Гренада қаласының тарихы мен құқықтық күресі

Grenada (/ɡ//ɹ//ə/'/n//eɪ//d//ə/) is a city in Grenada County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 13,092 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Grenada County.

Grenada was formed in 1836, after federal removal of the Choctaw people who had previously occupied this territory. It was the result of the union of the two adjacent towns (separated by the present day Line Street) of Pittsburg and Tulahoma (or Tullahoma), founded, respectively, by Franklin Plummer and Hiram Runnels. Development included stores and businesses that supported the county court and market days. Plantations were first developed along the Yalobusha River for transportation and access to water. Cotton was the major commodity crop, dependent on the labor of African slaves. In 1851, Grenada townspeople founded the Yalobusha Baptist Female Institute for education of their young White women. In 1882, the school was taken over by the Methodists and renamed as Grenada College. In the late 1850s, Grenada was one of the places Nathan Bedford Forrest sold slaves. His brother John N. Forrest had a house on a hill in West Grenada. In 1885 two men, Perry McChristian and Felix Williams, were accused of murdering two peddlers and were lynched. During the lynching, they implicated two black men, Bartley James and John Campbell, who were then also lynched by a mob of White men.

In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. and Dick Gregory spent a week demonstrating in Grenada against discrimination and for voters' rights. During that time, town officials cooperated and protected marchers with local police. As the civil rights movement continued to press in 1966 and 1967 for voter registration and opportunities in employment, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) ran a civil rights organizing project in Grenada which lasted at least 11 months. They worked to register voters and gain concessions for hiring black Americans in local businesses and restaurants. These were still segregated, despite the federal anti segregation and voting rights laws. In August 1966, a federal judge ordered Grenada to allow black students to enroll in the previously all White schools. White leaders used threats of eviction and firing to coerce black parents to withdraw their children from school. While the intimidation caused 200 out of 450 students to withdraw, the remaining 250 students attempted to enter school on September 12, 1966. A group of White people met them at the school and chased them away, pursuing them through the streets and beating the children with chains, pipes and clubs. The group went so far as to beat reporters as well. The group repeated this for the first week of school, while local law enforcement did not intervene. Federal protection for the children began on September 17, and 13 members of the group were arrested.

The Yalobusha River flows through Grenada. Grenada Lake is located a short distance east of the city. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 30.0 square miles (78 km2), of which 30.0 square miles (78 km2) is land and 0.03% is water.

+Grenada racial compositionRaceNum. Perc. White (non Hispanic)4,79937.79%Black or African American (non Hispanic)7,29357.43%Native American80.06%Asian670.53%Other/Mixed3442.71%Hispanic or Latino1891.49%
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 12,700 people, 5,100 households, and 2,988 families residing in the city.

As of the census of 2000, there were 14,879 people, 5,701 households, and 3,870 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 6,210 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 49.28% White, 49.34% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population. There were 5,701 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 22.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.5 males. The median income for a household in the city was $25,589, and the median income for a family was $31,316. Males had a median income of $27,946 versus $21,913 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,734. About 20.3% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 27.3% of those age 65 or over.

Prior to 1966, a segregated system of schools was provided, with black children attending one set of schools and White children another. In 1966 the school system instituted a "freedom of choice" plan, which allowed black students to attend previously all White schools. White people congregated outside the schools to prevent black students from entering, and attacked young children when they left school in the afternoon. In 1966, parents established the Grenada Educational Foundation, now known as Kirk Academy, as an alternative to racially integrated education. Grenada, as well as Grenada County, is currently served by the Grenada School District.