Малайзиялық миллиардер кәсіпкер Роберт Куок

Malaysian billionaire business magnate

Robert Kuok Hock Nien (; Foochow Romanized: Guóh Hŏk nièng; born 6 October 1923) is a Malaysian business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. Since 1973, Kuok has lived in Hong Kong. According to Forbes, his net worth is estimated at $11.8 billion as of April 2023, making him the wealthiest Malaysian citizen and 96th wealthiest person in the world. As of April 2023, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index 2023, Kuok has an estimated net worth of $17.7 billion, making him the 97th richest person in the world. Although Kuok is a major figure in Malaysian business circles, he has remained media shy and maintains a low public profile despite his massive business success and immense wealth, with most of his companies being privately held by him or his family members. Apart presiding the ownership over a multitude of businesses spread across numerous industries in the Malaysian economic landscape, his companies have investments in many countries throughout Continental Asia. The biggest source of wealth that has contributed to his private fortune is a stake in Wilmar International, the world's largest listed palm oil trader company. In 2018, Kuok was appointed to the Council of Eminent Persons to advise Ex Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad.

Kuok was born on 6 October 1923 in Johor Bahru to a wealthy Malaysian Chinese family and was named after Robert the Bruce when he enrolled at an English primary school by his father’s English speaking clerk. Kuok's father Kuok Keng Kang arrived in Malaya from Fuzhou, China, at the beginning of the 20th century, and Robert was the youngest of three brothers born to Kuok Keng Kang and Robert's mother Zheng Ge Ru. He grew up speaking his parents' Fuzhou dialect, English and Japanese during Japan's wartime occupation of Malaya. He studied at Raffles Institution where he was classmate with the founding Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew and English College Johore Bahru.

According to Kuok himself, he began his business career as an office boy, and later started a business from scratch with financial backing coming from his relatives. After the senior Kuok died in 1948, Kuok and his two brothers and a cousin, Kuok Hock Chin founded Kuok Brothers Sdn Bhd in 1949, trading agricultural commodities. Kuok's relationship with the Japanese continued after Malaya gained independence. In 1959, Kuok formed Malayan Sugar Manufacturing Co. Bhd. together with two prominent Japanese partners. He also brought many influential Malay elites into his company as directors and shareholders, including politicians and royalty. In 1961, he bought cheap sugar from India before the prices shot up, and continued to invest heavily in sugar refineries, at one time controlling 80% of the Malaysian sugar market with production of 1.5 million tonnes, equivalent to 10% of world production, earning himself the nickname "Sugar King of Asia" in the process. In 1971, he built the first Shangri La Hotel in Singapore; with land acquired through Petaling Garden Berhad, a Malaysian based developer. His first foray into Hong Kong property was in 1977, when he acquired a plot of land on the newly reclaimed Tsim Sha Tsui East waterfront, where he built his second hotel, the Kowloon Shangri La. In 1993, his Kerry Group acquired a 34.9% stake in the South China Morning Post from Murdoch's News Corporation. Kuok officially retired from the Kerry Group on 1 April 1993. His companies have investments in many countries, including Singapore, the Philippines, Thailand, Mainland China, Indonesia, Fiji, and Australia. Businesses in China include 10 bottling companies for Coca Cola and the ownership of the Beijing World Trade Centre. On 31 October 2009, the PPB Group under the flagship of Robert Kuok issued a statement to the Bursa Malaysia that it had decided to dispose of its sugar units along with land used to cultivate sugar cane for RM 1.29 billion to FELDA. The sales resulted in a one off gain for the company. In February 2014, PACC Offshore Services Holdings (POSH), a Singaporean based oil services operator owned by Kuok started pre IPO talks with investors to list on the Singapore Stock Exchange to raise $400 million.

His political influence is attested by his selection as one of the Hong Kong Affairs Advisors in the run up to the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, and his minority stake in CITIC Pacific. He was also instrumental in conveying information and setting up the meetings between Malaysian and Chinese governments leading to full diplomatic cross recognition of the two countries. On 12 May 2018, in the aftermath of the Malaysian general election that year, Kuok was appointed to the five member Council of Eminent Persons along with Tun Daim Zainuddin, Tan Sri Datuk Seri Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Tan Sri Hassan Marican and Jomo Kwame Sundaram to advise the new Pakatan Harapan federal government.

Kuok has been married twice. His first wife was Joyce Cheah and his second wife is Pauline Ho Poh Lin. He has eight children from the marriages. One of his sons, Kuok Khoon Ean, handles most of the day to day operations of his businesses. He currently resides in Kuala Lumpur. Kuok's brother, Philip Kuok Hock Khee was a former Malaysian Ambassador to Germany, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and Denmark. Philip married Eileen Kuok and had two sons and two daughters. Philip Kuok died in 2003. Another brother, William Kuok Hock Ling, was a member of the Malayan Communist Party and was killed during the Malayan Emergency in 1952. According to his memoir, Kuok described that of all the brothers, his mother Zheng Ge Ru doted on and adored William the most, and was heartbroken when she received news of William's death. His nephew, Kuok Khoon Hong is the chairman of Wilmar International, and one of the richest people in Singapore. Kuok Khoon Hong's father, Kuok Hock Swee, was an older cousin of Robert Kuok. His grand nephew, Kuok Meng Ru, is in the music retail industry, owning Swee Lee music company. Kuok is a follower of Buddhism. He lives in the Deep Water Bay neighbourhood on Hong Kong Island.