Ключевые события мировой истории: хроника дат

474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years truce. 44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place on the Ides of March. 493 – Odoacer, the first barbarian King of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, is slain by Theoderic the Great, king of the Ostrogoths, while the two kings were feasting together. 856 – Michael III, emperor of the Byzantine Empire, overthrows the regency of his mother, empress Theodora (wife of Theophilos) with support of the Byzantine nobility. 897 – Al Hadi ila'l Haqq Yahya enters Sa'dah and founds the Zaydi Imamate of Yemen. 933 – After a ten year truce, German King Henry the Fowler defeats a Hungarian army at the Battle of Riade near the Unstrut river. 1311 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece. 1564 – Mughal Emperor Akbar abolishes the jizya tax on non Muslim subjects.

1672 – King Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, granting limited religious freedom to all Christians. 1783 – In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful, and the threatened coup d'état never takes place. 1820 – Maine is admitted as the twenty third U. S. state. 1823 – Sailor Benjamin Morrell erroneously reported the existence of the island of New South Greenland near Antarctica. 1848 – A revolution breaks out in Hungary, and the Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the reform party. 1874 – France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina. 1875 – Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States. 1877 – First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia. 1888 – Start of the Anglo Tibetan War of 1888.

1907 – The first parliamentary elections of Finland (at the time the Grand Duchy of Finland) are held. 1917 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates the Russian throne, ending the 304 year Romanov dynasty. 1918 – Finnish Civil War: The battle of Tampere begins. 1919 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The Kontrrazvedka is established as the counterintelligence division of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine. 1919 – The American Legion is founded. 1921 – Talaat Pasha, former Grand Vizir of the Ottoman Empire and chief architect of the Armenian genocide is assassinated in Berlin by a 23 year old Armenian, Soghomon Tehlirian. 1922 – After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt. 1927 – The first Women's Boat Race between the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge takes place on The Isis in Oxford. 1939 – Germany occupies Czechoslovakia. 1939 – Carpatho Ukraine declares itself an independent republic, but is annexed by Hungary the next day. 1943 – World War II: Third Battle of Kharkiv: The Germans retake the city of Kharkiv from the Soviet armies. 1951 – Iranian oil industry is nationalized. 1961 – At the 1961 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference, South Africa announces that it will withdraw from the Commonwealth when the South African Constitution of 1961 comes into effect. 1965 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, responding to the Selma crisis, tells U. S. Congress "We shall overcome" while advocating the Voting Rights Act. 1974 – Fifteen people are killed when Sterling Airways Flight 901, a Sud Aviation Caravelle, catches fire following a landing gear collapse at Mehrabad International Airport in Tehran, Iran. 1978 – Somalia and Ethiopia signed a truce to end the Ethio Somali War. 1986 – Collapse of Hotel New World: Thirty three people die when the Hotel New World in Singapore collapses. 1990 – Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first President of the Soviet Union. 1991 – Cold War: The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany comes into effect, granting full sovereignty to the Federal Republic of Germany. 2008 – Stockpiles of obsolete ammunition explode at an ex military ammunition depot in the village of Gërdec, Albania, killing 26 people. 2011 – Beginning of the Syrian Civil War. 2019 – Fifty one people are killed in the Christchurch mosque shootings. 2019 – Beginning of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests. 2019 – Approximately 1.4 million young people in 123 countries go on strike to protest climate change. 2022 – The 2022 Sri Lankan protests begins amidst Sri Lanka's economic collapse.

1493 – Anne de Montmorency, French captain and diplomat (d. 1567)
1516 – Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (d. 1550)
1582 – Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (d. 1645)
1591 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French missionary (d. 1660)

1638 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661)
1666 – George Bähr, German architect, designed the Dresden Frauenkirche (d. 1738)
1754 – Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)
1767 – Andrew Jackson, American general, judge, and politician, 7th President of the United States (d. 1845)
1779 – William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
1790 – Ludwig Immanuel Magnus, German mathematician and academic (d. 1861)
1791 – Charles Knight, English author and publisher (d. 1873)
1809 – Joseph Jenkins Roberts, American Liberian historian and politician, 1st President of Liberia (d. 1876)
1813 – John Snow, English physician and epidemiologist (d. 1858)
1821 – Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian physicist and chemist (d. 1895)
1821 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian and author (d. 1892)
1824 – Jules Chevalier, French priest, founded the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart (d. 1907)
1830 – Paul Heyse, German author, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
1830 – Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (d. 1905)
1831 – Saint Daniele Comboni, Italian missionary and saint (d. 1881)
1835 – Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1916)
1838 – Karl Davydov, Russian cellist, composer, and conductor (d. 1889)
1851 – John Sebastian Little, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1916)
1851 – William Mitchell Ramsay, Scottish archaeologist and scholar (d. 1939)
1852 – Augusta, Lady Gregory, Anglo Irish landowner, playwright, and translator (d. 1932)
1854 – Emil von Behring, German physiologist and physician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
1857 – Christian Michelsen, Norwegian businessman and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1925)
1858 – Liberty Hyde Bailey, American botanist and academic, co founded the American Society for Horticultural Science (d. 1954)
1866 – Matthew Charlton, Australian miner and politician (d. 1948)
1868 – Grace Chisholm Young, English mathematician (d. 1944)
1869 – Stanisław Wojciechowski, Polish scholar and politician, President of the Republic of Poland (d. 1953)
1874 – Harold L. Ickes, American journalist and politician, United States Secretary of the Interior (d. 1952)
1878 – Reza Shah, Iranian Shah (d. 1944)
1879 – Benjamin R. Jacobs, American biochemist (d. 1963)
1886 – Gerda Wegener, Danish artist (d. 1940)
1897 – Jackson Scholz, American runner (d. 1986)
1900 – Gilberto Freyre, Brazilian sociologist, anthropologist, historian and writer (d. 1987)

1673 – Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)
1711 – Eusebio Kino, Italian priest and missionary (b. 1645)
1820 – Clement Mary Hofbauer, Austrian priest and saint (b. 1751)
1842 – Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer and theorist (b. 1760)
1848 – Johan Jakob Nervander, Finnish poet, physicist and meteorologist (b. 1805)
1891 – Joseph Bazalgette, English engineer and academic (b. 1819)
1897 – James Joseph Sylvester, English mathematician and academic (b. 1814)
1898 – Henry Bessemer, English engineer and businessman (b. 1813)

1921 – Talaat Pasha, Ottoman politician, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1874)
1927 – Hector Rason, English Australian politician, 7th Premier of Western Australia (b. 1858)
1937 – H. P. Lovecraft, American short story writer, editor, and novelist (b. 1890)
1941 – Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian German painter (b. 1864)
1942 – Rachel Field, American author and poet (b. 1894)
1948 – Imanuel Lauster, German engineer (b. 1873)
1959 – Lester Young, American saxophonist and clarinet player (b. 1909)
1962 – Arthur Compton, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
1966 – Abe Saperstein, American basketball player and coach (b. 1902)
1969 – Miles Malleson, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1888)
1970 – Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian author and poet (b. 1897)
1975 – Aristotle Onassis, Greek Argentinian businessman (b. 1906)
1977 – Hubert Aquin, Canadian author and activist (b. 1929)
1977 – Antonino Rocca, Italian American wrestler and referee (b. 1921)
1981 – René Clair, French director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
1983 – Rebecca West, English author and critic (b. 1892)
1988 – Dmitri Polyakov, Ukrainian general and spy (b. 1921)
1990 – Farzad Bazoft, Iranian English journalist (b. 1958)
1990 – Tom Harmon, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1919)
1991 – Bud Freeman, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1906)
1997 – Gail Davis, American actress (b. 1925)
1997 – Victor Vasarely, Hungarian French painter (b. 1906)
1998 – Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician and author (b. 1903)
2001 – Ann Sothern, American actress and singer (b. 1909)
2003 – Thora Hird, English actress (b. 1911)
2003 – Paul Stojanovich, American television producer, created World's Wildest Police Videos (b. 1955)
2004 – Philippe Lemaire, French actor (b. 1927)
2004 – Bill Pickering, New Zealand American scientist and engineer (b. 1910)
2004 – John Pople, English American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)
2005 – Otar Korkia, Georgian basketball player (b. 1923)
2006 – Georgios Rallis, Greek lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1918)
2006 – Red Storey, Canadian football player and referee (b. 1918)
2007 – Charles Harrelson, American murderer (b. 1938)
2007 – Stuart Rosenberg, American director and producer (b. 1927)
2008 – Mikey Dread, Jamaican singer songwriter and producer (b. 1954)
2008 – G. David Low, American astronaut and engineer (b. 1956)
2008 – Sarla Thakral, First Indian woman to earn a pilot's license. (b. 1914)
2009 – Ron Silver, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1946)
2010 – Kazim al Samawi, Iraqi poet (b. 1925)
2011 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (b. 1969)
2011 – Smiley Culture, English singer and DJ (b. 1963)
2012 – Mervyn Davies, Welsh rugby player (b. 1946)
2012 – Dave Philley, American baseball player and manager (b. 1920)
2013 – Booth Gardner, American businessman and politician, Governor of Washington (b. 1936)
2013 – Terry Lightfoot, English clarinet player (b. 1935)
2013 – Leverne McDonnell, Australian actress (b. 1963)
2013 – Peter Worsley, English sociologist (b. 1924)
2014 – Scott Asheton, American drummer (b. 1949)
2014 – David Brenner, American comedian, actor, and author (b. 1936)
2014 – Bo Callaway, American soldier and politician, United States Secretary of the Army (b. 1927)
2014 – Clarissa Dickson Wright, English chef, author, and television personality (b. 1947)
2015 – Collins Chabane, South African politician (b. 1960)
2015 – Robert Clatworthy, English sculptor and educator (b. 1928)
2015 – Sally Forrest, American actress and dancer (b. 1928)
2015 – Curtis Gans, American political scientist and author (b. 1937)
2015 – Mike Porcaro, American bass player (b. 1955)
2016 – Sylvia Anderson, English voice actress and television and film producer (b. 1927)
2016 – Asa Briggs, English historian and academic (b. 1921)
2016 – Seru Rabeni, Fijian rugby player (b. 1978)
2019 – Larry DiTillio, American film and TV series writer (b. 1948)
2020 – Vittorio Gregotti, Italian architect (b. 1927)
2022 – Barbara Maier Gustern, American vocal coach and singer (b. 1935)