Индиана штатындағы Хановер колледжінің тарихы

Private college in Hanover, Indiana, US

Hanover College is a private college in Hanover, Indiana, affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA). Founded in 1827 by Reverend John Finley Crowe, it is Indiana's oldest private college. The Hanover athletic teams participate in the NCAA Division III as a member of the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference. Hanover alumni are known as Hanoverians.

In the early 19th century, missionaries went to Hanover as part of the Second Great Awakening. Crowe served as pastor of the Hanover Presbyterian Church. He opened the Hanover Academy on January 1, 1827, in a small log cabin near his home. Two years later, the state of Indiana granted the Academy a charter. On November 9, 1829, the Academy's Board of Trustees accepted the Presbyterian Synod of Indiana's proposal to adopt the school, provided a theological department was established. A two story brick building was constructed to house both the Academy and the new Indiana Seminary. The state of Indiana issued the Academy a new charter, creating Hanover College effective January 1, 1833. Under this charter, the college's board of trustees is independent of ecclesiastical control, but it has formally adopted the standards for Presbyterian colleges for Hanover. The association continues to this day. In the 1830s, the College Edifice (now serving as the Hanover Presbyterian Church) was the center of a bustling, campus. In 1834, 119 students attended Hanover Preparatory School (formerly Hanover Academy) and 101 students attended Hanover College, rapid growth from the six students of only seven years earlier. In 1843 the college's president and its trustees accepted a proposal from Madison city leaders to move Hanover College. The trustees dissolved the Hanover charter and established Madison University five miles east. But Crowe purchased the college property and established the Hanover Classical and Mathematical School. Four months after Madison University was founded, its president had resigned while its students began to return to Crowe's school. By May 1844, all of Madison's students and faculty had made the trip. Hanover College was officially restored when Indiana's legislature granted the college a new charter on Christmas Day. Crowe, who served as college faculty for more than 30 years and refused to have his name considered for the presidency, is described as "twice the founder of Hanover College." In 1849 the board of trustees voted to purchase a farm one half mile east of Hanover's campus. This land, overlooking the Ohio River, serves as the campus's centerpiece today. By the mid 1850s, Classic Hall was constructed on a bluff known as the Point, and College classes were moved to that location. "Old Classic" would be Hanover's signature building for more than 90 years. The Civil War, especially the Confederate maneuvers known as Morgan's Raid, came close to campus; faculty and students were alerted that the troops might try to burn Classic Hall. In 1870, Presbyterian Church officials proposed that Hanover College be merged with Wabash College, with Hanover becoming a women's school. The Hanover Board of Trustees rejected that proposal, as well as one from businessmen in 1873 that would have moved the college to Indianapolis and renamed it Johnson University. In 1880, Hanover began enrolling women.

During Hanover College's first 50 years of operations, it had nine presidents, none of whom served for longer than nine years; five served three years or less. But after that, conditions stabilized. Daniel Fisher led Hanover from 1879 until his retirement in 1907. This stability of leadership ushered in a new era of growth. Fisher oversaw the construction of five buildings, including Thomas A. Hendricks Library (now Hendricks Hall). Named for Thomas Hendricks, an alumnus and former U. S. vice president, it is now used for classes and is known as Hendricks Hall, the oldest classroom building on Hanover's campus. Albert G. Parker Jr. was inaugurated as Hanover's 12th president November 27, 1929, less than one month after the stock market crash that precipitated the Great Depression. The economic hard times cut investment revenues and operational expenses had to be closely monitored. But this challenge provided the college with one of its greatest rewards. On December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor plunged the United States into World War II. In just two years, Hanover's enrollment plummeted to 164 students, including only 20 men. In the early morning of December 19, 1941, a huge fire destroyed most of Classic Hall. By 1946, the postwar enrollment at Hanover had more than rebounded. It had ballooned to 679 students, and the first great construction period of the college's history was under way. In 1947 Long College for Women was founded as a coordinate college. Until the 1960s, all women who graduated from Hanover had their degree officially conferred by Long instead of Hanover. Long College operated until the two colleges fully merged in 1978, making Hanover officially co ed. Parker had announced that he would retire as Hanover's president as of September 1, 1958, but died in March of that year. John E. Horner was named as an interim president and ended up serving 29 years. Hanover students say that Parker's ghost still haunts Parker auditorium. Under Horner's 29 year leadership, Hanover enjoyed unprecedented growth in its academic program, financial standing, and student enrollment. Soon after his arrival, he encouraged faculty members to reform their curriculum. Eventually Hanover divided its academic year into two 14 week terms, in which students took three classes, and a five week Spring Term, in which students took one course of specialized, intensive study. With some modifications, it still serves as Hanover's curricular model today. By the mid 1960s, the campus expanded to more than 500 acres (2 km2) of land, enrollment topped 1,000 students, and Hanover's assets approached $15 million. In the late afternoon of April 3, 1974, a tornado roared through campus with devastating results. This tornado was part of the 1974 Super Outbreak of tornadoes that struck 13 states and one Canadian province that day. No one was killed or seriously injured, but 32 of the college's 33 buildings were damaged, including two that were completely destroyed and six that sustained major structural damage. One of the completely destroyed buildings was a residence hall which had previously, back in 1890, served as the first fraternity house in the entire Sigma Chi Fraternity. Hundreds of trees were down, completely blocking every campus road. All utilities were knocked out and communication with those off campus was nearly impossible. Government officials estimated the damage at $10 million. Some wondered if Hanover College could survive. The Hanoverians, led by Horner, sprang into action. Winter Term ended one week early and students were dismissed, but many stayed to help faculty, staff and others clear the debris. The Board of Trustees met April 5 in emergency session and vowed to lead the efforts in rebuilding and improving Hanover College. They vowed to do so without any federal disaster assistance, continuing Hanover's tradition of financial independence. Within a week, roads were made passable and major services restored. Contributions poured in to cover Hanover's $1 million in uninsurable losses; they raised this amount in three months. When Spring Term opened April 22, the college had full enrollment 19 days after the tornado. An editorial in The Indianapolis Star described the effort as "a private miracle." By spring 1975, replanting efforts completed Hanover's recovery. When Horner retired in 1987, Hanover's endowment was more than $40 million. Russell Nichols was inaugurated as Hanover's 14th president on September 26, 1987. He initiated actions to improve the Hanover experience for students both inside and outside the classroom. The number of full time faculty was increased over a five year period from 72 to 94, lowering the student teacher ratio and allowing for more independent research and study. Six new academic majors were added. In terms of amenities, students enjoyed a direct dial telephone in each dorm room, ending years of having a campus operator direct all calls. More significantly, academic scholarships were increased for incoming and returning students. In 1995 the $11 million Horner Health and Recreation Center was opened; it was named for the president emeritus and his wife.

In 2000 a $23 million Science Center was dedicated, which now houses all of the college's five natural sciences in the same facility. In May 2006, Nichols announced his plans to retire at the conclusion of the 2007 academic year. His accomplishments include the revision of the curriculum which expanded study abroad offerings. Additionally, he oversaw implementation of the Center for Business Preparation, an innovation program designed to link liberal arts education with business. In 2004, Hanover was awarded $11.4 million to start the Rivers Institute, a multi disciplinary center to study all aspects of rivers throughout the world. In the fall of 2007, Sue DeWine, former provost at Marietta College in Ohio, succeeded Nichols as president of Hanover College as the 15th president of Hanover College. DeWine was succeeded by Lake Lambert in 2015.

Hanover College is situated on of land overlooking the Ohio River. The land features several climbing paths and cliffs, as well as the only view of the Ohio from which three bends in the river can be seen. The campus is characterized by the Georgian style architecture. The quad is crowned by the Parker Auditorium, named for the former Hanover College president, Albert Parker. In the 1940s the college turned down plans to rebuild the Sigma Chi fraternity house as designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, because it did not match the Georgian Architecture. Much of the campus was heavily damaged in the April 3, 1974, tornado Super Outbreak, including several buildings that were destroyed. Damage to 32 of the 33 buildings totaled over $10 million. The campus lost hundreds of mature trees. After 19 days, the campus reopened, with roads and most buildings made usable. In 2008, Hanover was ravaged by the after effects of Hurricane Ike. Although most facilities stayed intact, both electricity and water were lost, and the campus was evacuated for a week.

The college offers over 34 majors.

Hanover College was tied for 102 out of 157 in National Liberal Arts Colleges by U. S. News & World Report in 2022–23.

Nicknamed the Panthers for their mascot, Hanover College teams participate as a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III, and as a member of the Heartland Collegiate Athletic Conference (HCAC). Men's sports include baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, tennis and track & field; while women's sports include basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, softball, tennis, swimming, track & field, volleyball, and golf. Hanover added men's and women's swimming in the fall of 2018.

Hanover won their first football game in 1886 with an 11–2 victory over Butler University. The Panthers play their home games at the 4,000 seat Alumni Stadium, where the field is named after their all time winningest coach Wayne Perry. Perry coached the Panthers from 1982 to 2007, which included four undefeated seasons and a record of 174–89–2. Hanover plays an annual rivalry game against Franklin College, dubbed the Victory Bell. As of 2023, Hanover leads the series against Franklin 46–43–3.