Эхо-Парк: История, Культура и Современные Проблемы района Лос-Анджелеса.

Neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, US

Echo Park is a neighborhood in the east central region of Los Angeles, California. Located to the northwest of Downtown, it is bordered by Silver Lake to the west and Chinatown to the east. The culturally diverse neighborhood has become known for its trendy local businesses, as well as its popularity with artists, musicians and creatives. The neighborhood is centered on the eponymous Echo Park Lake.

Established in 1892, and long before Hollywood became synonymous with the commercial film industry of the United States, the area of Echo Park known as Edendale was the center of filmmaking on the West Coast. By the 1910s, several film studios were operating on Allesandro Avenue (now Glendale Boulevard) along the Echo Park Silverlake border, including the Selig Polyscope Company, Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, the Pathe West Coast Film Studio, and others. By 1895, the park and accompanying boathouse were completed. In the summer of 2011, the lake was closed off and drained when the rehabilitation project began. The lake reopened on June 5, 2013, after a $45 million renovation. Starting in November 2019, a growing population of homeless people began moving into the lake grounds. The encampment included nearly 200 homeless tents, and four homeless individuals died at the park in 2020. On March 25, 2021, the park was closed for renovations and cleared of the homeless encampments. While closure notices were posted throughout the park days before the sweep, over 200 protesters clashed with LAPD, who arrested 179 protesters. The encampment and ensuing incident became a major flashpoint in LA's homelessness crisis. Of the 183 homeless individuals living at Echo Park Lake, only 17 had successfully transitioned into permanent housing In February 2023, councilmember Hugo Soto Martinez announced plans to remove the fence that encircles the lake. The plans became divisive within the community, many of whom have advocated for the fence to remain, amid the ongoing homelessness crisis. The fence surrounding the lake was removed May 30, 2023 by the city.

The Glendale Freeway (SR 2) was originally planned and constructed in 1959 to connect with the Hollywood Freeway (US 101) through the neighborhoods of Silver Lake and Echo Park, but terminates roughly 1.5 mile (2 km) northeast of its intended terminus at the Hollywood Freeway due to opposition from residents living and developers building on a hill that is now a private gated community called Hathaway Estates. In 1962, as a result of this local community opposition, the full build out plan was rescinded and construction was terminated at the present SR 2 terminus near Glendale Bl and Duane Street. Since then, commuter traffic exiting and entering on to SR 2 has passed through the community, primarily along Glendale Bl and Alvarado Street, which has contributed to congestion. Since that plan has been scrapped, the freeway is somewhat isolated from the remainder of the Los Angeles freeway system. There have been proposals to turn the freeway stub into a sort of public park.

The Pacific Electric Railway, better known as the Red Cars, used to run through Echo Park along the center of Glendale Boulevard. The citywide system of electric trolleys began with the dawn of the 20th century, ultimately spinning a web of rail that linked cities in Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside counties. It was the largest and most advanced public transit system in the world at the time. The Red Car system was sold to Metropolitan Coach Lines, whose executive, Jesse Haugh, had connections to a public transportation company funded by General Motors and other auto related industries. The Red Cars faded out of service not long afterwards, with the Los Angeles Glendale Burbank Line that traveled through Echo Park officially ending service on June 19, 1955.

Echo Park was once infamous as a hot spot for gang activity. This was true in the 1980s and 1990s, but in the early 2010s as the neighborhood began gentrifying, rents started to skyrocket, and a controversial gang injunction forced gang members to move outside their turf, instances of gang violence waned. In 2013, a Los Angeles judge signed off on a permanent gang injunction aimed at six rival gangs in the Echo Park area, creating what authorities call a "safety zone" for the area. The injunction targets the members of six gangs, namely Echo Park Locos, the Crazys, the Big Top Locos, the Diamond Street Locos, Frogtown Rifa, and Head Hunters. The perimeter for the safety zone is roughly bound by the Los Angeles River to the north, the 110 Freeway to the east, Beverly Boulevard to south and Glendale Boulevard to the west. It includes Echo Park Lake and Dodger Stadium. The injunction, a civil order, prohibits two or more listed gang members from associating in any way in public or in common areas like courtyards. It also allows for stricter penalties if any listed gang member is caught with drugs, alcohol, guns or vandalizing property. Boundaries are the Golden State Freeway–Glendale Freeway interchange at the north apex, Riverside Drive on the northeast, Elysian Park neighborhood on the east, Stadium Way and Beaudry Avenue on the southeast, the south apex being Beaudry Avenue and West Second Street and the west limit being an irregular line consisting of Second Street and Beverly Boulevard, then moving upward north along Benton Way and the Glendale Freeway.

Being in the central part of Los Angeles, Echo Park experiences a hot summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Temperatures here are almost identical to that of Downtown Los Angeles.

Angelino Heights is most notable for its Victorian era residences, although these are few in number. It lies at an elevation of 502 feet (153 m).

Since the 1910s, Elysian Heights, along with Edendale, has been home to many of the counter culture, political radicals, artists, writers, architects and filmmakers. The children of many progressives attended school there during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s.

The 2000 U. S. census counted 40,455 residents in the 2.4 square miles (6 km2) neighborhood—an average of 16,868 people per square mile, one of the highest densities in Los Angeles and among the highest densities for the county. In 2008 the city estimated that the population had increased to 43,832. The median age for residents was 30, about the same as the city norm.

Elysian Park is one of the largest parks in Los Angeles at It is also the city's oldest park, founded in 1886 by the Elysian Park Enabling Ordinance. Most of Elysian Park falls in the Eastern neighborhood of the same name, but a small portion of the park does fall in Echo Park. Angels Point, a small hill in Elysian Park overlooking Dodger Stadium and the Downtown Los Angeles Skyline. Atop the hill is a large metal sculpture art installation by local artist Peter Shire of the 1980s postmodern Memphis Group. Chavez Ravine Arboretum, opened in 1893 and contains more than 100 varieties of trees from around the world, including what are believed to be the oldest and largest Cape Chestnut, Kauri, and Tipu trees in the United States. Grace E. Simons Lodge, an event space with waterfalls and reception rooms. Marion Harlow Memorial Grove is a small tree and plant grove along the Elysian Park hiking trail.

Vista Hermosa Naural Park is a urban natural park that features walking trails, streams, meadows, oak savannahs, picnic grounds, sweeping views of Downtown Los Angeles skyline, and a nature themed playground amid native Mediterranean vegetation. It is built on former residential land in the Temple–Beaudry district, houses that were torn down as part of slum clearance efforts, and that originally was destined for use as the site of a high school.

Echo Park resides in both Los Angeles City Council District 13 under Councilmember Hugo Soto Martinez and Los Angeles City Council District 1 under Councilmember Eunisses Hernandez. The Los Angeles Fire Department Station 20 is in the area. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) operates the Rampart Community Police Station at 1401 West 6th St., 90017, located near Echo Park in the Westlake district of east central Los Angeles. LAPD also operates an LAPD Police Academy training facility Including a weapons firing range in Elysian Park adjacent to Dodger Stadium.

The Los Angeles Public Library operates two branches in Echo Park: Echo Park Branch and Edendale Branch.

The trendy Echo Park area, known as one of "the city's hippest neighborhoods", has many bars, night clubs, and restaurants. The sprawling historic Taix French restaurant (originally known as Les Freres Taix) has been a landmark in the community since moving to 1911 Sunset Boulevard from downtown Los Angeles in 1964. The 321 Lounge cocktail bar inside the restaurant has hosted live music and comedy for many years and is a longtime destination for Los Angeles Dodgers fans to congregate before or after a baseball game. In the third annual New York Times Restaurant List, of the five California restaurants featured, two are based in Echo Park: the Korean inspired Perilla LA and the pizzeria Quarter Sheets.

Twenty Minutes of Love is a 1914 short silent film starring Charlie Chaplin, which takes place at Echo Park Lake. Recreation is a 1914 short silent film starring Charlie Chaplin, which takes place at Echo Park Lake. The Academy Award winning 1974 film Chinatown by Director Roman Polanski has a scene taking place in Echo Park. In the movie's third most famous scene, Jake (Jack Nicholson) pretends to photograph his associate, as cover for snapping Hollis and Katherine, while boating on Echo Park Lake. Echo Park is a 1986 American comedy drama film set in Echo Park. The plot follows several aspiring actors, musicians and models. Mi Vida Loca, is a 1993 American drama film directed and written by Allison Anders centered on young Mexicanas and Chicanas (and their male counterparts) growing up in Echo Park. The Fast And The Furious is a 2001 American crime action adventure film directed by Rob Cohen starring Paul Walker, Vin Diesel, & Michelle Rodriguez. Vin Diesel plays Dominic Toretto, a street racer who lives in Echo Park. Many scenes take place there including at Bob's Market in Angelino Heights and a meet up in the parking lot of Dodger Stadium. Training Day is a 2001 American crime thriller film directed by Antoine Fuqua starring Denzel Washington and Ethan Hawke as two LAPD narcotics officers who patrol over a 12 hour period in the gang ridden neighborhoods of Westlake, Echo Park and South Central Los Angeles. Quinceañera is a 2006 film about gentrification in Los Angeles, centered on Echo Park. Columbus Day (film) of 2009 has a recurring scene at the Echo Park Lake. The Nicolas Winding Refn 2011 film Drive is set primarily in Echo Park. The main character, "The Driver" lives in Echo Park and meets many characters in and around the area. Echo Park is a 2014 drama romance film directed by Amanda Marsalis set in Echo Park. A Star Is Born is a 2018 American musical drama film directed by Bradley Cooper starring Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga. Lady Gaga's character, Ally, lives with her father in the Angelino Heights district of Echo Park.