Қозғалмалы IP: Желілік байланыстың үздірілмейтін протоколы

Internet Engineering Task Force standard communications protocol
Mobile IP (or MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in IETF RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in IETF RFC 4721. Mobile IPv6, the IP mobility implementation for the next generation of the Internet Protocol, IPv6, is described in RFC 6275.

The Mobile IP allows for location independent routing of IP datagrams on the Internet. Each mobile node is identified by its home address disregarding its current location in the Internet. While away from its home network, a mobile node is associated with a care of address which identifies its current location and its home address is associated with the local endpoint of a tunnel to its home agent. Mobile IP specifies how a mobile node registers with its home agent and how the home agent routes datagrams to the mobile node through the tunnel.

In many applications (e. g., VPN, VoIP), sudden changes in network connectivity and IP address can cause problems. Mobile IP was designed to support seamless and continuous Internet connectivity. Mobile IP is most often found in wired and wireless environments where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LAN subnets. Examples of use are in roaming between overlapping wireless systems, e. g., IP over DVB, WLAN, WiMAX and BWA. Mobile IP is not required within cellular systems such as 3G, to provide transparency when Internet users migrate between cellular towers, since these systems provide their own data link layer handover and roaming mechanisms. However, it is often used in 3G systems to allow seamless IP mobility between different packet data serving node (PDSN) domains.

Enhancements to the Mobile IP technique, such as Mobile IPv6 and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) defined in RFC 5380, are being developed to improve mobile communications in certain circumstances by making the processes more secure and more efficient. Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 is described in IETF RFC 5568. Researchers create support for mobile networking without requiring any pre deployed infrastructure as it currently is required by MIP. One such example is Interactive Protocol for Mobile Networking (IPMN) which promises supporting mobility on a regular IP network just from the network edges by intelligent signalling between IP at end points and application layer module with improved quality of service. Researchers are also working to create support for mobile networking between entire subnets with support from Mobile IPv6. One such example is Network Mobility (NEMO) Network Mobility Basic Support Protocol by the IETF Network Mobility Working Group which supports mobility for entire Mobile Networks that move and to attach to different points in the Internet. The protocol is an extension of Mobile IPv6 and allows session continuity for every node in the Mobile Network as the network moves.

Home network The home network of a mobile device is the network within which the device receives its identifying IP address (home address). Home address The home address of a mobile device is the IP address assigned to the device within its home network. Foreign network A foreign network is the network in which a mobile node is operating when away from its home network. Care of address The care of address of a mobile device is the network native IP address of the device when operating in a foreign network. Home agent A home agent is a router on a mobile node’s home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery to the mobile node when it is away from home. It maintains current location (IP address) information for the mobile node. It is used with one or more foreign agents. Foreign agent A foreign agent is a router that stores information about mobile nodes visiting its network. Foreign agents also advertise care of addresses which are used by Mobile IP. Binding A binding is the association of the home address with a care of address.