1981 жылғы қазан айының оқиғалары

Month of 1981

The following events occurred in October 1981:

The first cellular telephone system was inaugurated. Nordic Mobile Telephone (Nordisk MobilTelephoni, NMT) set up the network in Sweden. Eighty three people were killed and more than 300 injured when a car bomb exploded outside of the Beirut headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization's intelligence center. The Front for the Liberation of Lebanon from Foreigners, which the PLO asserted was a front for Israel, claimed it carried out the attack. Gunther Guillaume, whose unmasking as an East German spy brought down the government of West German chancellor Willy Brandt in 1974, was released from prison and allowed to cross into East Germany. The first five percent of President Reagan's 25% cut of U. S. federal income taxes took effect. The next 10% would take effect July 1, 1982, and the final 10% on July 1, 1983. Led by Dr. Paul L. Schechter, astronomers at the Kitt Peak National Observatory reported the discovery of a "hole" in the universe, 300 million light years in diameter, that had only one tenth of the stars and galaxies found elsewhere. The void, described by Schechter as "exceedingly hard to understand", is beyond the constellation Boötes and encompasses one percent of the space in the known universe.

The body in Lee Harvey Oswald's grave was exhumed at the Rose Hill Cemetery in Fort Worth, Texas to determine whether the corpse was indeed Oswald's. Michael Eddowes, author of the 1977 book The Oswald File, paid the $250,000 expense for the body removal and its examination at the Baylor University Medical Center. Oswald's dental records were examined and confirmed that his was indeed the body in the grave. The examining team wrote a detailed account of the examination two years later.

Egypt's President Anwar Sadat was assassinated at Nasr City while watching the annual Armed Forces Day parade. As a squadron of jets flew overhead in formation at 12:40 p. m., a military vehicle halted in front of the reviewing stand, and six of the men jumped out, hurling stun grenades and firing machine guns. Sadat was hit by two bullets and died at a hospital two hours later. Seven other people, including two of the gunmen, were killed. The four surviving assassins, ringleader Lt. Khaledi Islambouli, Sgt. Hussein Abbas, reserve Air Force officer Atta Hemeida and shop owner Abdel Hamid Abdel Aal, as well as mastermind Mohammed Abdel Salam Farag, were executed on April 15, 1982.

Bobby Carpenter, 18, had already become the first hockey player to go directly to the NHL from a high school team. Twelve seconds into his first NHL game for the Washington Capitals, he set a record with an assist to Ryan Walter for a goal, then later scored a goal himself in the 5–3 loss to the Buffalo Sabres.

In the largest protest march in Germany since the end of World War II, at least 150,000 people gathered in Bonn, West Germany to demonstrate against the further deployment of American nuclear missiles in Europe.

The Super Chicken III, piloted by John Shoecroft and Fred Gorrell, became the first balloon to cross the United States without stopping. The 2,515 mile journey from Costa Mesa, California to Blackbeard Island in Georgia took 55 hours and 25 minutes to complete. Minnesota Vikings quarterback Tommy Kramer passes for 444 yards and 4 touchdowns as the Vikings edge the San Diego Chargers 33 31. Died: Brooks Hays, 83, former U. S. Congressman from Arkansas who was voted out of office in 1958 after taking a stand against segregation in schools

India's prime minister Indira Gandhi ordered the release of Sikh leader Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, three weeks after his arrest for the September 9 murder of publisher Jagat Narain. Bhindranwale would be killed in 1984 in the siege of the Golden Temple at Amritsar, and Gandhi would be assassinated later that year by Sikh members of her bodyguard contingent.

Pope John Paul II, spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church, met with Abuna Takla Haymanot, the patriarch of the 12,000,000 Christians of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, at Castel Gandolfo. The Ethiopian church had separated from Rome in the fifth century AD.

Greek legislative election, 1981: Andreas Papandreou was elected as the new prime minister of Greece as his Panhellenic Socialist Movement party won 174 of the 300 seats in the Hellenic Parliament, while the New Democracy Party of incumbent premier George Rallis fell to 115 seats. Stanislaw Kania was forced out as leader of Poland's ruling Communist Party, as the Central Committee of the Polish Workers Party voted 104–79 in favor of his resignation. General Wojciech Jaruzelski was confirmed as the new first secretary by a vote of 180–4. The Sultan of Oman decreed the establishment of the State Consultative Council (Majlis al Istishari lil Dawlah), with 43 members chosen by popular election. The new body did not have a legislative function, but was allowed to advise the Sultan in a form of representative democracy.

The Ninth U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that home videotaping of programs constituted copyright violation, reversing a 1979 decision. The U. S. Supreme Court reversed the appeals court's ruling on January 17, 1984.

The Iranian parliament rejected President Khameini's nominee for prime minister, Ali Akbar Velayati. The deputies voted 80–74 against Velayati, with another 38 abstaining. It was the first time in the history of the Islamic Republic of Iran that the Majlis had rejected a nominee. The North–South Summit, officially the International Meeting on Cooperation and Development, opened in Cancun, Mexico, gathering 22 heads of state, including Zhao Ziyang (China), F. Mitterrand (France), Indira Gandhi (India), Jose Lopez Portillo (Mexico), King Fahd (Saudi Arabia), Margaret Thatcher (UK), Ronald Reagan (USA), and UN Secretary General Kurt Waldheim.

Shortly after 8:00 p. m., the Soviet submarine S 363 was caught penetrating Sweden's territorial waters after running aground outside the naval base at Karlskrona. The Swedish government did not allow the vessel to leave until November 6. The first reported instance of a pilot being blinded by a laser pointed from the ground took place 700 feet over Encino, California. A 21 year old man who said he was "testing a laser for a Halloween party" aimed the beam into the cockpit of a hovering police helicopter, leaving the pilot and co pilot with total loss of vision for several seconds.