1960 жылғы ғылым мен технология жетістіктері

The year 1960 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

April 8 Project Ozma, under the direction of astronomer Frank Drake at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, commences the first modern search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) experiment. April 13 – The U. S. Navy Transit satellite 1B is successfully launched by a Thor Ablestar rocket leading to the first successful tests of a satellite navigation system. June 22 – The U. S. Navy SOLRAD 1 Galactic Radiation and Background program satellite is successfully launched by the same Thor Ablestar rocket as Transit 2A, serving as the first successful U. S. reconnaissance satellite and returning the first real time X ray and ultraviolet observations of the Sun. August 11 – The return capsule of the U. S. Discoverer 13 Corona mission is successfully recovered from the Pacific Ocean, the first time any man made object has been recovered successfully from orbit. September – A Soviet SS 2 Sibling missile is successfully launched in a suborbital test from Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, the first Chinese spaceflight. October 4 – The U. S. Army Courier 1B, the world's first active communications repeater satellite, is launched into low Earth orbit.

August – Edsger W. Dijkstra and Jaap A. Zonneveld produce the first (X1) implementation of the ALGOL 60 programming language. John McCarthy of MIT publishes the Lisp programming language.

May 22 – Valdivia earthquake: Chile's subduction fault ruptures from Talcahuano to the Taitao Peninsula (with its epicenter near Lumaco), causing the most powerful earthquake on record (with a magnitude of 9.5) and a tsunami. Harry Hammond Hess proposes the concept of seafloor spreading.

January 23 – Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh reach bottom in the Mariana Trench in United States Navy bathyscaphe Trieste at a depth of 10,916 m.
May 10 – The nuclear submarine USS Triton, under the command of Captain Edward L. Beach, Jr., completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the Earth.

Wacław Sierpiński proves the existence of Sierpinski numbers. Stanko Bilinski rediscovers the Bilinski dodecahedron. In the classification of finite simple groups, Michio Suzuki and Rimhak Ree introduce Suzuki–Ree groups; and John G. Thompson, Walter Feit and Marshall Hall prove that a group with a fixed point free automorphism of prime order is nilpotent, and that all finite simple CN groups of odd order are cyclic. C. A. R. Hoare invents the quicksort algorithm. Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon present the Reed–Solomon error correction code.

April 15 – William C. Chardack implants the first fixed rate cardiac pacemaker with mercury battery, designed by Wilson Greatbatch. May 2 – The first coronary artery bypass surgery is performed by a team led by Dr. Robert Goetz and thoracic surgeon Dr. Michael Rohman with the assistance of Drs. Jordan Haller and Ronald Dee at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx Municipal Hospital Center in the United States using internal mammary artery as the donor vessel; the patient survives for 9 months. May 9 – The U. S. Food and Drug Administration announces that it will approve birth control as an additional indication for G. D. Searle's Enovid, making it the world's first approved combined oral contraceptive pill. June 6 – The American Heart Association announces a strong statistical association between heavy cigarette smoking and coronary heart disease. c. October – First trials of measles vaccine carried out in Nigeria and elsewhere. October 30 – The first kidney transplantation in the United Kingdom is performed by a team led by English surgeon Michael Woodruff at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between identical twins.

April 1 – The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS 1.

October – 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures establishes International System of Units, abbreviated SI from the French name, Le Système international d'unités.

November 4 – OH 7, first fragments of Homo habilis, discovered by Jonathan Leakey at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania.

March 22 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow and Charles Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser. May 16 – Theodore Maiman demonstrates the first working laser, a ruby laser, at Hughes Research Laboratories.

Harrison G. Gough and Alfred B. Heilbrun, Jr. introduce the Adjective Check List to assess psychological traits of an individual.

A tungsten halogen lamp bulb is patented by General Electric engineer Fredrick Moby. Prototype Pentax Spotmatic single lens reflex camera, pioneering through the lens metering, is presented.

January 21 – Wu Lien teh (born 1879), Malayan Chinese physician. March 27 – Gregorio Marañón (born 1879), Spanish physician, scientist, historian and philosopher. April 24 – Max von Laue (born 1879), German physicist, winner of the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physics. May 8 – J. H. C. Whitehead (born 1904), British mathematician. June 17 – Sir Harold Gillies (born 1882), New Zealand born plastic surgeon. August 10 – Oswald Veblen (born 1880), American mathematician, geometer and topologist. September 22 – Melanie Klein (born 1882), Austrian British psychoanalyst. December 8 – Ross T. McIntire (born 1889), American naval surgeon.