Сан-Диего қаласының City Heights ауданы: тарихы мен әртүрлілігі

City Heights is a dense urban community in central San Diego, California, known for its ethnic diversity. The area was previously known as East San Diego. City Heights is located south of Mission Valley and northeast of Balboa Park. City Heights is notable as a home to refugees and immigrants, with significant communities of Vietnamese, Somali, Cambodian, Laotian, and Latino residents. Many social and cultural resources, retail stores, and restaurants are operated by and/or serve the non white population. Major commercial streets include University Avenue, El Cajon Boulevard, Fairmount Avenue, and Euclid Avenue. City Heights is densely populated and has mostly multi family apartments and homes.

When Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, it claimed the land and secularized the mission system, distributing the lands to rancheros. When the United States annexed the land, the modern era of American settler colonialism began. Settlement and any later development was facilitated by the forced removal of Kumeyaay people to reservations begun by President Ulysses S. Grant in 1875.

In the 1880s, American entrepreneurs Abraham Klauber and Samuel Steiner purchased over of unincorporated land northeast of Balboa Park, hoping to profit from the area. Together they named it "City Heights," though it was also known as the "Steiner, Klauber, Choate and Castle Addition" after the earlier developers of the property. The area was subdivided, and on November 2, 1912, eligible area voters voted to become an incorporated city known as East San Diego. Population boomed in the next few years from 400 in 1910 to 4,000 during the incorporation. On December 31, 1923, the City of East San Diego voted, 1,344 to 1,109, for annexation into the City of San Diego, becoming once again a neighborhood known as City Heights. The East San Diego trustees did not immediately recognize the annexation in early 1924. Complete annexation occurred over the next few years with the City of San Diego taking over.

During most of the 1930s, 1940s, and the 1950s the area had some suburban housing and was a commercial center for middle class white residents, while people of color were segregated in south and east San Diego through discriminatory housing practices. In the late 1950s, Caltrans planned the I 15 freeway to cut directly through the area, accelerating white flight and disinvestment. By the 1990s, the area was described in the local media as one of the "urban edges where the inner city bleeds into the suburbs" and was widely portrayed as a crime hotspot.

In the mid 1990s, businessman and philanthropist Sol Price led and financed a redevelopment plan to create a multi block "urban village," of which a new San Diego Police substation was to be the cornerstone. This redevelopment format, which evolved from the Mid City Communities Plan, became officially codified into the "City of Villages" plan adopted by the City of San Diego in the 2002 General Plan, which continues to guide the city's urban policy. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw redevelopment in City Heights continue, as new public facilities — including schools, a library, and a community center — opened around the newly developed center, through public private partnerships. The additional public services and new commercial center were well received by residents. The Price backed housing developments have received criticism for mainly serving moderate income people, however, and the general sense of experimentation led some to dub the area "Guinea Pig Heights." Since the 1990s, the demographics of the neighborhood have been changing. More middle and upper class Hispanic and Asian residents have moved to City Heights, while the number of Black residents, particularly those who are low income, has decreased sharply. Rents and property prices have increased, sometimes by double or triple. It remains home to many refugees and immigrants from Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia, Western Asia and North Africa. According to 2017 reports, City Heights has lower rates of violent crime and property crime than nearby North Park and Hillcrest, as well as Downtown Gaslamp, and East Village. San Diego Magazine named City Heights as one of the best places to live in San Diego in 2015. That year, the San Diego Indiefest music festival took place in City Heights' Urban Village. Recent developments have included an alternative fuel station, a new retail complex with some mixed use developments, several expanded schools, and new parks. By 2019, the area had been designated as an "Economic Opportunity Zone," which qualifies investors for tax breaks and other forms of corporate welfare, a policy which may accelerate the displacement of low income residents. Gentrification in North Park has been trickling up University Avenue towards City Heights, with new events and businesses drawing higher income residents, many of whom are middle and upper class Hispanic professionals, to the area. with high rates of poverty, unemployment, child obesity, and asthma. City Heights is home to significant Vietnamese, Somali, Cambodian, and Laotian communities.

Creating Community Through Art: The AjA Project's gallery space on Fairmont Avenue features photographs taken by immigrants. Stories of new generations of Americans are captured in the images displayed at the AjA Project's 4,000 square foot gallery and education center, located in a charming ranch style building that used to be the local branch library.

Chollas Creek Restoration Project 2020 2022: Chollas Creek will be renovated with a $3.5 million grant from the California Natural Resources Agency. The area will be made walkable, with the removal concrete from the creek and addition of walkways, bike paths and native plant life alongside a half mile segment of Chollas Creek that runs beside Martin Luther King Freeway (state Route 94). New Roots Community Farm is operated by tenant farmers who are refugees from around the world. In 2010, Michelle Obama visited the farm to promote her Let's Move! campaign against childhood obesity. It has been managed by City Heights Community Development Corporation (CDC) since 2019. In 2023, facing eviction threats, the farmers filed paperwork to form a non profit and operate it themselves. In January 2024, the CDC locked the gates on the farmers and, after a confrontation with a security, it was reported that the management company does not have a lease agreement with the city or a Letter of Agency on file with the police allowing them to arrest trespassers despite a sign posted on the gate. The Azalea Park Arts District (APAD): The Manzanita Gathering Place was built to be a creative refuge awash in art at the opening at Manzanita Canyon, with canopies and columns incorporating mosaic tiles made by Azalea Park residents. At the Azalea Community Park, local artists have created the Water Conservation Garden, with a collection of succulent plants and sculpture. As of 2017, there were hiking trails in at least seven canyons in City Heights.

The Little Saigon San Diego Foundation was established in November 2008 with a stated mission to "revitalize the densely populated Vietnamese business district of El Cajon Boulevard." On June 4, 2013, City Council approved Little Saigon Cultural and Commercial District in City Heights, which is a six block section of El Cajon Boulevard from Euclid to Highland avenues. The district would be known as a center for Vietnamese food and culture. Since 2013, the Little Saigon San Diego Foundation has organized one of the Vietnamese new year (Tết) events in the city with the annual Lunar New Year festival at the SDCCU Stadium (formerly known as Qualcomm Stadium), where proceeds would go towards developing and promoting the district. The foundation's festival is a separate event and does not have any affiliation with the San Diego Tết Festival organized by VAYA (Vietnamese American Youth Alliance), which was established in 2006 and annually held at Mira Mesa Community Park. On February 1, 2019, the Little Saigon signs were revealed to be installed near El Cajon Boulevard exits on Interstate 15.

City Heights has walkable neighborhoods with many of the restaurants, businesses and shops near the main residential pockets. It is common to see pedestrians, cyclists and scooters throughout the neighborhood and surrounding communities. Centrally located within San Diego, City Heights has easy access to freeways, Mission Valley commercial centers and the downtown area. University Avenue, El Cajon Boulevard and Fairmount Avenue are the major thoroughfares. Because of the presence of the University Avenue transit corridor, City Heights has substantial bus service connecting to Downtown and the Mission Valley trolley stops. Bus lines serviced by the City Heights Transit Plaza are the 235 RAPID, 7, 10, 60, and 965.

City Heights is home to twelve public elementary schools, three public middle schools, two public high schools, and two private grade schools, and three charter schools. All public schools are in the San Diego Unified School District.

The area is part of City Council District 9, currently represented by Sean Elo Rivera. City Heights is also part of California's 80th State Assembly district, currently represented by Lorena Gonzalez. The City Heights Area Planning Committee advises the city on land use and other issues. Volunteer organizations include the City Heights Town Council and the City Heights Business Association.