Румыния Әскери-теңіз күштерінің тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

The Romanian Naval Forces (Forțele Navale Române) is the principal naval branch of the Romanian Armed Forces and operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube. It traces its history back to 1860.

The Romanian Navy was founded in 1860 as a river flotilla on the Danube. After the unification of Wallachia and Moldavia, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, the ruling Domnitor of the Romanian Principalities, decided on 22 October 1860 by order no. 173 to unify the navies into a single flotilla. The navy was French trained and organized. Officers were initially sent to Brest Naval Training Centre in France, as the Military School in Bucharest did not have a naval section. The next ship to enter service with the Romanian Navy was the spar torpedo boat in 1875. These ships represented the Romanian Flotilla during the War of Independence.

During the War of Independence, the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the 1877–1878 Russo Turkish war, the Romanian Navy sailed under the Russian flag. The riverine base was at Galați, while the maritime base was at Constanța, which was by then part of Romania.

The Romanian Black Sea Fleet was founded in the summer of 1890, 10 years after Romania acquired its first sea going warship: the gunboat The newly created division consisted of the small protected cruiser , the training ship , the three Smeul class torpedo boats, and the forementioned Grivița.

On 2 July 1905, during the mutiny of the Russian battleship Potemkin, the Romanian protected cruiser engaged the Russian torpedo boat Ismail as the latter was trying to sneak into the Romanian port of Constanța. Elisabeta fired two warning shots, first a blank charge then an explosive charge, forcing the torpedo boat to retreat. Later that day, Potemkin and Ismail left Romanian waters. During the night of 7 July, however, Potemkin returned to the Romanian port, this time agreeing to surrender to the Romanian authorities in exchange for the latter giving asylum to the crew. On the noon of 8 July, Captain Negru, the commander of the port, came aboard the Potemkin and hoisted the Romanian flag before allowing the warship to enter the inner harbor. On 10 July, after negotiations with the Romanian Government, Potemkin was handed over to Imperial Russian authorities and taken to Sevastopol.

The 307th Marine Infantry Regiment (Regimentul 307 Infanterie Marină) is the coastal defence unit of the Romanian Navy. The unit was formed in the mid 1970s for the defence of the Danube Delta and Romanian Black Sea shore. It was initially located at 2 Mai village near Mangalia, but since 1975 the Marine Battalion was moved to Babadag, Tulcea County. "The 307th Marine Infantry Regiment is destined to carry out military operations in an amphibious river and lagoon environment, the security of objectives in the coastal area, the Danube Delta and the support of local authorities in case of a civil emergency." Its base is near the largest military training range in Romania. The battalion is organized into infantry, reconnaissance, sniper, mortars, anti tank artillery, engineers, communications, logistic and naval support units. Standard equipment includes PA md. 86 assault rifles, PM md. 64 light machine guns, Md. 66 machine guns, 60/82/120 mm mortars, AG 7 and AG 9 launchers, 76 mm Md. 82 mountain howitzers, 11 ABC 79M and 3 TABC 79M armoured personnel carriers.

For the river fleet and auxiliary vessels see List of active Romanian Navy ships
NameTypeClassOriginDetails SubmarineS 521 DelfinulConventional SubmarineKiloNot operational; used for dockside training FrigatesF 111 MărășeștiMultipurpose Frigate MărășeștiF 221 Regele FerdinandMultipurpose Frigate Type 22 Ex HMS CoventryF 222 Regina MariaMultipurpose Frigate Type 22 Ex HMS London Corvettes Cvt 263 Vice Amiral Eugeniu RoșcaMultipurpose corvetteTetal ICvt 260 Amiral Petre BărbuneanuMultipurpose corvetteTetal ICvt 264 Contraamiral Eustațiu Sebastian Multipurpose corvetteTetal IICvt 265 Contraamiral Horia MacellariuMultipurpose corvetteTetal II Missile corvetteNPR 188 Zborul Missile corvetteTarantul classNPR 189 Pescărușul Missile corvetteTarantul classNPR 190 LăstunulMissile corvetteTarantul class Fast Attack CraftVTM 202 SmeulTorpedo boatsEpitropBased on the Soviet Osa class missile boat. VTM 204 VijeliaTorpedo boatsEpitropBased on the Soviet Osa class missile boat. VTM 209 VulcanulTorpedo boatsEpitropBased on the Soviet Osa class missile boat. Mine WarfareDM 24 Lt. Remus Lepri MinesweeperMuscaDM 25 Lt. Lupu Dinescu MinesweeperMuscaDM 29 Lt. Dimitrie NicolescuMinesweeperMusca8 September 2022 contacted floating rogue mine some 20 N. M. north east of Constanța, in the Black Sea, and suffered mine explosion hit in the aft area, resulting in a small sized hull breach. Navy ship Grozavul was sent to tow minesweeper to Constanța. DM 30 Slt. Alexandru AxenteMinesweeperMuscaM270 Sublocotenent Ion GhiculescuMinehunterSandown class Ex HMS BlythPM 274 Viceamiral Constantin BălescuMinelayerCosar

ModelOriginTypeVariantNumbersDetailsIAR 330 Maritime helicopter Puma Naval 3 Include the SOCAT upgrade package; the Navy Pumas also have flotation gear fitted under the nose and main undercarriage fairings. Currently operated from Navy frigates for search and rescue, medevac, maritime surveillance missions and ASW. H215MMaritime helicopterCougar Naval2 (on order)The naval version of the H215M is powered by two Turbomeca Makila 1A1 turboshaft engines. This version is mainly used for Anti surface unit warfare (ASUW), fitted with Marte ER missiles; Anti submarine warfare (ASW), fitted with a variable depth sonar and torpedoes; Search and rescue; and Sea patrols. For deck landing, securing at high sea states, maneuver and traverse this variant can be fitted with ASIST.

The Romanian government plans to acquire new vessels to modernize the Romanian Naval Forces. This plan includes:
Buying 4 new ships for the navy. Previously these were to be based on the Sigma 10514 design of Damen Group. The frigates were to be built locally (Damen owns two major shipyards in Romania) and the total deal was estimated to be worth 1.6 billion euros (equivalent to U. S. $1.96 billion). However, the decision to go with Damen Group was repealed in 2017.
as of 2018, acquiring 3 new submarines, which would also be built locally at a Romanian shipyard. In 2022, Romania signed a letter of intent with France to purchase s.
In July 2019, Naval Group won a €1.2 billion contract, which includes the construction of four new Gowind multi mission corvettes for the Romanian Navy, as well as a new maintenance center and a training center. Naval Group was due to build the first corvette within three years, while the remaining three corvettes would have been constructed by Constanța Shipyard and delivered before 2026. However, this deal had not been concluded and was cancelled as of 2023.