Кіріспе
Гаукер – Ник Дентон мен Элизабет Спирс құрған, Нью-Йорк қаласында орналасқан, танымал тұлғалар мен медиа индустриясына бағытталған американдық блог. SimilarWeb мәліметтері бойынша, 2015 жылы сайтқа ай сайын 23 миллионнан астам кіріс тіркелген. 2002 жылы құрылған Гаукер, Дентонның Гаукер Медиасының флагмандық блогы болды. Гаукер Медиасы сондай-ақ Jezebel, io9, Deadspin және Kotaku сияқты басқа блогтарды басқарды. Гаукер авторлық құқықтарды немесе оның иелерінің жеке өмірін бұзған, немесе заңсыз жолмен алынған бейнелер, хабарламалар және басқа да мазмұнды жариялағаны үшін сынға ілікті. Гаукердің Халк Хоганды бейнелейтін секс-таспасын жариялағаннан кейін Хоган компанияны жеке өміріне қол сұғу ісі бойынша сотқа берді. Хоган миллиардер инвестор Питер Тильден қаржылық қолдау алды, ол Гаукердің өтініші бойынша өз қалауына қарсы жарияланған болатын. 2016 жылдың 10 маусымында Гаукер Хоганға 140 миллион доллар өтемақы төлеуге міндеттелгеннен кейін банкроттыққа өтініш берді. 2016 жылдың 18 тамызында Гаукер Медиасы өзінің атаулы блогы келесі аптада жұмысын тоқтататынын хабарлады. Баспасөз бостандығы қоры 2018 жылы Гаукер веб-сайты мен оның мақалаларын тәуелсіз түрде мұрағаттады. 2018 жылдың 12 шілдесінде Бюстл мен Элит Дейлидің иесі Брайан Голдберг Гаукер.com және оның архивін банкроттық аукционында 1,5 миллион доллардан кем сомаға сатып алды. Гаукер 2021 жылдың 28 шілдесінде Лия Финнеган редакторы ретінде Bustle Digital Group аясында қайта іске қосылды. 2023 жылдың қарашасында Гаукерді Менг Ру Куок сатып алды. Бұл сатып алуға Гаукердің цифрлық архиві кірмеді және барлық мақалалар веб-сайттан алынып тасталды. Гаукердің ресми іске қосылуы 2002 жылдың желтоқсан айында болды. Спирс Гаукерден кеткеннен кейін, оның орнына бұрынғы өнер сатушы Шоир Сича келді. 2008 жылы апта соңында жұмыс істейтін редактор Иан Шпигельман Гаукерден кетті, себебі Дентон оның досы Шила МакКлирды қандай да себепсіз жұмыстан шығарды. Ол бұл туралы сол кезде сайтта бірнеше түсініктеме берді, сондай-ақ салық төлеуден және жұмыспен қамту жәрдемақыларынан қашу үшін толық уақытты қызметкерлерді тәуелсіз мердігерлер ретінде жұмысқа алу практикасына қарсы шықты. 2008 жылдың 3 қазанында Гаукер алдағы айларда күтілетін экономикалық қиындықтарға жауап ретінде 19 қызметкердің жұмыстан босатылатынын хабарлады. Олардың көп бөлігі жарнамадан аз табыс көретін сайттардан келді. 2008 жылдың 12 қарашасында компания танымал блог-сайты Consumerist-ті сатуды және Valleywag-ті жабуды жариялады, басқарушы редактор Оуэн Томас Гаукерде бағанашы болып төмендетілді, ал қалған қызметкерлер жұмыстан босатылды. Кейбір мүшелер мен жазушылар иесі Ник Дентон Гаукер сайттарының барлығын әлі де табысты болғанда сатуға тырысып жатқанына шағымданып айтты. 2009 жылдың желтоқсанында Дентон Adweek журналынан «Онжылдықтың медиа кәсіпкері» номинациясын алды, ал Гаукер жарнамалық сауда тарапынан «Онжылдықтың блогы» деп аталды. Adweek журналының Брайан Моррисси: «Гаукер блогтанудың бейнесі болып қала береді: ол қозғайды, ерінбейді және қатты қызықты». 2010 жылдың ақпанында Дентон Гаукер «адамдар каталогы» CityFile.com сайтының иесі екенін жариялады, сондай-ақ сол сайттың редакторы мен баспашысы Реми Стернді Гаукердің жаңа бас редакторы етіп тағайындады. Алдыңғы 18 ай бойы бас редактор болып қызмет атқарған және сайттың оқырмандарын едәуір арттырған Габриэль Снайдер жұмыстан босатылатынын мәлімдеді. 2011 жылдың желтоқсанында Гаукер Медиа спорт сайтының бұрынғы бас редакторы А.Д. Даулерио Реми Стернді Гаукер бас редакторы лауазымына ауыстырды. Компания бірнеше бас редакторларды, редакторларға көмектесетін редакторларды және авторларды алмастырды, ал басқалары кетті. Ричард Лоусон The Atlantic журналының блогы Atlantic Wire-қа өтті. 2012 жылы сайт жаңа бас редакторы А.Д. Даулерио «көлік жезөкшелігі» және «SEO бомбасы» деп атаған нәрсеге назар аудара отырып, редакциялық мазмұннан бас тартты. 2013 жылдың қаңтарында Даулерио басқа Гаукер Медиа мүлкіне қатысты жауапкершілікті көбейтуді сұрады, бірақ қысқа уақыттан кейін баспагер Дентон оны жұмыстан шығарды. Даулерионың орнына ұзақ жылдар бойы Гаукерде жазған Джон Кук бас редактор болды. 2014 жылдың наурыз айында Макс Рид Гаукердің бас редакторы болды. 2014 жылдың сәуір айында жаңа жазу стилі бойынша интернеттегі жаргонға тыйым салынды. 2015 жылдың маусым айында Гаукер редакциясы кәсіподақ құруға дауыс берді. Жұмысшылар Америка Жазушылар Гильдиясына қосылды. Дауыс беруге құқығы бар қызметкерлердің шамамен үштен төрт бөлігі шешімді жақтады. Гаукер қызметкерлері дауыс беруді 2015 жылдың 28 мамырында жариялады. 2015 жылдың шілдесінде Read және Гаукер Медианың бас редакторы Томми Крэггс даулы мақаланы жою туралы шешімге наразылық білдіріп, жұмыстан кетті. Сайттың сол кездегі орынбасар редакторы Лия Бекман бас редактор міндетін уақытша атқарды. Оның орнына 2015 жылдың қазанында Алекс Пареен келді. 2016 жылдың 18 тамызында Гаукер Univision Communications Гаукер Медианың басқа алты веб-сайтын сатып алғаннан кейін жабылатынын хабарлады. Бұл веб-сайттар Univision аясында жұмыс істеуін жалғастырды, ал бөлімше Gizmodo Media Group деп аталды, Гаукер есімінен алшақтау үшін. Гаукердің қызметкерлері басқа алты веб-сайтқа немесе Univision-ның басқа бөлімдеріне ауыстырылды. Univision бастапқыда басқа веб-сайттарды сатып алғанда Гаукер веб-сайтын да сатып алған болатын, бірақ 2019 жылдың 23 қаңтарында Кософф пен Бреслоу Гриффиттің ұнатпаған жұмыс ортасындағы сөздеріне байланысты сайттан кетіп қалғанын жариялады. «Біз бәрі осылай аяқталғанына көңіл көшірдік, бірақ біз өзіміздің сезіміне және журналистік этикаға қайшы келетін адаммен немесе әйелдердің сөзін тыңдамайтын бас директормен [Брайан Голдберг] жұмыс істей алмаймыз», - деді Кософф пен Бреслоу мәлімдемеде. 2019 жылдың наурыз айында Дэн Перес сайттың бас редакторы болып тағайындалды. Esquire журналының Кейт Стори Гаукердің сәтсіз қайта іске қосылуының басты себебі – оны Bustle және Elite Daily сияқты басқа сайттардың табысымен қаржыландырылатын «престижді, журналистік қазынаға» айналдыру мақсаты екенін айтты, бірақ «BDG кеңесі мен Голдберг қызметкерлерді жұмысқа алуға қиындық туғызған, дау тудырған және, әрине, жұмыс істеуге қымбат болған сайтқа қызығуын жоғалтты (баяндамалар қымбат тұрады) және одан тиісті табыс көре алмады». 2021 жылдың 24 наурызында Нью-Йорк соты сот процесін тоқтату туралы өтінішті қабылдамады. 2023 жылдың 16 мамырында Нью-Йорк апелляциялық соты сот процесін тоқтатып берді. 2021 жылдың сәуір айында Гаукердің бұрынғы жазушысы Лия Финнеган бас редактор болып тағайындалғанын хабарлады. Финнеган қайта іске қосылған сайттың тоны туралы: «Қазіргі өркениет заңдары жоқ, ол бұрынғыдай болмайды» деді. Сайт 2021 жылдың 28 шілдесінде қайта іске қосылды. 2023 жылдың 1 ақпанында Bustle Digital Group Гаукерді компанияның жалпы кесу шараларының бөлігі ретінде жабатынын хабарлады. Компания қызметкерлеріне электрондық пошта арқылы: «2023 жылдың бірінші тоқсаны күткеннен қиын болғандықтан, компанияның өнеркәсіптің даму бағытына сәйкес инвестицияларын қайта бағалау туралы шешім қабылдады» деп хабарлады. 2023 жылы Менг Ру Куок сатып алуы (2023 – қазіргі уақыт)
2023 жылдың қарашасында Гаукер бренді мен домені Сингапурде орналасқан венчурлік капитал фирмасы Caldecott Music Group-тың негізін қалаушы Менг Ру Куок сатып алды. Куок Гаукерді қайта жаңарту қажеттігін айтты және «қандай жоспарлар болса да, ол бұрынғыдан мүлдем басқаша болады» деді. Алайда, цифрлық архив бұл сатып алуға кірмеді және барлық мақалалар Гаукер веб-сайтынан алынып тасталды.
Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers that was based in New York City and focused on celebrities and the media industry. According to SimilarWeb, the site had over 23 million visits per month as of 2015. Founded in 2002, Gawker was the flagship blog for Denton's Gawker Media. Gawker Media also managed other blogs such as Jezebel, io9, Deadspin and Kotaku. Gawker had come under scrutiny for posting videos, communications and other content that violated copyrights or the privacy of its owners, or was illegally obtained. Gawker publication of a sex tape featuring Hulk Hogan led Hogan to sue the company for invasion of privacy. Hogan received financial support from billionaire investor Peter Thiel, who had been outed by Gawker against his wishes. On June 10, 2016, Gawker filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay Hogan $140 million in damages. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its namesake blog would be ceasing operations the following week. The Freedom of the Press Foundation independently archived the Gawker website and its articles in 2018. On July 12, 2018, Bryan Goldberg, owner of Bustle and Elite Daily, purchased Gawker. com and its archive in a bankruptcy auction for less than $1.5 million. Gawker relaunched under the Bustle Digital Group on July 28, 2021, with Leah Finnegan as editor. In November 2023, Gawker was acquired by Meng Ru Kuok. The Gawker digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the website. Gawker'''s official launch was in December 2002. When Spiers left Gawker, she was replaced by Choire Sicha, a former art dealer. In 2008, weekend editor Ian Spiegelman quit Gawker because Denton fired his friend Sheila McClear without cause. He made that clear in several comments on the site at the time, also denouncing what he said was its practice of hiring full time employees as independent contractors in order to avoid paying taxes and employment benefits. On October 3, 2008, Gawker announced that 19 staff members were being laid off in response to expected economic hardships in the coming months. Most came from sites with low ad revenue. On November 12, 2008, the company announced selling the popular blog site Consumerist and the folding of Valleywag, with managing editor Owen Thomas being demoted to a columnist on Gawker, and the rest of the staff being laid off. Some members and staff writers complained that owner Nick Denton was looking to sell out all of the Gawker sites while they were still profitable. In December 2009, Denton was nominated for "Media Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Adweek, and Gawker was named "Blog of the Decade" by the advertising trade. Brian Morrissey of Adweek said "Gawker remains the epitome of blogging: provocative, brash, and wildly entertaining". In February 2010, Denton announced that Gawker was acquiring the "people directory" site CityFile. com, and was hiring that site's editor and publisher, Remy Stern, as the new editor in chief of Gawker. Gabriel Snyder, who had been editor in chief for the previous 18 months and had greatly increased the site's readership, released a memo saying he was being let go from the job. In December 2011, A. J. Daulerio, former editor in chief of Gawker Media sports site Deadspin, replaced Remy Stern as editor in chief at Gawker. The company replaced several other editors, contributing editors, and authors; others left. Richard Lawson went to the Atlantic Wire, a blog of the magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012, the website changed its focus away from editorial content and toward what its new editor in chief A. J. Daulerio called "traffic whoring" and "SEO bomb throws". In January 2013 Daulerio reportedly asked for more responsibility over other Gawker Media properties, but after a short time was pushed out by publisher Denton. Daulerio was replaced as editor in chief by longtime Gawker writer John Cook. In March 2014, Max Read became the Gawkers editor in chief. In April 2014, using internet slang was banned per new writing style guidelines. In June 2015, Gawker editorial staff voted to unionize. Employees joined the Writers Guild of America. Approximately three fourths of employees eligible to vote voted in favor of the decision. Gawker staff announced the vote on May 28, 2015. Following the decision to delete a controversial story in July 2015 , Read and Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs resigned in protest. Leah Beckmann, the site's then deputy editor, took over as interim editor in chief. She was replaced in October 2015 by Alex Pareene. On August 18, 2016, Gawker announced that it would be shutting down after Univision Communications acquired Gawker Media's six other websites. These websites continued to operate under Univision which named the unit Gizmodo Media Group in an effort to distance itself from the Gawker name. Gawkers employees were transferred to the other six websites or elsewhere in Univision. While Univision initially acquired the Gawker website when it purchased the other websites, However, on January 23, 2019, Kosoff and Breslaw announced they were quitting the site over offensive workplace comments made by Griffith. "We're disappointed it ended this way, but we can't continue to work under someone who is antithetical to our sensibility and journalistic ethics, or for an employer [CEO Bryan Goldberg] who refuses to listen to the women who work for him when it's inconvenient," Kosoff and Breslaw said in a statement. In March 2019, Dan Peres was announced as the site's editor in chief. Kate Storey of Esquire outlined the leading theory on the failed relaunch was that it aimed to turn Gawker into "the prestigious, journalistic gem of BDG, kept afloat by the profits of other sites like Bustle and Elite Daily", however, "the BDG board and Goldberg soon lost interest in a site that was proving difficult to staff, a lightning rod for controversy, and, ultimately, expensive to operate (reporting is expensive) while not generating commensurate revenue". On March 24, 2021, a New York judge denied a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On May 16, 2023, a New York appeals court dismissed the lawsuit. In April 2021, it was reported that Gawker would relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan tapped as editor in chief. Finnegan has said, of the tone of the relaunched site, that "[ ] current laws of civility mean that no, it can't be exactly what it once was." The site relaunched on July 28, 2021. On February 1, 2023, Bustle Digital Group announced that it would shut down Gawker as part of company wide cuts. The company e mailed employees, "facing a surprisingly difficult first quarter of 2023, [it] had made the decision to reprioritize some of its investments that better position the company for the direction we see the industry moving." Purchase by Meng Ru Kuok (2023–present)
In November 2023, the Gawker brand and domain were purchased by Meng Ru Kuok, the founder of Singapore based venture capital firm Caldecott Music Group. Kuok stated a need for Gawker's reinvention and that "whatever plans materialize, what's for sure is that it won't be the same as it was before". However, the digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the Gawker website. Staff
Editor in chief
Editor in chiefEditor fromEditor toElizabeth Spiers20032003Choire Sicha20032004Jessica Coen20042006Jesse Oxfeld20052006Alex Balk20062007Emily Gould20062007Choire Sicha20072007Gabriel Snyder20092010Remy Stern20102011A. J. Daulerio20122013 John Cook20132014Max Read20142015Leah Beckmann20152015Alex Pareene20152016Dan Peres20192019 Leah Finnegan20212023
Content
Gawker usually published more than 20 posts daily during the week, sometimes reaching 30 posts a day, with limited publishing on the weekends. The site also published content from its sister sites. Gawkers content consisted of celebrity and media industry gossip, critiques of mainstream news outlets, and New York centric stories. The stories generally came from anonymous tips from media employees, found mistakes and faux pas in news stories caught by readers and other blogs, and original reporting. On July 3, 2006, when publisher Nick Denton replaced Jesse Oxfeld with Alex Balk, Oxfeld claimed it was an attempt to make the blog more mainstream and less media focused, ending a tradition of heavy media coverage at Gawker. Denton announced in a staff memo in November 2015 that the site was switching from covering New York and the media world to focus primarily on politics. Archive
Gawker'''s website with its content initially remained online following its shutdown in 2016. Christopher Bonanos of New York argued in 2016 that the Gawker archive was worth preservation – "the early content of Gawker, in particular, is of real significance in the history of journalism. [ ] But whether you like it or not, or mimic it or not, what they did changed the way things are done. For that alone, it is (and will be) worth study, and is thus worth preserving". In 2017, academics Katherine Boss and Meredith Broussard commented that "the archives included, crucially, not just the articles but also the comments and the dialogue that readers had with the authors. Yet no advance plans had been made for Gawker's archives, and the abruptness of the bankruptcy and the sale, compounded by the controversial nature of the site and its implosion, made it even more difficult to save at the last minute". Their review of the independent archive status in July 2017 "showed that archive. org had more than 16,000 snapshots of www. gawker. com dating back to 2003, with substantial gaps in coverage [ ]. Quality assurance of each post was hit or miss, and comments were also archived only intermittently". Parker Higgins, the Freedom of the Press Foundation's director of special projects, said they wanted to "reduce the 'upside' for wealthy individuals and organizations who would eliminate embarrassing or unflattering coverage by purchasing outlets outright. In other words, we hope that sites that can't simply be made to disappear will show some immunity to the billionaire problem". as of 2023, the Gawker website no longer displays its articles following the purchase of the Gawker brand without the purchase of the archive. Hogan sent Gawker a cease and desist order to take the video down, but Denton refused. Denton cited the First Amendment and argued that the accompanying commentary had news value. Judge Pamela Campbell issued an injunction ordering Gawker to take down the clip. In April 2013, Gawker wrote, "A judge told us to take down our Hulk Hogan sex tape post. We won't." It also stated that "we are refusing to comply" with the order of the circuit court judge. Gawkers actions have been criticized as hypocritical since they heavily criticized other media outlets and websites for publishing hacked nude pictures of celebrities. Hogan filed a lawsuit against Gawker and Denton for violating his privacy, asking for $100 million in damages; the trial was slated for July 2015. The cost of the lawsuit was partly funded by Peter Thiel, whom Gawker had previously outed in 2007. In January 2016, Gawker Media received its first outside investment by selling a minority stake to Columbus Nova Technology Partners. Denton stated that the deal was reached in part to bolster its financial position in response to the Hogan case. In March 2016, Hulk Hogan was awarded $140 million in damages by a Florida jury in an invasion of privacy case over Gawkers publication of a sex tape: on March 18, Hogan was awarded $55 million for economic harm and $60 million for emotional distress; on March 21, 2016, the jury awarded Hogan a further $25 million in punitive damages. On November 2, Gawker reached a $31 million settlement with Hogan. Outing of Peter Thiel as gay
In 2007, Gawker published an article by Owen Thomas allegedly outing Silicon Valley venture capitalist Peter Thiel as gay, although Thomas contends the article did not constitute outing since Thiel's sexuality had been "known to a wide circle" in the Bay Area. This together with a series of articles about his friends and others that he said "ruined people's lives for no reason" motivated Thiel to fund lawsuits against Gawker by people complaining that their privacy had been invaded, including Hulk Hogan. Condé Nast executive prostitution claims
On July 16, 2015, Gawker reporter Jordan Sargent posted a story about a gay porn star's alleged text correspondence with a married executive from a competing media company, Condé Nast. The article claimed Condé Nast CFO David Geithner had planned to go to Chicago to meet a male escort, and pay him $2,500 for sex. The article also claimed that after the escort requested Geithner settle the escort's housing dispute, he cancelled the meetup, and the escort went to Gawker to publicize the alleged incident. The post sparked heavy criticism for outing the executive, both within and outside Gawker. Denton removed the story the next day, after Gawker Media's managing partnership voted 4–2 to remove the post—marking the first time the website had "removed a significant news story for any reason other than factual error or legal settlement." On July 20, 2015, Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs and Gawker. com editor in chief Max Read posted their resignations from the company, citing the lack of transparency by and independence from the company's management over the post's removal, rather than the concerns over the post's issues and received criticism, as the cause. Denton offered staff who disagreed with the actions a buyout option, which was accepted by staff including features editor Leah Finnegan and senior editor and writer Caity Weaver. Denton defended the story's writer, Sargent, who remained in his job. According to The Daily Beast, "a source familiar with the situation said Gawker ultimately paid the subject of the offending article a tidy undisclosed sum in order to avoid another lawsuit." Gawker Media President and General Counsel Heather Dietrick declined to confirm or deny there was a settlement. Bankruptcy
On June 10, 2016, Gawker Media and its associated subsidiaries Gawker Sales, Gawker Entertainment, Gawker Technology and Blogwire filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, following the loss of the Hogan lawsuit. CNBC also reported that Gawker Media would be put up for auction following the bankruptcy filing. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its flagship blog, gawker. com, would be ceasing operations the following week. Gawker Stalker
On March 14, 2006, Gawker launched Gawker Stalker Maps, a mashup of the site's Gawker Stalker feature and Google Maps. After this, Gawker Stalker—originally a weekly roundup of celebrity sightings in New York City submitted by Gawker readers—was frequently updated, and the sightings are displayed on a map. The feature sparked criticism from celebrities and publicists for encouraging stalking. George Clooney's representative Stan Rosenfeld described Gawker Stalker as "a dangerous thing". Jessica Coen said that the map is harmless, that Gawker readers are "for the most part, a very educated, well meaning bunch", and that "if there is someone really intending to do a celebrity harm, there are much better ways to go about doing that than looking at the Gawker Stalker". On April 6, 2007, Emily Gould appeared on an edition of Larry King Live hosted by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel during a panel discussion titled "Paparazzi: Do They Go Too Far?" and was asked about the Gawker Stalker. Kimmel accused the site of potentially assisting real stalkers, adding that Gould and her website could ultimately be responsible for someone's death. Kimmel continued to claim a lack of veracity in Gawker published stories, and the potential for libel it presents. At the end of the exchange Gould said that she didn't "think it was OK" for websites to publish false information, after which Kimmel said she should "check your website then." Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, Gawker mirrored the Scientology video featuring Tom Cruise from the recently removed posting on YouTube. They soon posted a copyright infringement notice written by lawyers for Scientology. By July 2009, the video had not been removed and no lawsuit was filed. Sarah Palin email leak
On September 17, 2008, in reporting that pranksters associated with 4chan had hacked the personal e mail account of Alaska Governor and vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, Gawker published screenshots of the emails, photos, and address list obtained by the hackers. While accessing personal e mail accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey Jones is that perpetrators may be prosecuted only for reading "unopened" emails. FBI Spokesman Eric Gonzalez in Anchorage, Alaska, confirmed that an investigation was underway. Christine O'Donnell
On October 28, 2010, Gawker posted an anonymous post entitled "I Had a One Night Stand with Christine O'Donnell". The piece discussed an alleged sexual encounter with O'Donnell, the Republican nominee in the 2010 Senate special election in Delaware. However, according to the writer, O'Donnell only slept naked with the anonymous writer and did not have sex with him. The National Organization for Women condemned the piece as "slut shaming". NOW's president, Terry O'Neill, stated, "It operates as public sexual harassment. And like all sexual harassment, it targets not only O'Donnell, but all women contemplating stepping into the public sphere." Salon's Justin Elliott criticized the ad hominem nature of the article, tweeting "Today, we are all Christine O'Donnell." Gawker. com reportedly paid in the "low four figures" for the story. Denton defended it, praising its "brilliant packaging". Chris Lee Craigslist emails
In February 2011, Gawker posted an email exchange between United States Congressman Chris Lee and a woman he had met through a personal ad on Craigslist. The emails included the married Lee describing himself as a divorced lobbyist and a photo of him posing shirtless. Lee resigned his Congressional seat within hours of Gawkers story. The hacker group stated that they went after Gawker for their "outright arrogance" and for a previous feud between Gawker and 4chan. Gawker asked all its users to change their passwords and posted an advisory notice as well. The following day, a database dump of user credentials, chat logs, and source code of the Gawker website was made available on The Pirate Bay, among other BitTorrent trackers.
Қызметкерлер
Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers that was based in New York City and focused on celebrities and the media industry. According to SimilarWeb, the site had over 23 million visits per month as of 2015. Founded in 2002, Gawker was the flagship blog for Denton's Gawker Media. Gawker Media also managed other blogs such as Jezebel, io9, Deadspin and Kotaku. Gawker had come under scrutiny for posting videos, communications and other content that violated copyrights or the privacy of its owners, or was illegally obtained. Gawker publication of a sex tape featuring Hulk Hogan led Hogan to sue the company for invasion of privacy. Hogan received financial support from billionaire investor Peter Thiel, who had been outed by Gawker against his wishes. On June 10, 2016, Gawker filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay Hogan $140 million in damages. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its namesake blog would be ceasing operations the following week. The Freedom of the Press Foundation independently archived the Gawker website and its articles in 2018. On July 12, 2018, Bryan Goldberg, owner of Bustle and Elite Daily, purchased Gawker. com and its archive in a bankruptcy auction for less than $1.5 million. Gawker relaunched under the Bustle Digital Group on July 28, 2021, with Leah Finnegan as editor. In November 2023, Gawker was acquired by Meng Ru Kuok. The Gawker digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the website. Gawker'''s official launch was in December 2002. When Spiers left Gawker, she was replaced by Choire Sicha, a former art dealer. In 2008, weekend editor Ian Spiegelman quit Gawker because Denton fired his friend Sheila McClear without cause. He made that clear in several comments on the site at the time, also denouncing what he said was its practice of hiring full time employees as independent contractors in order to avoid paying taxes and employment benefits. On October 3, 2008, Gawker announced that 19 staff members were being laid off in response to expected economic hardships in the coming months. Most came from sites with low ad revenue. On November 12, 2008, the company announced selling the popular blog site Consumerist and the folding of Valleywag, with managing editor Owen Thomas being demoted to a columnist on Gawker, and the rest of the staff being laid off. Some members and staff writers complained that owner Nick Denton was looking to sell out all of the Gawker sites while they were still profitable. In December 2009, Denton was nominated for "Media Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Adweek, and Gawker was named "Blog of the Decade" by the advertising trade. Brian Morrissey of Adweek said "Gawker remains the epitome of blogging: provocative, brash, and wildly entertaining". In February 2010, Denton announced that Gawker was acquiring the "people directory" site CityFile. com, and was hiring that site's editor and publisher, Remy Stern, as the new editor in chief of Gawker. Gabriel Snyder, who had been editor in chief for the previous 18 months and had greatly increased the site's readership, released a memo saying he was being let go from the job. In December 2011, A. J. Daulerio, former editor in chief of Gawker Media sports site Deadspin, replaced Remy Stern as editor in chief at Gawker. The company replaced several other editors, contributing editors, and authors; others left. Richard Lawson went to the Atlantic Wire, a blog of the magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012, the website changed its focus away from editorial content and toward what its new editor in chief A. J. Daulerio called "traffic whoring" and "SEO bomb throws". In January 2013 Daulerio reportedly asked for more responsibility over other Gawker Media properties, but after a short time was pushed out by publisher Denton. Daulerio was replaced as editor in chief by longtime Gawker writer John Cook. In March 2014, Max Read became the Gawkers editor in chief. In April 2014, using internet slang was banned per new writing style guidelines. In June 2015, Gawker editorial staff voted to unionize. Employees joined the Writers Guild of America. Approximately three fourths of employees eligible to vote voted in favor of the decision. Gawker staff announced the vote on May 28, 2015. Following the decision to delete a controversial story in July 2015 , Read and Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs resigned in protest. Leah Beckmann, the site's then deputy editor, took over as interim editor in chief. She was replaced in October 2015 by Alex Pareene. On August 18, 2016, Gawker announced that it would be shutting down after Univision Communications acquired Gawker Media's six other websites. These websites continued to operate under Univision which named the unit Gizmodo Media Group in an effort to distance itself from the Gawker name. Gawkers employees were transferred to the other six websites or elsewhere in Univision. While Univision initially acquired the Gawker website when it purchased the other websites, However, on January 23, 2019, Kosoff and Breslaw announced they were quitting the site over offensive workplace comments made by Griffith. "We're disappointed it ended this way, but we can't continue to work under someone who is antithetical to our sensibility and journalistic ethics, or for an employer [CEO Bryan Goldberg] who refuses to listen to the women who work for him when it's inconvenient," Kosoff and Breslaw said in a statement. In March 2019, Dan Peres was announced as the site's editor in chief. Kate Storey of Esquire outlined the leading theory on the failed relaunch was that it aimed to turn Gawker into "the prestigious, journalistic gem of BDG, kept afloat by the profits of other sites like Bustle and Elite Daily", however, "the BDG board and Goldberg soon lost interest in a site that was proving difficult to staff, a lightning rod for controversy, and, ultimately, expensive to operate (reporting is expensive) while not generating commensurate revenue". On March 24, 2021, a New York judge denied a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On May 16, 2023, a New York appeals court dismissed the lawsuit. In April 2021, it was reported that Gawker would relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan tapped as editor in chief. Finnegan has said, of the tone of the relaunched site, that "[ ] current laws of civility mean that no, it can't be exactly what it once was." The site relaunched on July 28, 2021. On February 1, 2023, Bustle Digital Group announced that it would shut down Gawker as part of company wide cuts. The company e mailed employees, "facing a surprisingly difficult first quarter of 2023, [it] had made the decision to reprioritize some of its investments that better position the company for the direction we see the industry moving." Purchase by Meng Ru Kuok (2023–present)
In November 2023, the Gawker brand and domain were purchased by Meng Ru Kuok, the founder of Singapore based venture capital firm Caldecott Music Group. Kuok stated a need for Gawker's reinvention and that "whatever plans materialize, what's for sure is that it won't be the same as it was before". However, the digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the Gawker website. Staff
Editor in chief
Editor in chiefEditor fromEditor toElizabeth Spiers20032003Choire Sicha20032004Jessica Coen20042006Jesse Oxfeld20052006Alex Balk20062007Emily Gould20062007Choire Sicha20072007Gabriel Snyder20092010Remy Stern20102011A. J. Daulerio20122013 John Cook20132014Max Read20142015Leah Beckmann20152015Alex Pareene20152016Dan Peres20192019 Leah Finnegan20212023
Content
Gawker usually published more than 20 posts daily during the week, sometimes reaching 30 posts a day, with limited publishing on the weekends. The site also published content from its sister sites. Gawkers content consisted of celebrity and media industry gossip, critiques of mainstream news outlets, and New York centric stories. The stories generally came from anonymous tips from media employees, found mistakes and faux pas in news stories caught by readers and other blogs, and original reporting. On July 3, 2006, when publisher Nick Denton replaced Jesse Oxfeld with Alex Balk, Oxfeld claimed it was an attempt to make the blog more mainstream and less media focused, ending a tradition of heavy media coverage at Gawker. Denton announced in a staff memo in November 2015 that the site was switching from covering New York and the media world to focus primarily on politics. Archive
Gawker'''s website with its content initially remained online following its shutdown in 2016. Christopher Bonanos of New York argued in 2016 that the Gawker archive was worth preservation – "the early content of Gawker, in particular, is of real significance in the history of journalism. [ ] But whether you like it or not, or mimic it or not, what they did changed the way things are done. For that alone, it is (and will be) worth study, and is thus worth preserving". In 2017, academics Katherine Boss and Meredith Broussard commented that "the archives included, crucially, not just the articles but also the comments and the dialogue that readers had with the authors. Yet no advance plans had been made for Gawker's archives, and the abruptness of the bankruptcy and the sale, compounded by the controversial nature of the site and its implosion, made it even more difficult to save at the last minute". Their review of the independent archive status in July 2017 "showed that archive. org had more than 16,000 snapshots of www. gawker. com dating back to 2003, with substantial gaps in coverage [ ]. Quality assurance of each post was hit or miss, and comments were also archived only intermittently". Parker Higgins, the Freedom of the Press Foundation's director of special projects, said they wanted to "reduce the 'upside' for wealthy individuals and organizations who would eliminate embarrassing or unflattering coverage by purchasing outlets outright. In other words, we hope that sites that can't simply be made to disappear will show some immunity to the billionaire problem". as of 2023, the Gawker website no longer displays its articles following the purchase of the Gawker brand without the purchase of the archive. Hogan sent Gawker a cease and desist order to take the video down, but Denton refused. Denton cited the First Amendment and argued that the accompanying commentary had news value. Judge Pamela Campbell issued an injunction ordering Gawker to take down the clip. In April 2013, Gawker wrote, "A judge told us to take down our Hulk Hogan sex tape post. We won't." It also stated that "we are refusing to comply" with the order of the circuit court judge. Gawkers actions have been criticized as hypocritical since they heavily criticized other media outlets and websites for publishing hacked nude pictures of celebrities. Hogan filed a lawsuit against Gawker and Denton for violating his privacy, asking for $100 million in damages; the trial was slated for July 2015. The cost of the lawsuit was partly funded by Peter Thiel, whom Gawker had previously outed in 2007. In January 2016, Gawker Media received its first outside investment by selling a minority stake to Columbus Nova Technology Partners. Denton stated that the deal was reached in part to bolster its financial position in response to the Hogan case. In March 2016, Hulk Hogan was awarded $140 million in damages by a Florida jury in an invasion of privacy case over Gawkers publication of a sex tape: on March 18, Hogan was awarded $55 million for economic harm and $60 million for emotional distress; on March 21, 2016, the jury awarded Hogan a further $25 million in punitive damages. On November 2, Gawker reached a $31 million settlement with Hogan. Outing of Peter Thiel as gay
In 2007, Gawker published an article by Owen Thomas allegedly outing Silicon Valley venture capitalist Peter Thiel as gay, although Thomas contends the article did not constitute outing since Thiel's sexuality had been "known to a wide circle" in the Bay Area. This together with a series of articles about his friends and others that he said "ruined people's lives for no reason" motivated Thiel to fund lawsuits against Gawker by people complaining that their privacy had been invaded, including Hulk Hogan. Condé Nast executive prostitution claims
On July 16, 2015, Gawker reporter Jordan Sargent posted a story about a gay porn star's alleged text correspondence with a married executive from a competing media company, Condé Nast. The article claimed Condé Nast CFO David Geithner had planned to go to Chicago to meet a male escort, and pay him $2,500 for sex. The article also claimed that after the escort requested Geithner settle the escort's housing dispute, he cancelled the meetup, and the escort went to Gawker to publicize the alleged incident. The post sparked heavy criticism for outing the executive, both within and outside Gawker. Denton removed the story the next day, after Gawker Media's managing partnership voted 4–2 to remove the post—marking the first time the website had "removed a significant news story for any reason other than factual error or legal settlement." On July 20, 2015, Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs and Gawker. com editor in chief Max Read posted their resignations from the company, citing the lack of transparency by and independence from the company's management over the post's removal, rather than the concerns over the post's issues and received criticism, as the cause. Denton offered staff who disagreed with the actions a buyout option, which was accepted by staff including features editor Leah Finnegan and senior editor and writer Caity Weaver. Denton defended the story's writer, Sargent, who remained in his job. According to The Daily Beast, "a source familiar with the situation said Gawker ultimately paid the subject of the offending article a tidy undisclosed sum in order to avoid another lawsuit." Gawker Media President and General Counsel Heather Dietrick declined to confirm or deny there was a settlement. Bankruptcy
On June 10, 2016, Gawker Media and its associated subsidiaries Gawker Sales, Gawker Entertainment, Gawker Technology and Blogwire filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, following the loss of the Hogan lawsuit. CNBC also reported that Gawker Media would be put up for auction following the bankruptcy filing. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its flagship blog, gawker. com, would be ceasing operations the following week. Gawker Stalker
On March 14, 2006, Gawker launched Gawker Stalker Maps, a mashup of the site's Gawker Stalker feature and Google Maps. After this, Gawker Stalker—originally a weekly roundup of celebrity sightings in New York City submitted by Gawker readers—was frequently updated, and the sightings are displayed on a map. The feature sparked criticism from celebrities and publicists for encouraging stalking. George Clooney's representative Stan Rosenfeld described Gawker Stalker as "a dangerous thing". Jessica Coen said that the map is harmless, that Gawker readers are "for the most part, a very educated, well meaning bunch", and that "if there is someone really intending to do a celebrity harm, there are much better ways to go about doing that than looking at the Gawker Stalker". On April 6, 2007, Emily Gould appeared on an edition of Larry King Live hosted by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel during a panel discussion titled "Paparazzi: Do They Go Too Far?" and was asked about the Gawker Stalker. Kimmel accused the site of potentially assisting real stalkers, adding that Gould and her website could ultimately be responsible for someone's death. Kimmel continued to claim a lack of veracity in Gawker published stories, and the potential for libel it presents. At the end of the exchange Gould said that she didn't "think it was OK" for websites to publish false information, after which Kimmel said she should "check your website then." Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, Gawker mirrored the Scientology video featuring Tom Cruise from the recently removed posting on YouTube. They soon posted a copyright infringement notice written by lawyers for Scientology. By July 2009, the video had not been removed and no lawsuit was filed. Sarah Palin email leak
On September 17, 2008, in reporting that pranksters associated with 4chan had hacked the personal e mail account of Alaska Governor and vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, Gawker published screenshots of the emails, photos, and address list obtained by the hackers. While accessing personal e mail accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey Jones is that perpetrators may be prosecuted only for reading "unopened" emails. FBI Spokesman Eric Gonzalez in Anchorage, Alaska, confirmed that an investigation was underway. Christine O'Donnell
On October 28, 2010, Gawker posted an anonymous post entitled "I Had a One Night Stand with Christine O'Donnell". The piece discussed an alleged sexual encounter with O'Donnell, the Republican nominee in the 2010 Senate special election in Delaware. However, according to the writer, O'Donnell only slept naked with the anonymous writer and did not have sex with him. The National Organization for Women condemned the piece as "slut shaming". NOW's president, Terry O'Neill, stated, "It operates as public sexual harassment. And like all sexual harassment, it targets not only O'Donnell, but all women contemplating stepping into the public sphere." Salon's Justin Elliott criticized the ad hominem nature of the article, tweeting "Today, we are all Christine O'Donnell." Gawker. com reportedly paid in the "low four figures" for the story. Denton defended it, praising its "brilliant packaging". Chris Lee Craigslist emails
In February 2011, Gawker posted an email exchange between United States Congressman Chris Lee and a woman he had met through a personal ad on Craigslist. The emails included the married Lee describing himself as a divorced lobbyist and a photo of him posing shirtless. Lee resigned his Congressional seat within hours of Gawkers story. The hacker group stated that they went after Gawker for their "outright arrogance" and for a previous feud between Gawker and 4chan. Gawker asked all its users to change their passwords and posted an advisory notice as well. The following day, a database dump of user credentials, chat logs, and source code of the Gawker website was made available on The Pirate Bay, among other BitTorrent trackers.
Бас редактор
Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers that was based in New York City and focused on celebrities and the media industry. According to SimilarWeb, the site had over 23 million visits per month as of 2015. Founded in 2002, Gawker was the flagship blog for Denton's Gawker Media. Gawker Media also managed other blogs such as Jezebel, io9, Deadspin and Kotaku. Gawker had come under scrutiny for posting videos, communications and other content that violated copyrights or the privacy of its owners, or was illegally obtained. Gawker publication of a sex tape featuring Hulk Hogan led Hogan to sue the company for invasion of privacy. Hogan received financial support from billionaire investor Peter Thiel, who had been outed by Gawker against his wishes. On June 10, 2016, Gawker filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay Hogan $140 million in damages. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its namesake blog would be ceasing operations the following week. The Freedom of the Press Foundation independently archived the Gawker website and its articles in 2018. On July 12, 2018, Bryan Goldberg, owner of Bustle and Elite Daily, purchased Gawker. com and its archive in a bankruptcy auction for less than $1.5 million. Gawker relaunched under the Bustle Digital Group on July 28, 2021, with Leah Finnegan as editor. In November 2023, Gawker was acquired by Meng Ru Kuok. The Gawker digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the website. Gawker'''s official launch was in December 2002. When Spiers left Gawker, she was replaced by Choire Sicha, a former art dealer. In 2008, weekend editor Ian Spiegelman quit Gawker because Denton fired his friend Sheila McClear without cause. He made that clear in several comments on the site at the time, also denouncing what he said was its practice of hiring full time employees as independent contractors in order to avoid paying taxes and employment benefits. On October 3, 2008, Gawker announced that 19 staff members were being laid off in response to expected economic hardships in the coming months. Most came from sites with low ad revenue. On November 12, 2008, the company announced selling the popular blog site Consumerist and the folding of Valleywag, with managing editor Owen Thomas being demoted to a columnist on Gawker, and the rest of the staff being laid off. Some members and staff writers complained that owner Nick Denton was looking to sell out all of the Gawker sites while they were still profitable. In December 2009, Denton was nominated for "Media Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Adweek, and Gawker was named "Blog of the Decade" by the advertising trade. Brian Morrissey of Adweek said "Gawker remains the epitome of blogging: provocative, brash, and wildly entertaining". In February 2010, Denton announced that Gawker was acquiring the "people directory" site CityFile. com, and was hiring that site's editor and publisher, Remy Stern, as the new editor in chief of Gawker. Gabriel Snyder, who had been editor in chief for the previous 18 months and had greatly increased the site's readership, released a memo saying he was being let go from the job. In December 2011, A. J. Daulerio, former editor in chief of Gawker Media sports site Deadspin, replaced Remy Stern as editor in chief at Gawker. The company replaced several other editors, contributing editors, and authors; others left. Richard Lawson went to the Atlantic Wire, a blog of the magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012, the website changed its focus away from editorial content and toward what its new editor in chief A. J. Daulerio called "traffic whoring" and "SEO bomb throws". In January 2013 Daulerio reportedly asked for more responsibility over other Gawker Media properties, but after a short time was pushed out by publisher Denton. Daulerio was replaced as editor in chief by longtime Gawker writer John Cook. In March 2014, Max Read became the Gawkers editor in chief. In April 2014, using internet slang was banned per new writing style guidelines. In June 2015, Gawker editorial staff voted to unionize. Employees joined the Writers Guild of America. Approximately three fourths of employees eligible to vote voted in favor of the decision. Gawker staff announced the vote on May 28, 2015. Following the decision to delete a controversial story in July 2015 , Read and Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs resigned in protest. Leah Beckmann, the site's then deputy editor, took over as interim editor in chief. She was replaced in October 2015 by Alex Pareene. On August 18, 2016, Gawker announced that it would be shutting down after Univision Communications acquired Gawker Media's six other websites. These websites continued to operate under Univision which named the unit Gizmodo Media Group in an effort to distance itself from the Gawker name. Gawkers employees were transferred to the other six websites or elsewhere in Univision. While Univision initially acquired the Gawker website when it purchased the other websites, However, on January 23, 2019, Kosoff and Breslaw announced they were quitting the site over offensive workplace comments made by Griffith. "We're disappointed it ended this way, but we can't continue to work under someone who is antithetical to our sensibility and journalistic ethics, or for an employer [CEO Bryan Goldberg] who refuses to listen to the women who work for him when it's inconvenient," Kosoff and Breslaw said in a statement. In March 2019, Dan Peres was announced as the site's editor in chief. Kate Storey of Esquire outlined the leading theory on the failed relaunch was that it aimed to turn Gawker into "the prestigious, journalistic gem of BDG, kept afloat by the profits of other sites like Bustle and Elite Daily", however, "the BDG board and Goldberg soon lost interest in a site that was proving difficult to staff, a lightning rod for controversy, and, ultimately, expensive to operate (reporting is expensive) while not generating commensurate revenue". On March 24, 2021, a New York judge denied a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On May 16, 2023, a New York appeals court dismissed the lawsuit. In April 2021, it was reported that Gawker would relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan tapped as editor in chief. Finnegan has said, of the tone of the relaunched site, that "[ ] current laws of civility mean that no, it can't be exactly what it once was." The site relaunched on July 28, 2021. On February 1, 2023, Bustle Digital Group announced that it would shut down Gawker as part of company wide cuts. The company e mailed employees, "facing a surprisingly difficult first quarter of 2023, [it] had made the decision to reprioritize some of its investments that better position the company for the direction we see the industry moving." Purchase by Meng Ru Kuok (2023–present)
In November 2023, the Gawker brand and domain were purchased by Meng Ru Kuok, the founder of Singapore based venture capital firm Caldecott Music Group. Kuok stated a need for Gawker's reinvention and that "whatever plans materialize, what's for sure is that it won't be the same as it was before". However, the digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the Gawker website. Staff
Editor in chief
Editor in chiefEditor fromEditor toElizabeth Spiers20032003Choire Sicha20032004Jessica Coen20042006Jesse Oxfeld20052006Alex Balk20062007Emily Gould20062007Choire Sicha20072007Gabriel Snyder20092010Remy Stern20102011A. J. Daulerio20122013 John Cook20132014Max Read20142015Leah Beckmann20152015Alex Pareene20152016Dan Peres20192019 Leah Finnegan20212023
Content
Gawker usually published more than 20 posts daily during the week, sometimes reaching 30 posts a day, with limited publishing on the weekends. The site also published content from its sister sites. Gawkers content consisted of celebrity and media industry gossip, critiques of mainstream news outlets, and New York centric stories. The stories generally came from anonymous tips from media employees, found mistakes and faux pas in news stories caught by readers and other blogs, and original reporting. On July 3, 2006, when publisher Nick Denton replaced Jesse Oxfeld with Alex Balk, Oxfeld claimed it was an attempt to make the blog more mainstream and less media focused, ending a tradition of heavy media coverage at Gawker. Denton announced in a staff memo in November 2015 that the site was switching from covering New York and the media world to focus primarily on politics. Archive
Gawker'''s website with its content initially remained online following its shutdown in 2016. Christopher Bonanos of New York argued in 2016 that the Gawker archive was worth preservation – "the early content of Gawker, in particular, is of real significance in the history of journalism. [ ] But whether you like it or not, or mimic it or not, what they did changed the way things are done. For that alone, it is (and will be) worth study, and is thus worth preserving". In 2017, academics Katherine Boss and Meredith Broussard commented that "the archives included, crucially, not just the articles but also the comments and the dialogue that readers had with the authors. Yet no advance plans had been made for Gawker's archives, and the abruptness of the bankruptcy and the sale, compounded by the controversial nature of the site and its implosion, made it even more difficult to save at the last minute". Their review of the independent archive status in July 2017 "showed that archive. org had more than 16,000 snapshots of www. gawker. com dating back to 2003, with substantial gaps in coverage [ ]. Quality assurance of each post was hit or miss, and comments were also archived only intermittently". Parker Higgins, the Freedom of the Press Foundation's director of special projects, said they wanted to "reduce the 'upside' for wealthy individuals and organizations who would eliminate embarrassing or unflattering coverage by purchasing outlets outright. In other words, we hope that sites that can't simply be made to disappear will show some immunity to the billionaire problem". as of 2023, the Gawker website no longer displays its articles following the purchase of the Gawker brand without the purchase of the archive. Hogan sent Gawker a cease and desist order to take the video down, but Denton refused. Denton cited the First Amendment and argued that the accompanying commentary had news value. Judge Pamela Campbell issued an injunction ordering Gawker to take down the clip. In April 2013, Gawker wrote, "A judge told us to take down our Hulk Hogan sex tape post. We won't." It also stated that "we are refusing to comply" with the order of the circuit court judge. Gawkers actions have been criticized as hypocritical since they heavily criticized other media outlets and websites for publishing hacked nude pictures of celebrities. Hogan filed a lawsuit against Gawker and Denton for violating his privacy, asking for $100 million in damages; the trial was slated for July 2015. The cost of the lawsuit was partly funded by Peter Thiel, whom Gawker had previously outed in 2007. In January 2016, Gawker Media received its first outside investment by selling a minority stake to Columbus Nova Technology Partners. Denton stated that the deal was reached in part to bolster its financial position in response to the Hogan case. In March 2016, Hulk Hogan was awarded $140 million in damages by a Florida jury in an invasion of privacy case over Gawkers publication of a sex tape: on March 18, Hogan was awarded $55 million for economic harm and $60 million for emotional distress; on March 21, 2016, the jury awarded Hogan a further $25 million in punitive damages. On November 2, Gawker reached a $31 million settlement with Hogan. Outing of Peter Thiel as gay
In 2007, Gawker published an article by Owen Thomas allegedly outing Silicon Valley venture capitalist Peter Thiel as gay, although Thomas contends the article did not constitute outing since Thiel's sexuality had been "known to a wide circle" in the Bay Area. This together with a series of articles about his friends and others that he said "ruined people's lives for no reason" motivated Thiel to fund lawsuits against Gawker by people complaining that their privacy had been invaded, including Hulk Hogan. Condé Nast executive prostitution claims
On July 16, 2015, Gawker reporter Jordan Sargent posted a story about a gay porn star's alleged text correspondence with a married executive from a competing media company, Condé Nast. The article claimed Condé Nast CFO David Geithner had planned to go to Chicago to meet a male escort, and pay him $2,500 for sex. The article also claimed that after the escort requested Geithner settle the escort's housing dispute, he cancelled the meetup, and the escort went to Gawker to publicize the alleged incident. The post sparked heavy criticism for outing the executive, both within and outside Gawker. Denton removed the story the next day, after Gawker Media's managing partnership voted 4–2 to remove the post—marking the first time the website had "removed a significant news story for any reason other than factual error or legal settlement." On July 20, 2015, Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs and Gawker. com editor in chief Max Read posted their resignations from the company, citing the lack of transparency by and independence from the company's management over the post's removal, rather than the concerns over the post's issues and received criticism, as the cause. Denton offered staff who disagreed with the actions a buyout option, which was accepted by staff including features editor Leah Finnegan and senior editor and writer Caity Weaver. Denton defended the story's writer, Sargent, who remained in his job. According to The Daily Beast, "a source familiar with the situation said Gawker ultimately paid the subject of the offending article a tidy undisclosed sum in order to avoid another lawsuit." Gawker Media President and General Counsel Heather Dietrick declined to confirm or deny there was a settlement. Bankruptcy
On June 10, 2016, Gawker Media and its associated subsidiaries Gawker Sales, Gawker Entertainment, Gawker Technology and Blogwire filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, following the loss of the Hogan lawsuit. CNBC also reported that Gawker Media would be put up for auction following the bankruptcy filing. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its flagship blog, gawker. com, would be ceasing operations the following week. Gawker Stalker
On March 14, 2006, Gawker launched Gawker Stalker Maps, a mashup of the site's Gawker Stalker feature and Google Maps. After this, Gawker Stalker—originally a weekly roundup of celebrity sightings in New York City submitted by Gawker readers—was frequently updated, and the sightings are displayed on a map. The feature sparked criticism from celebrities and publicists for encouraging stalking. George Clooney's representative Stan Rosenfeld described Gawker Stalker as "a dangerous thing". Jessica Coen said that the map is harmless, that Gawker readers are "for the most part, a very educated, well meaning bunch", and that "if there is someone really intending to do a celebrity harm, there are much better ways to go about doing that than looking at the Gawker Stalker". On April 6, 2007, Emily Gould appeared on an edition of Larry King Live hosted by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel during a panel discussion titled "Paparazzi: Do They Go Too Far?" and was asked about the Gawker Stalker. Kimmel accused the site of potentially assisting real stalkers, adding that Gould and her website could ultimately be responsible for someone's death. Kimmel continued to claim a lack of veracity in Gawker published stories, and the potential for libel it presents. At the end of the exchange Gould said that she didn't "think it was OK" for websites to publish false information, after which Kimmel said she should "check your website then." Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, Gawker mirrored the Scientology video featuring Tom Cruise from the recently removed posting on YouTube. They soon posted a copyright infringement notice written by lawyers for Scientology. By July 2009, the video had not been removed and no lawsuit was filed. Sarah Palin email leak
On September 17, 2008, in reporting that pranksters associated with 4chan had hacked the personal e mail account of Alaska Governor and vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, Gawker published screenshots of the emails, photos, and address list obtained by the hackers. While accessing personal e mail accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey Jones is that perpetrators may be prosecuted only for reading "unopened" emails. FBI Spokesman Eric Gonzalez in Anchorage, Alaska, confirmed that an investigation was underway. Christine O'Donnell
On October 28, 2010, Gawker posted an anonymous post entitled "I Had a One Night Stand with Christine O'Donnell". The piece discussed an alleged sexual encounter with O'Donnell, the Republican nominee in the 2010 Senate special election in Delaware. However, according to the writer, O'Donnell only slept naked with the anonymous writer and did not have sex with him. The National Organization for Women condemned the piece as "slut shaming". NOW's president, Terry O'Neill, stated, "It operates as public sexual harassment. And like all sexual harassment, it targets not only O'Donnell, but all women contemplating stepping into the public sphere." Salon's Justin Elliott criticized the ad hominem nature of the article, tweeting "Today, we are all Christine O'Donnell." Gawker. com reportedly paid in the "low four figures" for the story. Denton defended it, praising its "brilliant packaging". Chris Lee Craigslist emails
In February 2011, Gawker posted an email exchange between United States Congressman Chris Lee and a woman he had met through a personal ad on Craigslist. The emails included the married Lee describing himself as a divorced lobbyist and a photo of him posing shirtless. Lee resigned his Congressional seat within hours of Gawkers story. The hacker group stated that they went after Gawker for their "outright arrogance" and for a previous feud between Gawker and 4chan. Gawker asked all its users to change their passwords and posted an advisory notice as well. The following day, a database dump of user credentials, chat logs, and source code of the Gawker website was made available on The Pirate Bay, among other BitTorrent trackers.
Бас редакторРедакторданРедакторғаЭлизабет Спирс20032003Шоир Сича20032004Джессика Коэн20042006Джессе Оксфельд20052006Алекс Балк20062007Эмили Гульд20062007Шоир Сича20072007Габриэль Снайдер20092010Реми Стерн20102011А.Д. Даулерио20122013Джон Кук20132014Макс Рид20142015Лия Бекманн20152015Алекс Пареен20152016Дэн Перес20192019Лия Финнеган20212023
Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers that was based in New York City and focused on celebrities and the media industry. According to SimilarWeb, the site had over 23 million visits per month as of 2015. Founded in 2002, Gawker was the flagship blog for Denton's Gawker Media. Gawker Media also managed other blogs such as Jezebel, io9, Deadspin and Kotaku. Gawker had come under scrutiny for posting videos, communications and other content that violated copyrights or the privacy of its owners, or was illegally obtained. Gawker publication of a sex tape featuring Hulk Hogan led Hogan to sue the company for invasion of privacy. Hogan received financial support from billionaire investor Peter Thiel, who had been outed by Gawker against his wishes. On June 10, 2016, Gawker filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay Hogan $140 million in damages. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its namesake blog would be ceasing operations the following week. The Freedom of the Press Foundation independently archived the Gawker website and its articles in 2018. On July 12, 2018, Bryan Goldberg, owner of Bustle and Elite Daily, purchased Gawker. com and its archive in a bankruptcy auction for less than $1.5 million. Gawker relaunched under the Bustle Digital Group on July 28, 2021, with Leah Finnegan as editor. In November 2023, Gawker was acquired by Meng Ru Kuok. The Gawker digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the website. Gawker'''s official launch was in December 2002. When Spiers left Gawker, she was replaced by Choire Sicha, a former art dealer. In 2008, weekend editor Ian Spiegelman quit Gawker because Denton fired his friend Sheila McClear without cause. He made that clear in several comments on the site at the time, also denouncing what he said was its practice of hiring full time employees as independent contractors in order to avoid paying taxes and employment benefits. On October 3, 2008, Gawker announced that 19 staff members were being laid off in response to expected economic hardships in the coming months. Most came from sites with low ad revenue. On November 12, 2008, the company announced selling the popular blog site Consumerist and the folding of Valleywag, with managing editor Owen Thomas being demoted to a columnist on Gawker, and the rest of the staff being laid off. Some members and staff writers complained that owner Nick Denton was looking to sell out all of the Gawker sites while they were still profitable. In December 2009, Denton was nominated for "Media Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Adweek, and Gawker was named "Blog of the Decade" by the advertising trade. Brian Morrissey of Adweek said "Gawker remains the epitome of blogging: provocative, brash, and wildly entertaining". In February 2010, Denton announced that Gawker was acquiring the "people directory" site CityFile. com, and was hiring that site's editor and publisher, Remy Stern, as the new editor in chief of Gawker. Gabriel Snyder, who had been editor in chief for the previous 18 months and had greatly increased the site's readership, released a memo saying he was being let go from the job. In December 2011, A. J. Daulerio, former editor in chief of Gawker Media sports site Deadspin, replaced Remy Stern as editor in chief at Gawker. The company replaced several other editors, contributing editors, and authors; others left. Richard Lawson went to the Atlantic Wire, a blog of the magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012, the website changed its focus away from editorial content and toward what its new editor in chief A. J. Daulerio called "traffic whoring" and "SEO bomb throws". In January 2013 Daulerio reportedly asked for more responsibility over other Gawker Media properties, but after a short time was pushed out by publisher Denton. Daulerio was replaced as editor in chief by longtime Gawker writer John Cook. In March 2014, Max Read became the Gawkers editor in chief. In April 2014, using internet slang was banned per new writing style guidelines. In June 2015, Gawker editorial staff voted to unionize. Employees joined the Writers Guild of America. Approximately three fourths of employees eligible to vote voted in favor of the decision. Gawker staff announced the vote on May 28, 2015. Following the decision to delete a controversial story in July 2015 , Read and Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs resigned in protest. Leah Beckmann, the site's then deputy editor, took over as interim editor in chief. She was replaced in October 2015 by Alex Pareene. On August 18, 2016, Gawker announced that it would be shutting down after Univision Communications acquired Gawker Media's six other websites. These websites continued to operate under Univision which named the unit Gizmodo Media Group in an effort to distance itself from the Gawker name. Gawkers employees were transferred to the other six websites or elsewhere in Univision. While Univision initially acquired the Gawker website when it purchased the other websites, However, on January 23, 2019, Kosoff and Breslaw announced they were quitting the site over offensive workplace comments made by Griffith. "We're disappointed it ended this way, but we can't continue to work under someone who is antithetical to our sensibility and journalistic ethics, or for an employer [CEO Bryan Goldberg] who refuses to listen to the women who work for him when it's inconvenient," Kosoff and Breslaw said in a statement. In March 2019, Dan Peres was announced as the site's editor in chief. Kate Storey of Esquire outlined the leading theory on the failed relaunch was that it aimed to turn Gawker into "the prestigious, journalistic gem of BDG, kept afloat by the profits of other sites like Bustle and Elite Daily", however, "the BDG board and Goldberg soon lost interest in a site that was proving difficult to staff, a lightning rod for controversy, and, ultimately, expensive to operate (reporting is expensive) while not generating commensurate revenue". On March 24, 2021, a New York judge denied a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On May 16, 2023, a New York appeals court dismissed the lawsuit. In April 2021, it was reported that Gawker would relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan tapped as editor in chief. Finnegan has said, of the tone of the relaunched site, that "[ ] current laws of civility mean that no, it can't be exactly what it once was." The site relaunched on July 28, 2021. On February 1, 2023, Bustle Digital Group announced that it would shut down Gawker as part of company wide cuts. The company e mailed employees, "facing a surprisingly difficult first quarter of 2023, [it] had made the decision to reprioritize some of its investments that better position the company for the direction we see the industry moving." Purchase by Meng Ru Kuok (2023–present)
In November 2023, the Gawker brand and domain were purchased by Meng Ru Kuok, the founder of Singapore based venture capital firm Caldecott Music Group. Kuok stated a need for Gawker's reinvention and that "whatever plans materialize, what's for sure is that it won't be the same as it was before". However, the digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the Gawker website. Staff
Editor in chief
Editor in chiefEditor fromEditor toElizabeth Spiers20032003Choire Sicha20032004Jessica Coen20042006Jesse Oxfeld20052006Alex Balk20062007Emily Gould20062007Choire Sicha20072007Gabriel Snyder20092010Remy Stern20102011A. J. Daulerio20122013 John Cook20132014Max Read20142015Leah Beckmann20152015Alex Pareene20152016Dan Peres20192019 Leah Finnegan20212023
Content
Gawker usually published more than 20 posts daily during the week, sometimes reaching 30 posts a day, with limited publishing on the weekends. The site also published content from its sister sites. Gawkers content consisted of celebrity and media industry gossip, critiques of mainstream news outlets, and New York centric stories. The stories generally came from anonymous tips from media employees, found mistakes and faux pas in news stories caught by readers and other blogs, and original reporting. On July 3, 2006, when publisher Nick Denton replaced Jesse Oxfeld with Alex Balk, Oxfeld claimed it was an attempt to make the blog more mainstream and less media focused, ending a tradition of heavy media coverage at Gawker. Denton announced in a staff memo in November 2015 that the site was switching from covering New York and the media world to focus primarily on politics. Archive
Gawker'''s website with its content initially remained online following its shutdown in 2016. Christopher Bonanos of New York argued in 2016 that the Gawker archive was worth preservation – "the early content of Gawker, in particular, is of real significance in the history of journalism. [ ] But whether you like it or not, or mimic it or not, what they did changed the way things are done. For that alone, it is (and will be) worth study, and is thus worth preserving". In 2017, academics Katherine Boss and Meredith Broussard commented that "the archives included, crucially, not just the articles but also the comments and the dialogue that readers had with the authors. Yet no advance plans had been made for Gawker's archives, and the abruptness of the bankruptcy and the sale, compounded by the controversial nature of the site and its implosion, made it even more difficult to save at the last minute". Their review of the independent archive status in July 2017 "showed that archive. org had more than 16,000 snapshots of www. gawker. com dating back to 2003, with substantial gaps in coverage [ ]. Quality assurance of each post was hit or miss, and comments were also archived only intermittently". Parker Higgins, the Freedom of the Press Foundation's director of special projects, said they wanted to "reduce the 'upside' for wealthy individuals and organizations who would eliminate embarrassing or unflattering coverage by purchasing outlets outright. In other words, we hope that sites that can't simply be made to disappear will show some immunity to the billionaire problem". as of 2023, the Gawker website no longer displays its articles following the purchase of the Gawker brand without the purchase of the archive. Hogan sent Gawker a cease and desist order to take the video down, but Denton refused. Denton cited the First Amendment and argued that the accompanying commentary had news value. Judge Pamela Campbell issued an injunction ordering Gawker to take down the clip. In April 2013, Gawker wrote, "A judge told us to take down our Hulk Hogan sex tape post. We won't." It also stated that "we are refusing to comply" with the order of the circuit court judge. Gawkers actions have been criticized as hypocritical since they heavily criticized other media outlets and websites for publishing hacked nude pictures of celebrities. Hogan filed a lawsuit against Gawker and Denton for violating his privacy, asking for $100 million in damages; the trial was slated for July 2015. The cost of the lawsuit was partly funded by Peter Thiel, whom Gawker had previously outed in 2007. In January 2016, Gawker Media received its first outside investment by selling a minority stake to Columbus Nova Technology Partners. Denton stated that the deal was reached in part to bolster its financial position in response to the Hogan case. In March 2016, Hulk Hogan was awarded $140 million in damages by a Florida jury in an invasion of privacy case over Gawkers publication of a sex tape: on March 18, Hogan was awarded $55 million for economic harm and $60 million for emotional distress; on March 21, 2016, the jury awarded Hogan a further $25 million in punitive damages. On November 2, Gawker reached a $31 million settlement with Hogan. Outing of Peter Thiel as gay
In 2007, Gawker published an article by Owen Thomas allegedly outing Silicon Valley venture capitalist Peter Thiel as gay, although Thomas contends the article did not constitute outing since Thiel's sexuality had been "known to a wide circle" in the Bay Area. This together with a series of articles about his friends and others that he said "ruined people's lives for no reason" motivated Thiel to fund lawsuits against Gawker by people complaining that their privacy had been invaded, including Hulk Hogan. Condé Nast executive prostitution claims
On July 16, 2015, Gawker reporter Jordan Sargent posted a story about a gay porn star's alleged text correspondence with a married executive from a competing media company, Condé Nast. The article claimed Condé Nast CFO David Geithner had planned to go to Chicago to meet a male escort, and pay him $2,500 for sex. The article also claimed that after the escort requested Geithner settle the escort's housing dispute, he cancelled the meetup, and the escort went to Gawker to publicize the alleged incident. The post sparked heavy criticism for outing the executive, both within and outside Gawker. Denton removed the story the next day, after Gawker Media's managing partnership voted 4–2 to remove the post—marking the first time the website had "removed a significant news story for any reason other than factual error or legal settlement." On July 20, 2015, Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs and Gawker. com editor in chief Max Read posted their resignations from the company, citing the lack of transparency by and independence from the company's management over the post's removal, rather than the concerns over the post's issues and received criticism, as the cause. Denton offered staff who disagreed with the actions a buyout option, which was accepted by staff including features editor Leah Finnegan and senior editor and writer Caity Weaver. Denton defended the story's writer, Sargent, who remained in his job. According to The Daily Beast, "a source familiar with the situation said Gawker ultimately paid the subject of the offending article a tidy undisclosed sum in order to avoid another lawsuit." Gawker Media President and General Counsel Heather Dietrick declined to confirm or deny there was a settlement. Bankruptcy
On June 10, 2016, Gawker Media and its associated subsidiaries Gawker Sales, Gawker Entertainment, Gawker Technology and Blogwire filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, following the loss of the Hogan lawsuit. CNBC also reported that Gawker Media would be put up for auction following the bankruptcy filing. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its flagship blog, gawker. com, would be ceasing operations the following week. Gawker Stalker
On March 14, 2006, Gawker launched Gawker Stalker Maps, a mashup of the site's Gawker Stalker feature and Google Maps. After this, Gawker Stalker—originally a weekly roundup of celebrity sightings in New York City submitted by Gawker readers—was frequently updated, and the sightings are displayed on a map. The feature sparked criticism from celebrities and publicists for encouraging stalking. George Clooney's representative Stan Rosenfeld described Gawker Stalker as "a dangerous thing". Jessica Coen said that the map is harmless, that Gawker readers are "for the most part, a very educated, well meaning bunch", and that "if there is someone really intending to do a celebrity harm, there are much better ways to go about doing that than looking at the Gawker Stalker". On April 6, 2007, Emily Gould appeared on an edition of Larry King Live hosted by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel during a panel discussion titled "Paparazzi: Do They Go Too Far?" and was asked about the Gawker Stalker. Kimmel accused the site of potentially assisting real stalkers, adding that Gould and her website could ultimately be responsible for someone's death. Kimmel continued to claim a lack of veracity in Gawker published stories, and the potential for libel it presents. At the end of the exchange Gould said that she didn't "think it was OK" for websites to publish false information, after which Kimmel said she should "check your website then." Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, Gawker mirrored the Scientology video featuring Tom Cruise from the recently removed posting on YouTube. They soon posted a copyright infringement notice written by lawyers for Scientology. By July 2009, the video had not been removed and no lawsuit was filed. Sarah Palin email leak
On September 17, 2008, in reporting that pranksters associated with 4chan had hacked the personal e mail account of Alaska Governor and vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, Gawker published screenshots of the emails, photos, and address list obtained by the hackers. While accessing personal e mail accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey Jones is that perpetrators may be prosecuted only for reading "unopened" emails. FBI Spokesman Eric Gonzalez in Anchorage, Alaska, confirmed that an investigation was underway. Christine O'Donnell
On October 28, 2010, Gawker posted an anonymous post entitled "I Had a One Night Stand with Christine O'Donnell". The piece discussed an alleged sexual encounter with O'Donnell, the Republican nominee in the 2010 Senate special election in Delaware. However, according to the writer, O'Donnell only slept naked with the anonymous writer and did not have sex with him. The National Organization for Women condemned the piece as "slut shaming". NOW's president, Terry O'Neill, stated, "It operates as public sexual harassment. And like all sexual harassment, it targets not only O'Donnell, but all women contemplating stepping into the public sphere." Salon's Justin Elliott criticized the ad hominem nature of the article, tweeting "Today, we are all Christine O'Donnell." Gawker. com reportedly paid in the "low four figures" for the story. Denton defended it, praising its "brilliant packaging". Chris Lee Craigslist emails
In February 2011, Gawker posted an email exchange between United States Congressman Chris Lee and a woman he had met through a personal ad on Craigslist. The emails included the married Lee describing himself as a divorced lobbyist and a photo of him posing shirtless. Lee resigned his Congressional seat within hours of Gawkers story. The hacker group stated that they went after Gawker for their "outright arrogance" and for a previous feud between Gawker and 4chan. Gawker asked all its users to change their passwords and posted an advisory notice as well. The following day, a database dump of user credentials, chat logs, and source code of the Gawker website was made available on The Pirate Bay, among other BitTorrent trackers.
Мазмұн
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Gawker was an American blog founded by Nick Denton and Elizabeth Spiers that was based in New York City and focused on celebrities and the media industry. According to SimilarWeb, the site had over 23 million visits per month as of 2015. Founded in 2002, Gawker was the flagship blog for Denton's Gawker Media. Gawker Media also managed other blogs such as Jezebel, io9, Deadspin and Kotaku. Gawker had come under scrutiny for posting videos, communications and other content that violated copyrights or the privacy of its owners, or was illegally obtained. Gawker publication of a sex tape featuring Hulk Hogan led Hogan to sue the company for invasion of privacy. Hogan received financial support from billionaire investor Peter Thiel, who had been outed by Gawker against his wishes. On June 10, 2016, Gawker filed for bankruptcy after being ordered to pay Hogan $140 million in damages. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its namesake blog would be ceasing operations the following week. The Freedom of the Press Foundation independently archived the Gawker website and its articles in 2018. On July 12, 2018, Bryan Goldberg, owner of Bustle and Elite Daily, purchased Gawker. com and its archive in a bankruptcy auction for less than $1.5 million. Gawker relaunched under the Bustle Digital Group on July 28, 2021, with Leah Finnegan as editor. In November 2023, Gawker was acquired by Meng Ru Kuok. The Gawker digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the website. Gawker'''s official launch was in December 2002. When Spiers left Gawker, she was replaced by Choire Sicha, a former art dealer. In 2008, weekend editor Ian Spiegelman quit Gawker because Denton fired his friend Sheila McClear without cause. He made that clear in several comments on the site at the time, also denouncing what he said was its practice of hiring full time employees as independent contractors in order to avoid paying taxes and employment benefits. On October 3, 2008, Gawker announced that 19 staff members were being laid off in response to expected economic hardships in the coming months. Most came from sites with low ad revenue. On November 12, 2008, the company announced selling the popular blog site Consumerist and the folding of Valleywag, with managing editor Owen Thomas being demoted to a columnist on Gawker, and the rest of the staff being laid off. Some members and staff writers complained that owner Nick Denton was looking to sell out all of the Gawker sites while they were still profitable. In December 2009, Denton was nominated for "Media Entrepreneur of the Decade" by Adweek, and Gawker was named "Blog of the Decade" by the advertising trade. Brian Morrissey of Adweek said "Gawker remains the epitome of blogging: provocative, brash, and wildly entertaining". In February 2010, Denton announced that Gawker was acquiring the "people directory" site CityFile. com, and was hiring that site's editor and publisher, Remy Stern, as the new editor in chief of Gawker. Gabriel Snyder, who had been editor in chief for the previous 18 months and had greatly increased the site's readership, released a memo saying he was being let go from the job. In December 2011, A. J. Daulerio, former editor in chief of Gawker Media sports site Deadspin, replaced Remy Stern as editor in chief at Gawker. The company replaced several other editors, contributing editors, and authors; others left. Richard Lawson went to the Atlantic Wire, a blog of the magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. In 2012, the website changed its focus away from editorial content and toward what its new editor in chief A. J. Daulerio called "traffic whoring" and "SEO bomb throws". In January 2013 Daulerio reportedly asked for more responsibility over other Gawker Media properties, but after a short time was pushed out by publisher Denton. Daulerio was replaced as editor in chief by longtime Gawker writer John Cook. In March 2014, Max Read became the Gawkers editor in chief. In April 2014, using internet slang was banned per new writing style guidelines. In June 2015, Gawker editorial staff voted to unionize. Employees joined the Writers Guild of America. Approximately three fourths of employees eligible to vote voted in favor of the decision. Gawker staff announced the vote on May 28, 2015. Following the decision to delete a controversial story in July 2015 , Read and Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs resigned in protest. Leah Beckmann, the site's then deputy editor, took over as interim editor in chief. She was replaced in October 2015 by Alex Pareene. On August 18, 2016, Gawker announced that it would be shutting down after Univision Communications acquired Gawker Media's six other websites. These websites continued to operate under Univision which named the unit Gizmodo Media Group in an effort to distance itself from the Gawker name. Gawkers employees were transferred to the other six websites or elsewhere in Univision. While Univision initially acquired the Gawker website when it purchased the other websites, However, on January 23, 2019, Kosoff and Breslaw announced they were quitting the site over offensive workplace comments made by Griffith. "We're disappointed it ended this way, but we can't continue to work under someone who is antithetical to our sensibility and journalistic ethics, or for an employer [CEO Bryan Goldberg] who refuses to listen to the women who work for him when it's inconvenient," Kosoff and Breslaw said in a statement. In March 2019, Dan Peres was announced as the site's editor in chief. Kate Storey of Esquire outlined the leading theory on the failed relaunch was that it aimed to turn Gawker into "the prestigious, journalistic gem of BDG, kept afloat by the profits of other sites like Bustle and Elite Daily", however, "the BDG board and Goldberg soon lost interest in a site that was proving difficult to staff, a lightning rod for controversy, and, ultimately, expensive to operate (reporting is expensive) while not generating commensurate revenue". On March 24, 2021, a New York judge denied a motion to dismiss the lawsuit. On May 16, 2023, a New York appeals court dismissed the lawsuit. In April 2021, it was reported that Gawker would relaunch with former Gawker writer Leah Finnegan tapped as editor in chief. Finnegan has said, of the tone of the relaunched site, that "[ ] current laws of civility mean that no, it can't be exactly what it once was." The site relaunched on July 28, 2021. On February 1, 2023, Bustle Digital Group announced that it would shut down Gawker as part of company wide cuts. The company e mailed employees, "facing a surprisingly difficult first quarter of 2023, [it] had made the decision to reprioritize some of its investments that better position the company for the direction we see the industry moving." Purchase by Meng Ru Kuok (2023–present)
In November 2023, the Gawker brand and domain were purchased by Meng Ru Kuok, the founder of Singapore based venture capital firm Caldecott Music Group. Kuok stated a need for Gawker's reinvention and that "whatever plans materialize, what's for sure is that it won't be the same as it was before". However, the digital archive was not included in this purchase and all articles have been removed from the Gawker website. Staff
Editor in chief
Editor in chiefEditor fromEditor toElizabeth Spiers20032003Choire Sicha20032004Jessica Coen20042006Jesse Oxfeld20052006Alex Balk20062007Emily Gould20062007Choire Sicha20072007Gabriel Snyder20092010Remy Stern20102011A. J. Daulerio20122013 John Cook20132014Max Read20142015Leah Beckmann20152015Alex Pareene20152016Dan Peres20192019 Leah Finnegan20212023
Content
Gawker usually published more than 20 posts daily during the week, sometimes reaching 30 posts a day, with limited publishing on the weekends. The site also published content from its sister sites. Gawkers content consisted of celebrity and media industry gossip, critiques of mainstream news outlets, and New York centric stories. The stories generally came from anonymous tips from media employees, found mistakes and faux pas in news stories caught by readers and other blogs, and original reporting. On July 3, 2006, when publisher Nick Denton replaced Jesse Oxfeld with Alex Balk, Oxfeld claimed it was an attempt to make the blog more mainstream and less media focused, ending a tradition of heavy media coverage at Gawker. Denton announced in a staff memo in November 2015 that the site was switching from covering New York and the media world to focus primarily on politics. Archive
Gawker'''s website with its content initially remained online following its shutdown in 2016. Christopher Bonanos of New York argued in 2016 that the Gawker archive was worth preservation – "the early content of Gawker, in particular, is of real significance in the history of journalism. [ ] But whether you like it or not, or mimic it or not, what they did changed the way things are done. For that alone, it is (and will be) worth study, and is thus worth preserving". In 2017, academics Katherine Boss and Meredith Broussard commented that "the archives included, crucially, not just the articles but also the comments and the dialogue that readers had with the authors. Yet no advance plans had been made for Gawker's archives, and the abruptness of the bankruptcy and the sale, compounded by the controversial nature of the site and its implosion, made it even more difficult to save at the last minute". Their review of the independent archive status in July 2017 "showed that archive. org had more than 16,000 snapshots of www. gawker. com dating back to 2003, with substantial gaps in coverage [ ]. Quality assurance of each post was hit or miss, and comments were also archived only intermittently". Parker Higgins, the Freedom of the Press Foundation's director of special projects, said they wanted to "reduce the 'upside' for wealthy individuals and organizations who would eliminate embarrassing or unflattering coverage by purchasing outlets outright. In other words, we hope that sites that can't simply be made to disappear will show some immunity to the billionaire problem". as of 2023, the Gawker website no longer displays its articles following the purchase of the Gawker brand without the purchase of the archive. Hogan sent Gawker a cease and desist order to take the video down, but Denton refused. Denton cited the First Amendment and argued that the accompanying commentary had news value. Judge Pamela Campbell issued an injunction ordering Gawker to take down the clip. In April 2013, Gawker wrote, "A judge told us to take down our Hulk Hogan sex tape post. We won't." It also stated that "we are refusing to comply" with the order of the circuit court judge. Gawkers actions have been criticized as hypocritical since they heavily criticized other media outlets and websites for publishing hacked nude pictures of celebrities. Hogan filed a lawsuit against Gawker and Denton for violating his privacy, asking for $100 million in damages; the trial was slated for July 2015. The cost of the lawsuit was partly funded by Peter Thiel, whom Gawker had previously outed in 2007. In January 2016, Gawker Media received its first outside investment by selling a minority stake to Columbus Nova Technology Partners. Denton stated that the deal was reached in part to bolster its financial position in response to the Hogan case. In March 2016, Hulk Hogan was awarded $140 million in damages by a Florida jury in an invasion of privacy case over Gawkers publication of a sex tape: on March 18, Hogan was awarded $55 million for economic harm and $60 million for emotional distress; on March 21, 2016, the jury awarded Hogan a further $25 million in punitive damages. On November 2, Gawker reached a $31 million settlement with Hogan. Outing of Peter Thiel as gay
In 2007, Gawker published an article by Owen Thomas allegedly outing Silicon Valley venture capitalist Peter Thiel as gay, although Thomas contends the article did not constitute outing since Thiel's sexuality had been "known to a wide circle" in the Bay Area. This together with a series of articles about his friends and others that he said "ruined people's lives for no reason" motivated Thiel to fund lawsuits against Gawker by people complaining that their privacy had been invaded, including Hulk Hogan. Condé Nast executive prostitution claims
On July 16, 2015, Gawker reporter Jordan Sargent posted a story about a gay porn star's alleged text correspondence with a married executive from a competing media company, Condé Nast. The article claimed Condé Nast CFO David Geithner had planned to go to Chicago to meet a male escort, and pay him $2,500 for sex. The article also claimed that after the escort requested Geithner settle the escort's housing dispute, he cancelled the meetup, and the escort went to Gawker to publicize the alleged incident. The post sparked heavy criticism for outing the executive, both within and outside Gawker. Denton removed the story the next day, after Gawker Media's managing partnership voted 4–2 to remove the post—marking the first time the website had "removed a significant news story for any reason other than factual error or legal settlement." On July 20, 2015, Gawker Media executive editor Tommy Craggs and Gawker. com editor in chief Max Read posted their resignations from the company, citing the lack of transparency by and independence from the company's management over the post's removal, rather than the concerns over the post's issues and received criticism, as the cause. Denton offered staff who disagreed with the actions a buyout option, which was accepted by staff including features editor Leah Finnegan and senior editor and writer Caity Weaver. Denton defended the story's writer, Sargent, who remained in his job. According to The Daily Beast, "a source familiar with the situation said Gawker ultimately paid the subject of the offending article a tidy undisclosed sum in order to avoid another lawsuit." Gawker Media President and General Counsel Heather Dietrick declined to confirm or deny there was a settlement. Bankruptcy
On June 10, 2016, Gawker Media and its associated subsidiaries Gawker Sales, Gawker Entertainment, Gawker Technology and Blogwire filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York, following the loss of the Hogan lawsuit. CNBC also reported that Gawker Media would be put up for auction following the bankruptcy filing. On August 18, 2016, Gawker Media announced that its flagship blog, gawker. com, would be ceasing operations the following week. Gawker Stalker
On March 14, 2006, Gawker launched Gawker Stalker Maps, a mashup of the site's Gawker Stalker feature and Google Maps. After this, Gawker Stalker—originally a weekly roundup of celebrity sightings in New York City submitted by Gawker readers—was frequently updated, and the sightings are displayed on a map. The feature sparked criticism from celebrities and publicists for encouraging stalking. George Clooney's representative Stan Rosenfeld described Gawker Stalker as "a dangerous thing". Jessica Coen said that the map is harmless, that Gawker readers are "for the most part, a very educated, well meaning bunch", and that "if there is someone really intending to do a celebrity harm, there are much better ways to go about doing that than looking at the Gawker Stalker". On April 6, 2007, Emily Gould appeared on an edition of Larry King Live hosted by talk show host Jimmy Kimmel during a panel discussion titled "Paparazzi: Do They Go Too Far?" and was asked about the Gawker Stalker. Kimmel accused the site of potentially assisting real stalkers, adding that Gould and her website could ultimately be responsible for someone's death. Kimmel continued to claim a lack of veracity in Gawker published stories, and the potential for libel it presents. At the end of the exchange Gould said that she didn't "think it was OK" for websites to publish false information, after which Kimmel said she should "check your website then." Tom Cruise video
On January 15, 2008, Gawker mirrored the Scientology video featuring Tom Cruise from the recently removed posting on YouTube. They soon posted a copyright infringement notice written by lawyers for Scientology. By July 2009, the video had not been removed and no lawsuit was filed. Sarah Palin email leak
On September 17, 2008, in reporting that pranksters associated with 4chan had hacked the personal e mail account of Alaska Governor and vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, Gawker published screenshots of the emails, photos, and address list obtained by the hackers. While accessing personal e mail accounts without authorization constitutes a federal crime, current DOJ interpretation of this statute following the decision in Theofel v. Farey Jones is that perpetrators may be prosecuted only for reading "unopened" emails. FBI Spokesman Eric Gonzalez in Anchorage, Alaska, confirmed that an investigation was underway. Christine O'Donnell
On October 28, 2010, Gawker posted an anonymous post entitled "I Had a One Night Stand with Christine O'Donnell". The piece discussed an alleged sexual encounter with O'Donnell, the Republican nominee in the 2010 Senate special election in Delaware. However, according to the writer, O'Donnell only slept naked with the anonymous writer and did not have sex with him. The National Organization for Women condemned the piece as "slut shaming". NOW's president, Terry O'Neill, stated, "It operates as public sexual harassment. And like all sexual harassment, it targets not only O'Donnell, but all women contemplating stepping into the public sphere." Salon's Justin Elliott criticized the ad hominem nature of the article, tweeting "Today, we are all Christine O'Donnell." Gawker. com reportedly paid in the "low four figures" for the story. Denton defended it, praising its "brilliant packaging". Chris Lee Craigslist emails
In February 2011, Gawker posted an email exchange between United States Congressman Chris Lee and a woman he had met through a personal ad on Craigslist. The emails included the married Lee describing himself as a divorced lobbyist and a photo of him posing shirtless. Lee resigned his Congressional seat within hours of Gawkers story. The hacker group stated that they went after Gawker for their "outright arrogance" and for a previous feud between Gawker and 4chan. Gawker asked all its users to change their passwords and posted an advisory notice as well. The following day, a database dump of user credentials, chat logs, and source code of the Gawker website was made available on The Pirate Bay, among other BitTorrent trackers.
2012 Майкл Бруч бетпердесін алып тастау
2012 жылдың 12 қазанында Адриан Чен Reddit модераторы Violentacrez-ді Майкл Бруч екені туралы мақала жариялады. Мақала жарияланғанға дейін Reddit-тің басты саяси арнасы r/politics және сайттағы бірнеше форум Gawker сілтемелерін өздерінен тыйым салды; тіпті бір кезде Gawker Reddit-тің барлық бөлімдерінен толығымен тыйым салынды. Wired, CNET және The Next Web басылымдарының бірнеше комментаторлары Бручтың жеке ақпаратын жариялауының моральдық жағына күмән келтіріп, бұл жариялым онлайн-қудалауды ынталандыра ма деген пікірталас тудырды.
Ішкі жалақыға қатысты іс
2013 жылы үш бұрынғы тәжірибеші Gawker компаниясын кіріс табуға көмектесетін мазмұн жасағаны үшін еңбекақы төлемегендігі үшін сотқа берді. 2016 жылдың ақпан айына дейін сот ісі жалғасып жатты.