События мировой истории: от средневековья до конца XIX века.

1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time the seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancona by the forces of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. 1355 – King Tvrtko I of Bosnia writes In castro nostro Vizoka vocatum from the Old town of Visoki. 1449 – Tumu Crisis: The Mongols capture the Emperor of China. 1529 – The Spanish fort of Sancti Spiritu, the first one built in modern Argentina, is destroyed by indigenous people. 1532 – Lady Anne Boleyn is made Marquess of Pembroke by her fiancé, King Henry VIII of England.

1604 – Adi Granth, now known as Guru Granth Sahib, the holy scripture of Sikhs, is first installed at Harmandir Sahib. 1610 – Claudio Monteverdi's musical work Vespro della Beata Vergine (Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) is first published, printed in Venice and dedicated to Pope Paul V.
1644 – Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause. 1645 – English Civil War. Scottish Covenanter forces abandon their month long Siege of Hereford, a Cavalier stronghold, on news of Royalist victories in Scotland. 1715 – At the age of five, Louis XV becomes king of France in succession to his great grandfather, King Louis XIV. 1763 – Catherine II of Russia endorses Ivan Betskoy's plans for a Foundling Home in Moscow. 1772 – The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is founded in San Luis Obispo, California. 1774 – Massachusetts Bay colonists rise up in the bloodless Powder Alarm. 1804 – 3 Juno, one of the largest asteroids in the Main Belt, is discovered by the German astronomer Karl Ludwig Harding. 1831 – The Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic. 1836 – Narcissa Whitman, one of the first English speaking white women to settle west of the Rocky Mountains, arrives at Walla Walla, Washington. 1838 – Saint Andrew's Scots School, the oldest school of British origin in South America, is established. 1862 – American Civil War: Battle of Chantilly: Confederate Army troops defeat a group of retreating Union Army troops in Chantilly, Virginia. 1864 – American Civil War: The Confederate Army General John Bell Hood orders the evacuation of Atlanta, ending a four month siege by General William Tecumseh Sherman. 1870 – Franco Prussian War: The Battle of Sedan is fought, resulting in a decisive Prussian victory. 1873 – Cetshwayo ascends to the throne as king of the Zulu nation following the death of his father Mpande. 1878 – Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company. 1880 – The army of Mohammad Ayub Khan is routed by the British at the Battle of Kandahar, ending the Second Anglo Afghan War. 1894 – Over 400 people die in the Great Hinckley Fire, a forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota. 1897 – The Tremont Street Subway in Boston opens, becoming the first underground rapid transit system in North America.

1923 – The Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing about 105,000 people. 1939 – World War II: Germany and Slovakia invade Poland, beginning the European phase of World War II. 1939 – J. Robert Oppenheimer and his student Hartland Snyder publish the Oppenheimer–Snyder model, proving for the first time in contemporary physics how black holes could develop. 1944 – World War II: Launch of Operation Ratweek, complicating German retreat. 1961 – TWA Flight 529 crashed shortly after takeoff from Midway Airport in Chicago, killing all 78 people on board. At the time, it was the deadliest single plane disaster in U. S. history. 1967 – Six Day War: The Khartoum Resolution is issued at the Arab Summit, and eight countries adopt the "three 'no's against Israel". 1969 – A coup in Libya brings Muammar Gaddafi to power. 1973 – A 76 hour multinational rescue effort in the Celtic Sea resulted in the Rescue of Roger Mallinson and Roger Chapman. 1974 – The SR 71 Blackbird sets (and holds) the record for flying from New York to London in the time of one hour, 54 minutes and 56.4 seconds at a speed of 1981 – Central African President David Dacko is ousted from power in a bloodless military coup led by General André Kolingba. 1982 – The United States Air Force Space Command is founded. 1983 – Cold War: Korean Air Lines Flight 007 is shot down by a Soviet jet fighter after the commercial aircraft strayed into Soviet airspace, killing all 269 on board, including Congressman Lawrence McDonald. 2004 – The Beslan school siege begins when armed terrorists take schoolchildren and school staff hostage in North Ossetia, Russia; by the end of the siege, three days later, more than 385 people are dead (including hostages, other civilians, security personnel and terrorists). 2008 – Iraq War: The United States Armed Forces transfers control of Anbar Province to the Iraqi Armed Forces. 2022 – Physicians at AdventHealth Central Florida Division developed a new five hour test for brain eating amoebas.

948 – Jing Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 982)
1145 – Ibn Jubayr, Arab geographer and poet (d. 1217)
1288 – Elizabeth Richeza of Poland (d. 1335)
1341 – Frederick III the Simple, King of Sicily (d. 1377)
1453 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general (d. 1515)
1477 – Bartolomeo Fanfulla, Italian mercenary (d. 1525)
1561 – Gervase Helwys, English murderer (d. 1615)
1566 – Edward Alleyn, English actor and major figure of the Elizabethan theatre; founder of Dulwich College and Alleyn's School (d. 1626)
1577 – Scipione Borghese, Italian cardinal and art collector (d. 1633)
1579 – John Frederick of Holstein Gottorp, Prince Bishop, Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1634)
1588 – Henri, Prince of Condé (d. 1646)
1592 – Maria Angela Astorch, Spanish mystic and saint (d. 1665)

1606 – Nicholas Slanning, English politician (d. 1643)
1608 – Giacomo Torelli, Italian stage designer, engineer, and architect (d. 1678)
1647 – Princess Anna Sophie of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (d. 1717)
1653 – Johann Pachelbel, German organist, composer, and educator (d. 1706)
1689 – Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer, Bohemian architect, designed Ss. Cyril and Methodius Cathedral (d. 1751)
1711 – William IV, Prince of Orange (d. 1751)
1726 – Johann Becker, German organist, composer, and educator (d. 1803)
1795 – James Gordon Bennett Sr., American publisher, founded the New York Herald (d. 1872)
1799 – Ferenc Gyulay, Hungarian Austrian commander and politician (d. 1868)
1811 – James Montgomrey, Leader and important benefactor of his home town of Brentford, England (d. 1883)
1818 – José María Castro Madriz, Costa Rican lawyer and politician, 1st President of Costa Rica (d. 1892)
1848 – Auguste Forel, Swiss myrmecologist, neuroanatomist, and psychiatrist (d. 1931)
1849 – Emil Zuckerkandl, Hungarian anatomist (d. 1910)
1850 – Jim O'Rourke, American baseball player and manager (d. 1919)
1851 – John Clum, American journalist and agent (d. 1932)
1853 – Aleksei Brusilov, Russian general (d. 1926)
1854 – Engelbert Humperdinck, German playwright and composer (d. 1921)
1855 – Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet and critic (d. 1909)
1856 – Sergei Winogradsky, Ukrainian Russian microbiologist and ecologist (d. 1953)
1864 – Akashi Motojiro, Japanese general (d. 1919)
1866 – James J. Corbett, American boxer (d. 1933)
1867 – John Gretton, 1st Baron Gretton, English sailor and politician (d. 1947)
1868 – Henri Bourassa, Canadian publisher and politician (d. 1952)
1871 – J. Reuben Clark, American lawyer, civil servant, and religious leader (d. 1961)
1873 – João Ferreira Sardo the founder of Gafanha da Nazaré (d. 1925)
1875 – Edgar Rice Burroughs, American author (d. 1950)
1876 – Harriet Shaw Weaver, English journalist and activist (d. 1961)
1877 – Francis William Aston, English chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1945)
1877 – Rex Beach, American author, playwright, and water polo player (d. 1949)
1878 – Princess Alexandra of Saxe Coburg and Gotha (d. 1942)
1878 – J. F. C. Fuller, English general and historian (d. 1966)
1878 – Tullio Serafin, Italian conductor and director (d. 1968)
1883 – Didier Pitre, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1934)
1884 – Hilda Rix Nicholas, Australian artist (d. 1961)
1884 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and director (d. 1947)
1886 – Othmar Schoeck, Swiss composer and conductor (d. 1957)
1886 – Shigeyasu Suzuki, Japanese general (d. 1957)
1887 – Blaise Cendrars, Swiss author and poet (d. 1961)
1888 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician (d. 1958)
1892 – Leverett Saltonstall, American lieutenant and politician, 55th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1979)
1893 – Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Japanese American painter and photographer (d. 1953)
1895 – Engelbert Zaschka, German engineer and designer, invented the Human powered aircraft (d. 1955)
1896 – A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Indian religious leader, founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (d. 1977)
1897 – Andy Kennedy, Irish footballer (d. 1963)
1898 – Violet Carson, English actress and singer (d. 1983)
1899 – Richard Arlen, American actor (d. 1976)

1615 – Étienne Pasquier, French lawyer and jurist (b. 1529)
1646 – Francis Windebank, English statesman (b. 1582)
1648 – Marin Mersenne, French mathematician, theologian, and philosopher (b. 1588)
1678 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1601)
1685 – Leoline Jenkins, Welsh lawyer, jurist, and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1625)
1687 – Henry More, English priest and philosopher (b. 1614)
1706 – Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
1715 – François Girardon, French sculptor (b. 1628)
1715 – Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)
1838 – William Clark, American soldier, explorer, and politician, 4th Governor of Missouri Territory (b. 1770)
1839 – Izidor Guzmics, Hungarian theologian and educator (b. 1786)
1868 – Ferenc Gyulay, Hungarian Austrian commander and politician (b. 1799)

1914 – Martha, last known passenger pigeon (h. 1885)
1922 – Samu Pecz, Hungarian architect and academic (b. 1854)
1924 – Noe Khomeriki, Georgian Social Democrat politician (d. 1883)
1930 – Peeter Põld, Estonian scientist and politician, 1st Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1878)
1943 – Charles Atangana, Cameroonian ruler (b. 1880)
1947 – Frederick Russell Burnham, American soldier and adventurer (b. 1861)
1951 – Nellie McClung, Canadian author and suffragist (b. 1873)
1967 – Siegfried Sassoon, English soldier and writer (b. 1886)
1969 – Drew Pearson, American journalist and author (b. 1897)
1970 – François Mauriac, French novelist, poet, and playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1885)
1971 – Alan Brown, English soldier (b. 1909)
1974 – Gerd Neggo, Estonian dancer, dance teacher, and choreographer (b. 1891)
1977 – Ethel Waters, American singer and actress (b. 1896)
1981 – Ann Harding, American actress (b. 1901)
1981 – Albert Speer, German architect and author (b. 1905)
1982 – Haskell Curry, American mathematician and academic (b. 1900)
1982 – Władysław Gomułka, Polish activist and politician (b. 1905)
1982 – Isabel Cristina Mrad Campos, Brazilian student; honored by the Catholicism (b. 1962)
1983 – Henry M. Jackson, American lawyer and politician (b. 1912)
1983 – Larry McDonald, American physician and politician (b. 1935)
1984 – Madeleine de Bourbon Busset, Duchess of Parma (b. 1898)
1985 – Stefan Bellof, German racing driver (b. 1957)
1986 – Murray Hamilton, American actor (b. 1923)
1988 – Luis Walter Alvarez, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
1989 – A. Bartlett Giamatti, American businessman and academic (b. 1938)
1989 – Kazimierz Deyna, Polish footballer (b. 1947)
1989 – Tadeusz Sendzimir, Polish American engineer (b. 1894)
1990 – Edwin O. Reischauer, American scholar and diplomat (b. 1910)
1991 – Otl Aicher, German graphic designer and typographer (b. 1922)
1997 – Zoltán Czibor, Hungarian footballer (b. 1929)
1998 – Józef Krupiński, Polish poet and author (b. 1930)
1998 – Cary Middlecoff, American golfer and sportscaster (b. 1921)
1998 – Osman F. Seden, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
1999 – W. Richard Stevens, Zambian computer scientist and author (b. 1951)
2003 – Rand Brooks, American actor and producer (b. 1918)
2003 – Terry Frost, English painter and academic (b. 1915)
2004 – Ahmed Kuftaro, Syrian religious leader, Grand Mufti of Syria (b. 1915)
2004 – Alastair Morton, South African businessman (b. 1938)
2005 – R. L. Burnside, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1926)
2006 – György Faludy, Hungarian author and poet (b. 1910)
2006 – Warren Mitofsky, American journalist (b. 1934)
2006 – Bob O'Connor, American businessman and politician, 57th Mayor of Pittsburgh (b. 1944)
2006 – Kyffin Williams, Welsh painter and educator (b. 1918)
2007 – Roy McKenzie, New Zealand horse racer and philanthropist (b. 1922)
2008 – Thomas J. Bata, Czech Canadian businessman (b. 1914)
2008 – Jerry Reed, American singer songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1937)
2010 – Wakanohana Kanji I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 45th Yokozuna (b. 1928)
2012 – Sean Bergin, South African saxophonist, flute player, and composer (b. 1948)
2012 – Hal David, American songwriter and composer (b. 1921)
2012 – Smarck Michel, Haitian businessman and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (b. 1937)
2012 – William Petzäll, Swedish politician (b. 1988)
2012 – Arnaldo Putzu, Italian illustrator (b. 1927)
2013 – Ignacio Eizaguirre, Spanish footballer and manager (b. 1920)
2013 – Gordon Steege, Australian soldier (b. 1917)
2013 – Margaret Mary Vojtko, American linguist and academic (b. 1930)
2013 – Ken Wallis, English commander and pilot (b. 1916)
2014 – Ahmed Abdi Godane, Somali militant leader (b. 1977)
2014 – Roger McKee, American baseball player (b. 1926)
2014 – Joseph Shivers, American chemist and academic, developed spandex (b. 1920)
2015 – Gurgen Dalibaltayan, Armenian general (b. 1926)
2015 – Dean Jones, American actor and singer (b. 1931)
2015 – Richard G. Hewlett, American historian and author (b. 1923)
2015 – Ben Kuroki, American sergeant and pilot (b. 1917)
2018 – Randy Weston, American jazz pianist and composer (b. 1926)
2020 – Erick Morillo, American disc jockey and music producer (b. 1971)
2022 – Barbara Ehrenreich, American writer and journalist (b. 1941)
2022 – Yang Yongsong, Chinese major general (b. 1919)
2023 – Jimmy Buffett, American singer songwriter, musician, author and businessman (b. 1946)