Краткая хроника событий мировой истории

AD 37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, bestowed on him by the Senate. 193 – After assassinating the Roman Emperor Pertinax, his Praetorian Guards auction off the throne to Didius Julianus. 364 – Roman Emperor Valentinian I appoints his brother Flavius Valens co emperor. 1065 – The Great German Pilgrimage, which had been under attack by Bedouin bandits for three days, is rescued by the Fatimid governor of Ramla. 1566 – The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

1776 – Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco. 1795 – Partitions of Poland: The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, a northern fief of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ceases to exist and becomes part of Imperial Russia. 1801 – Treaty of Florence is signed, ending the war between the French Republic and the Kingdom of Naples. 1802 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid ever to be discovered. 1809 – Peninsular War: France defeats Spain in the Battle of Medellín. 1814 – War of 1812: In the Battle of Valparaíso, two American naval vessels are captured by two Royal Navy vessels. 1842 – First concert of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Otto Nicolai. 1854 – Crimean War: France and Britain declare war on Russia. 1860 – First Taranaki War: The Battle of Waireka begins. 1862 – American Civil War: In the Battle of Glorieta Pass, Union forces stop the Confederate invasion of the New Mexico Territory. The battle began on March 26.

1910 – Henri Fabre becomes the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion, after taking off from water runway Étang le Barre, near Marseille. 1918 – General John J. Pershing, during World War I, cancels 42nd 'Rainbow' Division's orders to Rolampont for further training and diverted it to the occupy the Baccarat sector. Rainbow Division becomes "the first American division to take over an entire sector on its own, which it held longer than any other American division occupied sector alone for a period of three months". 1918 – Finnish Civil War: On the so called "Bloody Maundy Thursday of Tampere", the Whites force the Reds to attack the city center, where the city's fiercest battles being fought in Kalevankangas with large casualties on both sides. During the same day, an explosion at the Red headquarters of Tampere kills several commanders. 1920 – Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1920 affects the Great Lakes region and Deep South states. 1933 – The Imperial Airways biplane City of Liverpool is believed to be the first airliner lost to sabotage when a passenger sets a fire on board. 1939 – Spanish Civil War: Generalissimo Francisco Franco conquers Madrid after a three year siege. 1941 – World War II: First day of the Battle of Cape Matapan in Greece between the navies of the United Kingdom and Australia, and the Royal Italian navy. 1942 – World War II: A British combined force permanently disables the Louis Joubert Lock in Saint Nazaire in order to keep the German battleship Tirpitz away from the mid ocean convoy lanes. 1946 – Cold War: The United States Department of State releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power. 1959 – The State Council of the People's Republic of China dissolves the government of Tibet. 1961 – ČSA Flight 511 crashes in Igensdorf, Germany, killing 52. 1965 – An 7.4 earthquake in Chile sets off a series of tailings dam failures, burying the town of El Cobre and killing at least 500 people. 1968 – Brazilian high school student Edson Luís de Lima Souto is killed by military police at a student protest. 1969 – Greek poet and Nobel Prize laureate Giorgos Seferis makes a famous statement on the BBC World Service opposing the junta in Greece. 1970 – An earthquake strikes western Turkey at about 23:05 local time, killing 1,086 and injuring at least 1,200. 1978 – The US Supreme Court hands down 5–3 decision in Stump v. Sparkman, a controversial case involving involuntary sterilization and judicial immunity. 1979 – A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown. 1990 – United States President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal. 1994 – In South Africa, African National Congress security guards kill dozens of Inkatha Freedom Party protesters. 1999 – Kosovo War: Serb paramilitary and military forces kill at least 130 Kosovo Albanians in Izbica. 2001 – Athens International Airport Eleftherios Venizelos begins operation. 2003 – In a friendly fire incident, two American A 10 Thunderbolt II aircraft attack British tanks participating in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, killing one soldier. 2005 – An earthquake shakes northern Sumatra with a magnitude of 8.6 and killing over 1000 people. 2006 – At least one million union members, students and unemployed take to the streets in France in protest at the government's proposed First Employment Contract law.

1472 – Fra Bartolomeo, Italian painter (d. 1517)
1515 – Teresa of Ávila, Spanish nun and saint (d. 1582)
1592 – John Amos Comenius, Czech bishop and educator (d. 1670)

1613 – Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang of China (d. 1688)
1638 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch botanist and anatomist (d. 1731)
1652 – Samuel Sewall, English judge (d. 1730)
1725 – Andrew Kippis, English minister and author (d. 1795)
1727 – Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, (d. 1777)
1750 – Francisco de Miranda, Venezuelan general and politician (d. 1816)
1760 – Thomas Clarkson, English activist (d. 1846)
1793 – Henry Schoolcraft, American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist (d. 1864)
1795 – Georg Heinrich Pertz, German historian and author (d. 1876)
1806 – Thomas Hare, English lawyer and political scientist (d. 1891)
1811 – John Neumann, Czech American bishop and saint (d. 1860)
1818 – Wade Hampton III, American general and politician, 77th Governor of South Carolina (d. 1902)
1819 – Joseph Bazalgette, English architect and engineer (d. 1891)
1832 – Henry D. Washburn, American politician and general (d. 1871)
1836 – Emmanuel Benner, French artist (d. 1896)
1836 – Jean Benner, French artist (d. 1906)
1836 – Frederick Pabst, German American brewer, founded the Pabst Brewing Company (d. 1904)
1840 – Emin Pasha, German Jewish Egyptian physician and politician (d. 1892)
1847 – Gyula Farkas, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (d. 1930)
1849 – James Darmesteter, French historian and author (d. 1894)
1850 – Kyrle Bellew, English theatre actor (d. 1911)
1851 – Bernardino Machado, Portuguese academic and politician, 3rd President of Portugal (d. 1944)
1862 – Aristide Briand, French politician, Prime Minister of France, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1932)
1868 – Maxim Gorky, Russian novelist, short story writer, and playwright (d. 1936)
1873 – John Geiger, American rower (d. 1956)
1879 – Terence MacSwiney, Irish republican politician and hunger striker; Lord Mayor of Cork (d. 1920)
1881 – Martin Sheridan, Irish American discus thrower and jumper (d. 1918)
1884 – Angelos Sikelianos, Greek poet and playwright (d. 1951)
1887 – Beulah Dark Cloud, American actress (d. 1945)
1890 – Paul Whiteman, American violinist, composer, and bandleader (d. 1967)
1892 – Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
1892 – Tom Maguire, Irish republican General (d. 1993)
1893 – Spyros Skouras, Greek American businessman (d. 1971)
1894 – Ernst Lindemann, German captain (d. 1941)
1895 – Christian Herter, American politician, United States Secretary of State (d. 1966)
1895 – Spencer W. Kimball, American religious leader, 12th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (d. 1985)
1897 – Sepp Herberger, German footballer and manager (d. 1977)
1899 – Gussie Busch, American businessman (d. 1989)
1899 – Buck Shaw, American football player and coach (d. 1977)
1900 – Edward Wagenknecht, American critic and educator (d. 2004)

1687 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch poet and composer (b. 1596)
1690 – Emmanuel Tzanes, Greek Renaissance painter (b. 1610)
1718 – Thomas Micklethwaite, Lord Commissioner of the Treasury (b. 1678)
1818 – Antonio Capuzzi, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1755)
1822 – Angelis Govios, leader of the Greek War of Independence (b. 1780)
1868 – James Brudenell, 7th Earl of Cardigan, English lieutenant and politician (b. 1797)
1870 – George Henry Thomas, American general (b. 1816)
1874 – Peter Andreas Hansen, Danish German astronomer and mathematician (b. 1795)
1881 – Modest Mussorgsky, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1839)
1884 – Georgios Zariphis, Greek banker and financier (b. 1810)
1893 – Edmund Kirby Smith, American general (b. 1824)
1900 – Piet Joubert, South African soldier and politician (b. c. 1831)

1903 – Magdalene Thoresen, Danish writer (b. 1819)
1910 – Édouard Colonne, French violinist and conductor (b. 1838)
1916 – James Strachan Davidson, English classical scholar, academic administrator, translator, and author (b. 1843)
1917 – Albert Pinkham Ryder, American painter (b. 1847)
1923 – Charles Hubbard, American archer (b. 1849)
1929 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet and songwriter (b. 1859)
1929 – Lomer Gouin, Canadian lawyer and politician, Premier of Quebec (b. 1861)
1934 – Mahmoud Mokhtar, Egyptian sculptor and educator (b. 1891)
1941 – Marcus Hurley, American basketball player and cyclist (b. 1883)
1941 – Virginia Woolf, English writer (b. 1882)
1942 – Miguel Hernández, Spanish poet and playwright (b. 1910)
1943 – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1873)
1944 – Stephen Leacock, English Canadian political scientist and author (b. 1869)
1947 – Karol Świerczewski, Polish general (b. 1897)
1953 – Jim Thorpe, American football player (b. 1887)
1957 – Stylianos Lenas, Greek Cypriot member of the National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA) against the British rule (b. 1931)
1958 – W. C. Handy, American trumpet player and composer (b. 1873)
1962 – Hugo Wast, Argentinian author (b. 1883)
1963 – Antonius Bouwens, Dutch target shooter (b. 1876)
1965 – Clemence Dane, English author and playwright (b. 1888)
1969 – Dwight D. Eisenhower, American general and politician, 34th President of the United States (b. 1890)
1972 – Donie Bush, American baseball player, manager, and team owner (b. 1887)
1974 – Arthur Crudup, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1905)
1974 – Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (b. 1905)
1974 – Françoise Rosay, French actress (b. 1891)
1976 – Richard Arlen, American actor (b. 1899)
1977 – Eric Shipton, English mountaineer and explorer (b. 1907)
1979 – Emmett Kelly, American clown and actor (b. 1898)
1980 – Dick Haymes, Argentinian American actor and singer (b. 1918)
1982 – William Giauque, Canadian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
1985 – Marc Chagall, Russian French painter (b. 1887)
1986 – Virginia Gilmore. American actress (b. 1919)
1987 – Maria von Trapp, Austrian American singer (b. 1905)
1992 – Nikolaos Platon, Greek archaeologist (b. 1909)
1994 – Eugène Ionesco, Romanian French playwright and critic (b. 1909)
1996 – Shin Kanemaru, Japanese politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1914)
2000 – Anthony Powell, English soldier and author (b. 1905)
2004 – Peter Ustinov, English Swiss actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1921)
2005 – Moura Lympany, English Monacan pianist (b. 1916)
2005 – Robin Spry, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1939)
2006 – Pro Hart, Australian painter (b. 1928)
2006 – Charles Schepens, Belgian American ophthalmologist and author (b. 1912)
2006 – Caspar Weinberger, American captain, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1917)
2006 – Jerry Brudos, American serial killer, rapist, and necrophile (b. 1939)
2009 – Maurice Jarre, French American composer and conductor (b. 1924)
2009 – Janet Jagan, 6th President of Guyana (b. 1920)
2010 – June Havoc, American actress, dancer, and director (b. 1912)
2012 – John Arden, English author and playwright (b. 1930)
2012 – Ioannis Banias, Greek politician (b. 1939)
2012 – Harry Crews, American novelist (b. 1935)
2012 – Addie L. Wyatt, African American labor leader (b. 1924)
2013 – George E. P. Box, English American statistician and educator (b. 1919)
2013 – Richard Griffiths, English actor (b. 1947)
2013 – Hugh McCracken, American guitarist, harmonica player, and producer (b. 1942)
2013 – Bob Teague, American college football star and television news reporter (b. 1929)
2013 – Gus Triandos, American baseball player and scout (b. 1930)
2014 – Jeremiah Denton, American admiral and politician (b. 1924)
2014 – Lorenzo Semple, Jr., American screenwriter and producer (b. 1923)
2015 – Chuck Brayton, American baseball player and coach (b. 1925)
2015 – Joseph Cassidy, Canadian English priest and academic (b. 1954)
2015 – Miroslav Ondříček, Czech cinematographer (b. 1934)
2015 – Gene Saks, American actor and director (b. 1921)
2016 – James Noble, American actor (b. 1922)
2021 – Didier Ratsiraka, Malagasy politician and naval officer (b. 1936)
2021 – Joseph Edward Duncan, American serial killer (b. 1963)
2023 – Paul O'Grady, English comedian, actor and drag queen (b. 1955)
2023 – Ryuichi Sakamoto, Japanese composer, record producer, and actor (b. 1952)
2024 – Larry Lloyd, English professional football player and coach (b. 1948)
2024 – Mark Spiro, American songwriter, record producer and recording artist (b. 1957)