Mannerheim is appointed its Commander in Chief. 1924 – The 1924 Winter Olympics opens in Chamonix, in the French Alps, inaugurating the Winter Olympic Games. 1932 – Second Sino Japanese War: The Chinese National Revolutionary Army begins the defense of Harbin. 1937 – The Guiding Light debuts on NBC radio from Chicago. In 1952 it moves to CBS television, where it remains until September 18, 2009. 1941 – Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese. It becomes the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu. 1942 – World War II: Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom. 1945 – World War II: The Battle of the Bulge ends. 1946 – The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor. 1946 – United Nations Security Council Resolution 1 relating to Military Staff Committee is adopted. 1947 – Thomas Goldsmith Jr. files a patent for a "Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device", the first ever electronic game. 1949 – The first Emmy Awards are presented in the United States; the venue is the Hollywood Athletic Club. 1960 – The National Association of Broadcasters in the United States reacts to the "payola" scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accept money for playing particular records. 1961 – In Washington, D. C., US President John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference. 1964 – Blue Ribbon Sports, which would later become Nike, is founded by University of Oregon track and field athletes. 1967 – South Vietnamese junta leader and Prime Minister Nguyen Cao Ky fires rival, Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Nguyen Huu Co, while the latter is overseas on a diplomatic visit. 1969 – Brazilian Army captain Carlos Lamarca deserts in order to fight against the military dictatorship, taking with him ten machine guns and 63 rifles. 1971 – Charles Manson and four "Family" members (three of them female) are found guilty of the 1969 Tate–LaBianca murders. 1971 – Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president. 1979 – Pope John Paul II starts his first official papal visits outside Italy to The Bahamas, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. 1980 – Mother Teresa is honored with India's highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. 1986 – The National Resistance Movement topples the government of Tito Okello in Uganda. 1990 – Avianca Flight 052 crashes in Cove Neck, New York, killing 73. 1993 – Five people are shot outside the CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia. Two are killed and three wounded. 1994 – The spacecraft Clementine by BMDO and NASA is launched. 1995 – The Norwegian rocket incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after it mistakes Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, for a US Trident missile. 1996 – Billy Bailey becomes the last person to be hanged in the United States. 1998 – During a historic visit to Cuba, Pope John Paul II demands political reforms and the release of political prisoners while condemning US attempts to isolate the country. 1998 – A suicide attack by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam on Sri Lanka's Temple of the Tooth kills eight and injures 25 others. 1999 – A 6.0 magnitude earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000. 2003 – Invasion of Iraq: A group of people leave London, England, for Baghdad, Iraq, to serve as human shields, intending to prevent the U. S. led coalition troops from bombing certain locations. 2005 – A stampede at the Mandhradevi temple in Maharashtra, India kills at least 258. 2006 – Mexican professional wrestler Juana Barraza is arrested in connection with the serial killing of at least ten elderly women. 2010 – Ethiopian Airlines Flight 409 crashes into the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Na'ameh, Lebanon, killing 90. 2011 – The first wave of the Egyptian revolution begins throughout the country, marked by street demonstrations, rallies, acts of civil disobedience, riots, labour strikes, and violent clashes. 2013 – At least 50 people are killed and 120 people are injured in a prison riot in Barquisimeto, Venezuela. 2015 – A clash in Mamasapano, Maguindanao in the Philippines kills 44 members of Special Action Force (SAF), at least 18 from the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and five from the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters. 2019 – A mining company's dam collapses in Brumadinho, Brazil, a south eastern city, killing 270 people.

750 – Leo IV the Khazar, Byzantine emperor (d. 780)
1408 – Katharina of Hanau, German countess regent (d. 1460)
1459 – Paul Hofhaimer, Austrian organist and composer (d. 1537)
1477 – Anne of Brittany (probable; d. 1514)
1509 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (d. 1580)
1526 – Adolf, Duke of Holstein Gottorp (d. 1586)

1615 – Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
1627 – Robert Boyle, Anglo Irish chemist and physicist (d. 1691)
1634 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch politician and diplomat (d. 1688)
1635 – Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (d. 1683)
1640 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier and politician, Lord Steward of the Household (d. 1707)
1736 – Joseph Louis Lagrange, Italian French mathematician and astronomer (d. 1813)
1739 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general and politician, French Minister of Defence (d. 1823)
1743 – Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, German philosopher and author (d. 1819)
1750 – Johann Gottfried Vierling, German organist and composer (d. 1813)
1755 – Paolo Mascagni, Italian physician and anatomist (probable; d. 1815)
1759 – Robert Burns, Scottish poet and songwriter (d. 1796)
1783 – William Colgate, English American businessman and philanthropist, founded Colgate Palmolive (d. 1857)
1794 – François Vincent Raspail, French chemist, physician, physiologist, and lawyer (d. 1878)
1796 – William MacGillivray, Scottish ornithologist and biologist (d. 1852)
1813 – J. Marion Sims, American gynecologist and physician (d. 1883)
1816 – Anna Gardner, American abolitionist and teacher (d. 1901)
1822 – Charles Reed Bishop, American businessman, philanthropist, and politician, founded the Bishop Museum (d. 1915)
1822 – William McDougall, Canadian lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of the Northwest Territories (d. 1905)
1823 – José María Iglesias, Mexican politician and interim President (d. 1891)
1824 – Michael Madhusudan Dutt, Indian poet and playwright (d. 1873)
1841 – John Fisher, 1st Baron Fisher, English admiral (d. 1920)
1858 – Mikimoto Kōkichi, Japanese businessman (d. 1954)
1860 – Charles Curtis, American lawyer and politician, 31st Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
1864 – Julije Kempf, Croatian historian and author (d. 1934)
1868 – Juventino Rosas, Mexican violinist and composer (d. 1894)
1874 – W. Somerset Maugham, British playwright, novelist, and short story writer (d. 1965)
1878 – Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish American engineer (d. 1975)
1882 – Virginia Woolf, English novelist, essayist, short story writer, and critic (d. 1941)
1885 – Kitahara Hakushū, Japanese poet and author (d. 1942)
1886 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor and composer (d. 1954)
1894 – Aino Aalto, Finnish architect and designer (d. 1949)
1895 – Florence Mills, American singer, dancer, and actress (d. 1927)
1899 – Sleepy John Estes, American singer songwriter and guitarist (d. 1977)
1899 – Paul Henri Spaak, Belgian lawyer and politician, 46th Prime Minister of Belgium (d. 1972)
1900 – István Fekete, Hungarian author (d. 1970)
1900 – Yōjirō Ishizaka, Japanese author and educator (d. 1986)
1900 – Theodosius Dobzhansky, Russian American geneticist and pioneer of evolutionary biology (d. 1975)

1907 – René Pottier, French cyclist (b. 1879)
1908 – Ouida, English Italian author (b. 1839)
1908 – Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player and theoretician (b. 1850)
1910 – W. G. Read Mullan, American Jesuit and academic (1860)
1914 – Frank Avery Hutchins, American librarian and educator (b. 1851)
1912 – Dmitry Milyutin, Russian field marshal and politician (b. 1816)
1925 – Juan Vucetich, Croatian Argentinian anthropologist and police officer (b. 1858)
1939 – Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (b. 1870)
1947 – Al Capone, American gangster and mob boss (b. 1899)
1949 – Makino Nobuaki, Japanese politician, 15th Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1861)
1957 – Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman, founded Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (b. 1873)
1957 – Kiyoshi Shiga, Japanese physician and bacteriologist (b. 1871)
1958 – Cemil Topuzlu, Turkish surgeon and politician, Mayor of Istanbul (b. 1866)
1958 – Robert R. Young, American businessman and financier (b. 1897)
1960 – Diana Barrymore, American actress (b. 1921)
1966 – Saul Adler, Belarusian English microbiologist and parasitologist (b. 1895)
1968 – Louie Myfanwy Thomas, Welsh writer (b. 1908)
1968 – Yvor Winters, American poet and literary critic (b. 1900)
1970 – Jane Bathori, French soprano (b. 1877)
1970 – Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese director and producer (b. 1901)
1971 – Barry III, Guinean lawyer and politician (b. 1923)
1972 – Erhard Milch, German field marshal (b. 1892)
1975 – Charlotte Whitton, Canadian journalist and politician, 46th Mayor of Ottawa (b. 1896)
1978 – Skender Kulenović, Bosnian author, poet, and playwright (b. 1910)
1981 – Adele Astaire, American actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1896)
1982 – Mikhail Suslov, Russian economist and politician (b. 1902)
1985 – Ilias Iliou, Greek jurist and politician (b. 1904)
1987 – Frank J. Lynch, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1922)
1988 – Colleen Moore, American actress (b. 1899)
1990 – Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922)
1991 – Frank Soo, English footballer and manager (b. 1914)
1992 – Mir Khalil ur Rehman, Founder and editor of the Jang Group of Newspapers (b. 1927)
1994 – Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician, computer scientist, and academic (b. 1909)
1996 – Jonathan Larson, American playwright and composer (b. 1960)
1997 – Dan Barry, American author and illustrator (b. 1923)
1999 – Sarah Louise Delany, American author and educator (b. 1889)
1999 – Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)
2001 – Alice Ambrose, American philosopher and logician (b. 1906)
2002 – Cliff Baxter, employee at Enron (b. 1958)
2003 – Sheldon Reynolds, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
2003 – Samuel Weems, American lawyer and author (b. 1936)
2004 – Fanny Blankers Koen, Dutch runner and hurdler (b. 1918)
2004 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (b. 1979)
2005 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (b. 1923)
2005 – William Augustus Bootle, American lawyer and judge (b. 1902)
2005 – Philip Johnson, American architect, designed the PPG Place and Crystal Cathedral (b. 1906)
2005 – Manuel Lopes, Cape Verdean author and poet (b. 1907)
2005 – Netti Witziers Timmer, Dutch runner (b. 1923)
2009 – Eleanor F. Helin, American astronomer (b. 1932)
2009 – Ewald Kooiman, Dutch organist and educator (b. 1938)
2009 – Kim Manners, American director and producer (b. 1951)
2010 – Ali Hassan al Majid, Iraqi general and politician, Iraqi Minister of Defence (b. 1941)
2011 – Vassilis C. Constantakopoulos Greek captain and businessman (b. 1935)
2011 – Vincent Cronin, Welsh historian and author (b. 1924)
2012 – Paavo Berglund, Finnish violinist and conductor (b. 1929)
2012 – Jacques Maisonrouge, French businessman (b. 1924)
2012 – Franco Pacini, Italian astrophysicist and academic (b. 1939)
2012 – Robert Sheran, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1916)
2013 – Martial Asselin, Canadian lawyer and politician, 25th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1924)
2013 – Kevin Heffernan, Irish footballer and manager (b. 1929)
2013 – Aase Nordmo Løvberg, Norwegian soprano and actress (b. 1923)
2014 – Arthur Doyle, American singer songwriter, saxophonist, and flute player (b. 1944)
2014 – Heini Halberstam, Czech English mathematician and academic (b. 1926)
2014 – Dave Strack, American basketball player and coach (b. 1923)
2014 – Morrie Turner, American cartoonist (b. 1923)
2015 – John Leggett, American author and academic (b. 1917)
2015 – Richard McBrien, American priest, theologian, and academic (b. 1936)
2015 – Bill Monbouquette, American baseball player and coach (b. 1936)
2015 – Demis Roussos, Egyptian Greek singer (b. 1946)
2017 – Stephen P. Cohen, Canadian academic (b. 1945)
2017 – Robert Garcia, American politician (b. 1933)
2017 – John Hurt, English actor (b. 1940)
2017 – Harry Mathews, American novelist and poet (b. 1930)
2017 – Marcel Prud'homme, Canadian politician (b. 1934)
2017 – Mary Tyler Moore, American actress and producer (b. 1936)
2018 – Neagu Djuvara, Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat (b. 1916)
2024 – Sanath Nishantha, Sri Lankan politician (b. 1975)