1980 жылдың тамыз айындағы оқиғалар

Month of 1980

The following events happened in August 1980:

Hurricane Allen swept across Haiti, killing 220 people in 24 hours. After officials in Haiti discovered 140 additional bodies that had been buried in mudslides, the death toll was revised from 80 to 220. Of 272 people killed by Hurricane Allen, all but 52 of the deaths were in Haiti. As Hurricane Allen broke the high pressure system that had stalled over Texas and brought rainstorms, the record heat wave in much of the United States began to abate as Dallas and most of north Texas reached a temperature of only after six weeks in a row (42 consecutive days) of "triple digit heat" — daily highs of at least temperatures — since June 23. Died: Susan G. Komen, 36, American model, from breast cancer. In her memory, her younger sister Nancy Goodman Brinker founded the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation.

The Belgian Senate voted, 132 to 23, to approve legislation to grant limited autonomy to the northern region of Belgium, Vlaanderen (Flanders), where most residents speak Flemish, a Germanic language similar to Dutch and the southern region in Wallonie (Wallonia, where the predominant language is French), with the Capital Region of Brussels to be separate. The vote followed approval earlier in the week in the Chamber of Representatives. In Poland, Anna Walentynowicz was fired from her job as a crane operator at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk for attempting to recruit new members to the unauthorized labor union Free Coastal Trade Unions (Wolne Związki Zawodowe Wybrzeża or WZZW). The firing came seven months before Walentynowicz would have qualified for retirement on a government pension, prompting shipyard electrician Lech Walesa to call a strike on August 14, 1980. Nanyang University was closed and merged with the University of Singapore into the new National University of Singapore. From 1956 to 1980, Nanyang was Singapore's only private university to teach its curriculum in the Chinese language. The final graduation ceremonies were conducted on August 16, 1980, with 599 bachelor's degrees and four master's degrees awarded.

Mohammad Ali Rajai was nominated to be the first new Prime Minister of Iran in almost nine months, as the second choice of President Abolhassan Bani Sadr. The Islamic Republican Party had rejected Bani Sadr's original pick, the moderately conservative Mostafa Mir Salim, the director of the Iranian national police. On August 11, the Islamic Republic's new parliament, the Majlis, approved Education Minister Rajai, a hardliner who was more adamant about Islamic law. Iran had been without a prime minister since the resignation of Mehdi Bazargan on November 6. Takieddin el Solh resigned as Prime Minister of Lebanon after 20 days of trying to form a coalition government during the Lebanon Civil War. President Elias Sarkis had selected el Solh on July 20 to replace Salim Al Hoss. Died: Jacqueline Cochran, 74, woman aviator who set numerous speed and altitude records and was the first woman to fly faster than Mach 1 and Mach 2.

The Tyne and Wear Metro system, the United Kingdom's first light rail underground subway system, opened its first stage. The original line ran in northern England within the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear, from Haymarket Metro station in Newcastle upon Tyne, to Tynemouth Metro station in North Tyneside. The presidential campaign of U. S. Senator Teddy Kennedy ended at the Democratic convention after Kennedy's supporters were unable to get a change of rules to permit an "open convention", where they would be allowed to vote for the candidate of their choice on the first ballot, regardless of whom they had been committed to represent. With 1,666 votes of 3,330 necessary to change the rules, less than 1,390 were in favor and 1,936 were against the change. After Speaker of the U. S. House and convention chairman Tip O'Neill announced the result at 8:42 in the evening, Kennedy quit the race. The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issued an order banning further construction of memorials to the late Chairman Mao Zedong and called for a strict limit on the number of portraits of Mao and of inscriptions of quotes attributed to him. The gradual dismantling of the personality cult had started in the final week of July, when workers were seen removing four large portraits of Chairman Mao from the Great Hall of the People in Tienanmen Square in Beijing. Chrysler Corporation re introduced its Imperial luxury automobile brand with a 1981 model, after discontinuing its luxury line in 1975, as the first of the new "K cars" rolled off of the assembly line at Chrysler's plant in Windsor, Ontario. At a ceremony, Chrysler chairman Lee Iacocca handed the keys to the first model to singer Frank Sinatra, who endorsed the car— one of the few 8 cylinder vehicles made in North America— in TV commercials. The vehicle was priced at $19,000 in the U. S., equivalent to $58,500 in 2020. The second, smaller version of the Imperial was manufactured only for the 1981, 1982 and 1983 model years.

After a pet pig strayed into Muslim prayer services during the Eid al Fitr holiday, rioting that killed over 100 people began in the Indian city of Moradabad in Uttar Pradesh state and then spread to the cities of Srinagar, Aligarh and Bareilly. When local police refused to remove the pig, the angry worshipers responded by throwing rocks, and the police countered by firing into the crowd. U. S. President Jimmy Carter defeated Senator Edward Kennedy to win renomination at the 1980 Democratic National Convention in New York City. With all delegates required to vote for the candidate to whom they were pledged, Carter won on the first ballot, with 2,129 delegate votes, compared to 1,146 for Kennedy. Kennedy then released a statement saying that he would support Carter's election to a second term. Baseball's National League voted against adopting the designated hitter rule used in the American League, despite expectations that the rule change would be implemented. With the approval necessary of seven of the 12 NL club owners, 4 approved, 5 rejected and 3 abstained.

George Manuel Bosque, a guard for the Brink's armored car company, drove off with $1,850,000 in cash after persuading his co worker, the truck driver, to let him borrow the vehicle to pick up another individual. The cash had been flown from Honolulu by the First Hawaiian Bank and the Central Pacific Bank and was picked up at the airport before 7:00 in the morning by driver Jean Marie Jean, whom Bosque persuaded to let him use the truck to make a pickup from a messenger at another terminal of the airport. Bosque then drove the truck to the Airport Hilton hotel, where he stole a car from a maid at the hotel, then drove to Daly City, where he abandoned the vehicle at the Serramonte Shopping Center. Bosque would return to San Francisco, where he would be arrested on November 23, 1981, as he was leaving a supermarket. Sentenced to 15 years in prison, he would be paroled after less than five years and die of a drug overdose in 1991. Died: U. S. Army General William Hood Simpson, 92, Commander of the 9th U. S. Army in World War II

Fourteen of the crew on a Soviet Navy Echo class nuclear submarine, K 122, were killed by an onboard fire. The sub crew sent a distress call when the boat was 85 mile (137 km) east of Okinawa, but refused help from Japanese aircraft and a patrol boat that sped to the scene. Died: Walter E. Sachs, 96, American financier and partner in the Goldman Sachs for 52 years

The Broadway musical 42nd Street opened on Broadway. Its director, Gower Champion, died hours before opening night at the age of 61 from Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Immediately after the final curtain at the Winter Garden Theater, producer David Merrick walked on stage and told the audience, "This is tragic. Gower Champion died today." With music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Al Dubin and Johnny Mercer, 42nd Street won the Tony Award for Best Musical and went on for 3,486 performances, closing on January 8, 1989. A special commission was created by the Soviet Communist Party Politburo in Moscow to formulate the Soviet Union's response to the independent labor union movement in Poland. Referred to as the "Suslov Commission", the task force was headed by senior Communist Party ideologist Mikhail Suslov, and included future Soviet leaders Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko, Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, and Defense Minister Dmitriy Ustinov. Zimbabwe was admitted as the 153rd member of the United Nations. Independent presidential candidate and Republican U. S. Congressman John B. Anderson announced that his running mate would be a Democrat, former Wisconsin Governor Patrick J. Lucey. Microsoft released its first operating system, Xenix, similar to the Bell Labs system Unix.

The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China opened in Beijing to approve major reforms under the guidance of the Chinese Communist Party. The Szczecin Agreement was signed between the Polish government and the Szczecin Interfactory Strike Committee, as one of three historic agreements creating an independent labor union in the Communist nation of Poland.