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In telecommunications, particularly in radio frequency engineering, signal strength refers to the transmitter power output as received by a reference antenna at a distance from the transmitting antenna. High powered transmissions, such as those used in broadcasting, are expressed in dB millivolts per metre (dBmV/m). For very low power systems, such as mobile phones, signal strength is usually expressed in dB microvolts per metre (dBμV/m) or in decibels above a reference level of one milliwatt (dBm). In broadcasting terminology, 1 mV/m is 1000 μV/m or 60 dBμ (often written dBu). Examples
100 dBμ or 100 mV/m: blanketing interference may occur on some receivers
60 dBμ or 1.0 mV/m: frequently considered the edge of a radio station's protected area in North America
40 dBμ or 0.1 mV/m: the minimum strength at which a station can be received with acceptable quality on most receivers

Although there are cell phone base station tower networks across many nations globally, there are still many areas within those nations that do not have good reception. Some rural areas are unlikely to ever be covered effectively since the cost of erecting a cell tower is too high for only a few customers. Even in areas with high signal strength, basements and the interiors of large buildings often have poor reception. Weak signal strength can also be caused by destructive interference of the signals from local towers in urban areas, or by the construction materials used in some buildings causing significant attenuation of signal strength. Large buildings such as warehouses, hospitals and factories often have no usable signal further than a few metres from the outside walls. This is particularly true for the networks which operate at higher frequency since these are attenuated more by intervening obstacles, although they are able to use reflection and diffraction to circumvent obstacles.

would give an estimate of the number of decades, which coincides with an average path loss of 40 dB/decade.