Глен-Ков: История и Развитие Города на Лонг-Айленде

Glen Cove is a city in Nassau County, New York, United States, on the North Shore of Long Island. At the 2020 United States Census, the city population was 28,365 as of the 2020 census. The city was considered part of the early 20th century Gold Coast of the Long Island, as the areas along the waterfront were developed as large country estates by wealthy entrepreneurs and businessmen such as J. P. Morgan, Phipps, Pratt, and Prybil. Glen Cove also had manufacturing and a diverse population that worked in industry, local agriculture and retail businesses. Of Nassau County's five municipalities, Glen Cove is one of the two municipalities that is a city, rather than a town – the other being Long Beach on the South Shore. The city was the location of several successful manufacturing facilities in the 20th century. It attracted numerous immigrants from Ireland, Italy, and eastern Europe. More recently, it has been settled by immigrants of later migrations, from Central and South America, and Asia.

Succeeding cultures of indigenous peoples had lived in the area for thousands of years. At the time of European contact, bands of the Lenape (Delaware) nation inhabited western Long Island, the areas of New York and New Jersey around the harbor, and along the coast through present day Pennsylvania and Delaware, as well as along the Delaware River. They spoke an Algonquian language. By 1600 the band inhabiting this local area was called the Matinecock after their location. Glen Cove was used as a port by English migrants from New England and named Moscheto before 1668. On May 24, 1668, Joseph Carpenter of Warwick, Rhode Island purchased about of land to the northwest of the Town of Oyster Bay from the Matinecock. Later in that year, he admitted four residents of Oyster Bay as co partners in the project: brothers Nathaniel, Daniel, and Robert Coles; and Nicholas Simkins. The five young men named the settlement Musketa Cove Plantation, musketa meaning place of rushes in the Lenape language.

In the 1830s, steamboats started regular service on Long Island Sound between New York City and Musketa Cove, arriving at a point still called The Landing. As Musketa was negatively associated with mosquito, in 1834 residents changed the name to Glen Cove; this was said to be taken from the misheard suggestion of Glencoe, meaning Glencoe, Scotland. Glen Cove added population as workers arrived for jobs at the Duryea Corn Starch factory, which operated until 1900. The name Duryea was suggested as a name to replace Mosquito Cove; however, it was later rejected. By 1850, Glen Cove had become a popular summer resort for New York City residents. The Long Island Rail Road was extended to Glen Cove in 1867, providing quicker, more frequent service to New York City. The availability of the train and the town's location on Long Island Sound made it attractive to year round residents, and the population increased. It was unusual in that it incorporated as a city without ever having been an incorporated village. Before the mid 20th century, most of the mansions were adapted to other than residential purposes. Winfield Hall, the former home of F. W. Woolworth, is privately owned. Altogether, five Pratt families owned a total of about in the area. John Teele Pratt's estate (The Manor, designed by Charles A. Platt) is operated as the Glen Cove Mansion Hotel and Conference Center. The Braes, the country estate of Herbert L. Pratt, was purchased by the Webb Institute in 1945. After renovation, it opened the facility in 1947 as an established specialty college for naval architecture and engineering. George DuPont Pratt's estate Killenworth was purchased by the Soviet Union government in 1951 for use by its United Nations delegation. The Russians have used it for decades to house visitors and as a weekend retreat for its UN staff. When in the United States for meetings at the United Nations, Nikita Khrushchev in 1960, then premier of the Soviet Union, and Fidel Castro, then president of Cuba, separately stayed at Killenworth. Like many other suburbs, Glen Cove grew rapidly in population after World War II when new residential developments were completed on former pastureland and farms. Many new residents were second and third generation descendants of eastern and southern European immigrants, and had moved from childhood homes in Queens or Brooklyn. Some African Americans were descendants of slaves from the colonial period, as colonists had used slaves for domestic help and farm labor; others were descendants of migrants from the South who came to New York City and the area during the Great Migration of the first half of the 20th century. Since the late 20th century, immigrants to the city have been generally from Latin America and eastern Asia. A Sikh gurdwara established in Glen Cove draws members from the ethnic Indian population in the area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has 19.2 square miles (50 km2), of which 6.7 square miles (17 km2) is land and 12.6 square miles (33 km2) – or 65.51% – is water. The city is on the North Shore of Long Island, bordering the Long Island Sound. The hills that stretch along the shore are part of the Harbor Hill Moraine – a terminal moraines left by glaciers of the last ice age. Glen Cove is bordered on three sides by the Town of Oyster Bay, and on the fourth by the Long Island Sound.

Glen Cove has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) that was hot summer humid continental (Dfa) until the most recent temperature numbers. The monthly average ranges from 32.7 °F in January to 75.5 °F in July. All months now average above freezing, seven months are above 50 °F, and July and August are above 22 °C (71.6 °F. ).

According to the 2010 U. S. census, Glen Cove had a population of 26,964. In 2000, the city had a population of 26,622 people, 9,461 households, and 6,651 families residing in the city limits; in 2000 its population was spread out at 4,006.0 people per square mile (1,545.7/km2). The 2019 American Community Survey determined Glen Clove's population increased to 27,166. At the 2000 U. S. census, there were 9,461 households, out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non families. In 2000, 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.2% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males. The median income for a household in the city was $89,000 and the median income for a family was $108,000 in 2000. Males had a median income of $61,900 versus $40,581 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,627. In 2019, there were 9,811 households, out of which 20.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, and 52.2% of the city population were female. Glen Clove had an owner occupied housing rate of 52.5% and there was an average of 2.70 persons per household from 2015 to 2019. The city had a median household income of $80,702 and per capita income of $40,703. Of the total population, 13.8% were estimated to live at or below the poverty line.

According to the 2019 American Community Survey, the U. S. Census Bureau determined 54.7% of the population was non Hispanic white, 8.4% Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian or Alaska Native, 5.3% Asian, 2.7% two or more races, and 25.8% Hispanic or Latin American of any race. In 2010, the racial and ethnic makeup of Glen Cove was 74.2% White (59.4% non Hispanic white), 7.2% African American, 4.6% Asian, 10.1% some other race, 3.2% two or more races, 0.4% Native American, and 0.1% Hawaiian or Pacific Islander. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 27.9% of the population. At the 2000 census, the racial makeup of the city was 60.28% White, 26.40% African American, 0.29% Native American, 4.11% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 5.72% from other races, and 23.15% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 20.0% of the population.

Acclaim Entertainment had its headquarters in One Acclaim Plaza, located in Glen Cove. Acclaim bought the three story, , Class A office building in 1994 for $4 million. Glen Cove Creek was channelized in the early 20th century by the US Army Corps of Engineers. Li Tungsten produced tungsten powder and tungsten carbide powder, along with other specialty products. The company was first known as Wah Chang Smelting and Refining Company, and later as Teledyne Wah Chang. Columbia Ribbon and Carbon Manufacturing Company opened a Glen Cove research lab in 1932 and produced blue printing inks, carbon paper and typing ribbon until 1980. Powers Chemco, which made photographic equipment and supplies, was renamed Chemco Technologies in 1987. It was later purchased and renamed Konica Imaging U. S. A., and is today known as Konica Minolta Holding USA Inc. The company closed its Glen Cove factory in 2006 and moved to Michigan. In 1953 and 1958, Pall Corporation established factories to make filtration products. One site was occupied until 1999, the other until 1971, when the building was sold to August Thomsen Corp.

Photocircuits Corporation began manufacturing circuit boards in 1951, and employed 740 workers when it closed in 2007. Another company, Slater Electric, began making electrical wiring devices in 1956. In 1988, Pass and Seymour manufactured electric components using an injection molding process. Formerly, Gladsky Marine operated a marina and marine repair facility along Glen Cove Creek from the early 1970s until 1999. The site was listed by the EPA as a cleanup site. The remediation of semi volatile organic compounds and metals from the facility was completed in 2010.

The Morgan Park Music Festival holds free concerts on Sunday evenings during July and August at the gazebo in Morgan Park. Glen Cove is the headquarters of the American Stamp Dealers Association. Welwyn, the former Harold Pratt estate, is a , densely wooded preserve open to the public. It features nature trails and a variety of habitats, including a wooded stream valley, fresh water ponds and swamps, a coastal salt marsh, and a stretch of Long Island Sound shoreline. More than 100 species of birds and a variety of small native mammals, reptiles and amphibians inhabit the preserve's grounds. It is the site of the Holocaust Memorial & Tolerance Center, which offers exhibits and other educational programs.

As of November 2023, the Mayor of Glen Cove is Pamela Panzenbeck; this position is elected at large.

The members of the city council are elected from single member districts. As of January 2024, the members of the Glen Cove City Council are Grady Farnan, Kevin Maccarone, Danielle Fugazy Scagiola, Marsha Silverman, John Zozzaro, and Michael Ktistakis. />

The city of Glen Cove and its residents are served by the Glen Cove City School District. Children who live in the City attend the Eugene J. Gribbin/ Katherine A. Deasy Elementary schools for grades K 2 (pre k offered at Deasy), Landing/Margaret. A. Connolly schools for grades 3–5, Robert M. Finley Middle School for grades 6–8, and Glen Cove High School for grades 9–12. Finley Middle School was one of ten NASSP Breakthrough Schools. The Glen Cove City School District's "Paired Plan" for elementary schools has the Gribbin and Connolly schools paired, as well as the Deasy and Landing schools. All students from across the city attend joint classes in the central Middle and High schools.

The Oyster Bay Branch of the Long Island Rail Road has three stations within the boundaries of the city: Sea Cliff, Glen Street, and Glen Cove.

Nassau Inter County Express provides service on two routes: N21 (to Great Neck) and N27 (to Hempstead). There is also local service within the city.

North Fork Express offers weekday commuter service between Glen Cove and Manhattan with stops in Midtown and the Wall Street area.

The city has long planned a ferry service direct to Midtown Manhattan. Although initially planned to launch in 2020, the launch of the service has been postponed due to the COVID 19 pandemic and its effect on transportation demand. The city now plans to start service if demand for ferry service returns. The city has put out a survey in 2022 to see if such demand exists.

The United States Post Office at Glen Cove, built in 1932 during the Great Depression, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. The Justice Court Building, the former city court and later city hall and police headquarters, was added to the National Register in 1990.