Введение
Термин "Local Access and Transport Area" (LATA) используется в телекоммуникационных правилах США. Это географическая область Соединенных Штатов в соответствии с условиями изменения окончательного решения (MFJ), внесенного окружным судом Соединенных Штатов для округа Колумбия в гражданском иске № 82 0192, или любой другой географической области, обозначенной как LATA в Национальной ассоциации перевозчиков Exchange, Inc. Тарифном номере FCC № 4, что послужило причиной распада первоначальной AT&T на "Baby Bells" или было создано с тех пор для регулирования проводной связи. Как правило, LATA представляет собой область, в пределах которой региональной оператору связи (RBOC), прошедшему разделение, разрешено предлагать услуги местной телефонной связи и доступ к сети. Согласно условиям MFJ, RBOC, как правило, запрещено предоставлять услуги, которые начинаются в одной LATA и заканчиваются в другой. Границы LATA, как правило, определяются исходя из рынков, а не обязательно по существующим границам штатов или кодам территорий. Некоторые LATA пересекают границы штатов, такие как районы Нью-Йорка и Гринвича, штат Коннектикут; Чикаго, штат Иллинойс; Портленда, штат Орегон; и территории между Мэрилендом, Вирджинией и Западной Вирджинией. Коды территорий и LATA не обязательно имеют общие границы; многие LATA существуют в нескольких кодах территорий, и многие коды территорий существуют в нескольких LATA. Первоначально LATA были сгруппированы в регионы, в которых одному конкретному RBOC разрешалось предоставлять услуги. В каждом из этих регионов LATA нумеруются, начиная с одной и той же цифры. Как правило, LATA были связаны с операторами или другими обозначениями следующим образом:
Local access and transport area (LATA) is a term used in U. S. telecommunications regulation. It represents a geographical area of the United States under the terms of the Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) entered by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in Civil Action number 82 0192 or any other geographic area designated as a LATA in the National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc. Tariff FCC No. 4. that precipitated the breakup of the original AT&T into the "Baby Bells" or created since that time for wireline regulation. Generally, a LATA represents an area within which a divested Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) is permitted to offer exchange telecommunications and exchange access services. Under the terms of the MFJ, the RBOCs are generally prohibited from providing services that originate in one LATA and terminate in another. LATA boundaries tend to be drawn around markets, and not necessarily along existing state or area code borders. Some LATAs cross over state boundaries, such as those for the New York metropolitan area and Greenwich, Connecticut; Chicago, Illinois; Portland, Oregon; and areas between Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Area codes and LATAs do not necessarily share boundaries; many LATAs exist in multiple area codes, and many area codes exist in multiple LATAs. Originally, the LATAs were grouped into regions within which one particular RBOC was allowed to provide services. The LATAs in each of these regions are numbered beginning with the same digit. Generally, the LATAs were associated with carriers or other indications in the following manner:
DigitArea/UseRBOC0xxunused1xxNew York & New EnglandNYNEX (now Verizon and Consolidated Communications)2xxMid AtlanticBell Atlantic (now Verizon and Frontier)3xxGreat LakesAmeritech (now AT&T Inc.)4xxSoutheastBellSouth (now AT&T Inc.)5xxSouth centralSouthwestern Bell (now AT&T Inc.)6xxPacific Northwest, Midwest, and Rocky MountainsUS West (now CenturyLink)7xxCalifornia and NevadaPacific Bell (now AT&T Inc.)8xxNon contiguous and international areas9xxOther/Expansion
In addition to this list, two local carriers were made independent: Cincinnati Bell in the Cincinnati area, and SNET (a former unit of AT&T, sold to Frontier) in Connecticut. These were assigned LATAs in the 9xx range. Since the breakup of the original AT&T in 1984, however, some amount of deregulation, as well as a number of phone company mergers, have blurred the significance of these regions. A number of new LATAs have been formed within these regions since their inception, most beginning with the digit 9. LATAs contribute to an often confusing aspect of long distance telephone service. Due to the various and overlapping regulatory limitations and inter business arrangements, phone companies typically provide differing types of “long distance” service, each with potentially different rates:
within same LATA, within same state
within same LATA, between different states
between different LATAs, within same state
between different LATAs, between different states
Given the complexity of the legal and financial issues involved in each distinction, many long distance companies tend to not explain the details of these different rates, which can lead to billing questions from surprised customers. Local carriers have various alternative terms for LATAs such as “Service Area” by Pacific Bell in California, or “Regional Calling Area” by Verizon in Maryland. To facilitate the sharing of Telcordia telephone routing databases between countries, LATAs were later defined for the provinces of Canada, the other countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan, and Mexico. Aside from U. S. territories, LATAs have no regulatory purpose in these areas. In 2000, the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission eliminated all Canadian provincial LATAs in favor of a single LATA for Canada (888). No LATAs exist with a second digit of 0 or 1, which distinguished them from traditional area codes.
Цифра/Область применения/RBOC
0xx – не используется
1xx – Нью-Йорк и Новая Англия / NYNEX (ныне Verizon и Consolidated Communications)
2xx – Средняя Атлантика / Bell Atlantic (ныне Verizon и Frontier)
3xx – Великие озера / Ameritech (ныне AT&T Inc.)
4xx – Юго-восток / BellSouth (ныне AT&T Inc.)
5xx – Южный центр / Southwestern Bell (ныне AT&T Inc.)
6xx – Тихоокеанский Северо-запад, Средний Запад и Скалистые горы / US West (ныне CenturyLink)
7xx – Калифорния и Невада / Pacific Bell (ныне AT&T Inc.)
8xx – Несоседние и международные районы
9xx – Прочее/Расширение
Local access and transport area (LATA) is a term used in U. S. telecommunications regulation. It represents a geographical area of the United States under the terms of the Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) entered by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in Civil Action number 82 0192 or any other geographic area designated as a LATA in the National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc. Tariff FCC No. 4. that precipitated the breakup of the original AT&T into the "Baby Bells" or created since that time for wireline regulation. Generally, a LATA represents an area within which a divested Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) is permitted to offer exchange telecommunications and exchange access services. Under the terms of the MFJ, the RBOCs are generally prohibited from providing services that originate in one LATA and terminate in another. LATA boundaries tend to be drawn around markets, and not necessarily along existing state or area code borders. Some LATAs cross over state boundaries, such as those for the New York metropolitan area and Greenwich, Connecticut; Chicago, Illinois; Portland, Oregon; and areas between Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Area codes and LATAs do not necessarily share boundaries; many LATAs exist in multiple area codes, and many area codes exist in multiple LATAs. Originally, the LATAs were grouped into regions within which one particular RBOC was allowed to provide services. The LATAs in each of these regions are numbered beginning with the same digit. Generally, the LATAs were associated with carriers or other indications in the following manner:
DigitArea/UseRBOC0xxunused1xxNew York & New EnglandNYNEX (now Verizon and Consolidated Communications)2xxMid AtlanticBell Atlantic (now Verizon and Frontier)3xxGreat LakesAmeritech (now AT&T Inc.)4xxSoutheastBellSouth (now AT&T Inc.)5xxSouth centralSouthwestern Bell (now AT&T Inc.)6xxPacific Northwest, Midwest, and Rocky MountainsUS West (now CenturyLink)7xxCalifornia and NevadaPacific Bell (now AT&T Inc.)8xxNon contiguous and international areas9xxOther/Expansion
In addition to this list, two local carriers were made independent: Cincinnati Bell in the Cincinnati area, and SNET (a former unit of AT&T, sold to Frontier) in Connecticut. These were assigned LATAs in the 9xx range. Since the breakup of the original AT&T in 1984, however, some amount of deregulation, as well as a number of phone company mergers, have blurred the significance of these regions. A number of new LATAs have been formed within these regions since their inception, most beginning with the digit 9. LATAs contribute to an often confusing aspect of long distance telephone service. Due to the various and overlapping regulatory limitations and inter business arrangements, phone companies typically provide differing types of “long distance” service, each with potentially different rates:
within same LATA, within same state
within same LATA, between different states
between different LATAs, within same state
between different LATAs, between different states
Given the complexity of the legal and financial issues involved in each distinction, many long distance companies tend to not explain the details of these different rates, which can lead to billing questions from surprised customers. Local carriers have various alternative terms for LATAs such as “Service Area” by Pacific Bell in California, or “Regional Calling Area” by Verizon in Maryland. To facilitate the sharing of Telcordia telephone routing databases between countries, LATAs were later defined for the provinces of Canada, the other countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan, and Mexico. Aside from U. S. territories, LATAs have no regulatory purpose in these areas. In 2000, the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission eliminated all Canadian provincial LATAs in favor of a single LATA for Canada (888). No LATAs exist with a second digit of 0 or 1, which distinguished them from traditional area codes.
В дополнение к этому списку два местных оператора были выделены как независимые: Cincinnati Bell в районе Цинциннати и SNET (бывшее подразделение AT&T, проданное Frontier) в Коннектикуте. Им были присвоены LATA в диапазоне 9xx. Однако после распада первоначальной AT&T в 1984 году некоторая дерегулировка, а также ряд слияний телефонных компаний, привели к размытию значения этих регионов. С момента их создания в этих регионах было образовано несколько новых LATA, большинство из которых начинаются с цифры 9. LATA вносят вклад в часто запутанный аспект междугородной телефонной связи. Из-за различных и пересекающихся нормативных ограничений и межбизнес-соглашений телефонные компании обычно предоставляют различные типы "услуг междугородней связи", каждая из которых потенциально имеет разные тарифы:
в пределах одной и той же LATA, в пределах одного и того же штата;
в пределах одной и той же LATA, между разными штатами;
между разными LATA, в пределах одного и того же штата;
между разными LATA, между разными штатами.
Учитывая сложность юридических и финансовых вопросов, связанных с каждым различием, многие компании междугородней связи, как правило, не объясняют подробности этих различных тарифов, что может привести к вопросам выставления счетов от удивленных клиентов. У местных операторов есть различные альтернативные термины для LATA, такие как "Service Area" от Pacific Bell в Калифорнии или "Regional Calling Area" от Verizon в Мэриленде. Для облегчения обмена телефонными маршрутизационными базами данных Telcordia между странами позже были определены LATA для провинций Канады, других стран и территорий Североамериканского плана нумерации и Мексики. За исключением территорий США, LATA не имеют никакой регулятивной цели в этих областях. В 2000 году Канадская комиссия по радиотелевидению и телекоммуникациям ликвидировала все канадские провинциальные LATA в пользу единой LATA для Канады (888). Никаких LATA не существует со второй цифрой 0 или 1, что отличает их от традиционных кодов территорий.
Local access and transport area (LATA) is a term used in U. S. telecommunications regulation. It represents a geographical area of the United States under the terms of the Modification of Final Judgment (MFJ) entered by the United States District Court for the District of Columbia in Civil Action number 82 0192 or any other geographic area designated as a LATA in the National Exchange Carrier Association, Inc. Tariff FCC No. 4. that precipitated the breakup of the original AT&T into the "Baby Bells" or created since that time for wireline regulation. Generally, a LATA represents an area within which a divested Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC) is permitted to offer exchange telecommunications and exchange access services. Under the terms of the MFJ, the RBOCs are generally prohibited from providing services that originate in one LATA and terminate in another. LATA boundaries tend to be drawn around markets, and not necessarily along existing state or area code borders. Some LATAs cross over state boundaries, such as those for the New York metropolitan area and Greenwich, Connecticut; Chicago, Illinois; Portland, Oregon; and areas between Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia. Area codes and LATAs do not necessarily share boundaries; many LATAs exist in multiple area codes, and many area codes exist in multiple LATAs. Originally, the LATAs were grouped into regions within which one particular RBOC was allowed to provide services. The LATAs in each of these regions are numbered beginning with the same digit. Generally, the LATAs were associated with carriers or other indications in the following manner:
DigitArea/UseRBOC0xxunused1xxNew York & New EnglandNYNEX (now Verizon and Consolidated Communications)2xxMid AtlanticBell Atlantic (now Verizon and Frontier)3xxGreat LakesAmeritech (now AT&T Inc.)4xxSoutheastBellSouth (now AT&T Inc.)5xxSouth centralSouthwestern Bell (now AT&T Inc.)6xxPacific Northwest, Midwest, and Rocky MountainsUS West (now CenturyLink)7xxCalifornia and NevadaPacific Bell (now AT&T Inc.)8xxNon contiguous and international areas9xxOther/Expansion
In addition to this list, two local carriers were made independent: Cincinnati Bell in the Cincinnati area, and SNET (a former unit of AT&T, sold to Frontier) in Connecticut. These were assigned LATAs in the 9xx range. Since the breakup of the original AT&T in 1984, however, some amount of deregulation, as well as a number of phone company mergers, have blurred the significance of these regions. A number of new LATAs have been formed within these regions since their inception, most beginning with the digit 9. LATAs contribute to an often confusing aspect of long distance telephone service. Due to the various and overlapping regulatory limitations and inter business arrangements, phone companies typically provide differing types of “long distance” service, each with potentially different rates:
within same LATA, within same state
within same LATA, between different states
between different LATAs, within same state
between different LATAs, between different states
Given the complexity of the legal and financial issues involved in each distinction, many long distance companies tend to not explain the details of these different rates, which can lead to billing questions from surprised customers. Local carriers have various alternative terms for LATAs such as “Service Area” by Pacific Bell in California, or “Regional Calling Area” by Verizon in Maryland. To facilitate the sharing of Telcordia telephone routing databases between countries, LATAs were later defined for the provinces of Canada, the other countries and territories of the North American Numbering Plan, and Mexico. Aside from U. S. territories, LATAs have no regulatory purpose in these areas. In 2000, the Canadian Radio television and Telecommunications Commission eliminated all Canadian provincial LATAs in favor of a single LATA for Canada (888). No LATAs exist with a second digit of 0 or 1, which distinguished them from traditional area codes.
Штаты США
Название города или населенного пункта, указанное для некоторых LATA, является именем, присвоенным для идентификации LATA, а не обозначением ее границ. Как правило, это наиболее крупный столичный район в пределах LATA. В некоторых случаях LATA названа в честь крупнейшей телефонной станции в LATA, которая исторически обслуживалась RBOC. Например, крупнейший город в LATA Pahrump (Невада) – Лас-Вегас. Поскольку Лас-Вегас исторически не обслуживался RBOC, LATA названа в честь более маленького города Pahrump, который исторически обслуживался компанией Nevada Bell (сейчас AT&T Inc.). Кроме того, указание штата не обязательно ограничивает территорию LATA пределами этого штата; возможны перекрытия и анклавы. Районы, включающие значительные части других штатов, объясняются, но не все перекрытия LATA с границами штатов могут быть подробно описаны. Границы LATA не всегда четко определены. Соглашения между операторами связи, предложения об изменениях, направляемые в Федеральную комиссию по связи (FCC), и прокладка новых линий связи в сельской местности могут и часто изменяют фактические границы между LATA. Многие источники информации о границах LATA противоречат друг другу в деталях. Данные Telcordia могут содержать самую актуальную информацию о составе LATA.