Бериллий оксиді: қасиеттері, қолданылуы және қауіптері

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| verifiedrevid = 442353803
| ImageFile = Wurtzite polyhedra. png
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| ImageName = Unit cell, ball and stick model of beryllium oxide
| ImageFile2 = BeO sample. jpg
| PIN = Beryllium(II) monoxide
| SystematicName = Oxoberyllium
| OtherNames = Beryllia, Thermalox, Bromellite, Thermalox 995. | Section1 =
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| Section5 = Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Very toxic, Group 1B carcinogen
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| GHSSignalWord = DANGER
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| NFPA H = 4
| NFPA F = 0
| NFPA R = 0
| LD50 = 15 mg/kg (mouse, oral)

| REL = Ca C 0.0005 mg/m3 (as Be)
| PEL = TWA 0.002 mg/m3C 0.005 mg/m3 (30 minutes), with a maximum peak of 0.025 mg/m3 (as Be) As an amorphous solid, beryllium oxide is white. Its high melting point leads to its use as a refractory material. It occurs in nature as the mineral bromellite. Historically and in materials science, beryllium oxide was called glucina or glucinium oxide, owing to its sweet taste.

High quality crystals may be grown hydrothermally, or otherwise by the Verneuil method. For the most part, beryllium oxide is produced as a white amorphous powder, sintered into larger shapes. Impurities, like carbon, can give a variety of colours to the otherwise colourless host crystals. Sintered beryllium oxide is a very stable ceramic. Beryllium oxide is used in rocket engines and as a transparent protective over coating on aluminised telescope mirrors. Beryllium oxide is used in many high performance semiconductor parts for applications such as radio equipment because it has good thermal conductivity while also being a good electrical insulator. It is used as a filler in some thermal interface materials such as thermal grease. Some power semiconductor devices have used beryllium oxide ceramic between the silicon chip and the metal mounting base of the package to achieve a lower value of thermal resistance than a similar construction of aluminium oxide. It is also used as a structural ceramic for high performance microwave devices, vacuum tubes, cavity magnetrons, and gas lasers. BeO has been proposed as a neutron moderator for naval marine high temperature gas cooled reactors (MGCR), as well as NASA's Kilopower nuclear reactor for space applications.

BeO is carcinogenic in powdered form and may cause a chronic allergic type lung disease berylliosis. Once fired into solid form, it is safe to handle if not subjected to machining that generates dust. Clean breakage releases little dust, but crushing or grinding actions can pose a risk.