Хоббс қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

Hobbs is a city in Lea County, New Mexico, United States. Its population was 40,508 at the 2020 census, increasing from 34,122 in 2010. Hobbs is the principal city of the Hobbs, New Mexico micropolitan statistical area, which includes all of Lea County.

Hobbs was founded in 1907 when James Isaac Hobbs (1852–1923) established a homestead and named the settlement. In 1910, the Hobbs post office opened, with James Hobbs as the first postmaster. By 1911, about 25 landowners lived in Hobbs. The small, isolated settlement expanded rapidly following the discovery of oil by the Midwest Oil Company in 1927. A refinery was built the following year, and in 1929, the town of Hobbs was officially incorporated. At the peak of this oil boom, over 12,000 people lived in Hobbs. When the Great Depression hit, oil prices dropped and the population fell to only about 3,000 in 1931. A few years later, though, activity picked up in the oilfields and the population climbed to about 14,000 in 1940. Following the outbreak of World War II, Hobbs Army Airfield was built north of town in 1942. In 1948, the city bought the air base and converted it into the Hobbs Industrial Air Park, which is still used for soaring competitions. The first college in Hobbs opened in 1956. It was initially the First Baptist College, and in 1962, it became the College of the Southwest. The name was changed again to University of the Southwest in 2008. A second college, New Mexico Junior College, opened in 1966. An ordinance was passed in Hobbs in November 2022 to prevent abortion clinics from operating.

Hobbs is in eastern Lea County, less than 4 mile (6 km) west of the Texas border. U. S. Routes 62/180 pass through the city, leading east 29 mile (47 km) to Seminole, Texas, and west 69 mile (111 km) to Carlsbad. State Road 18 also passes through Hobbs, leading northwest 21 mile (34 km) to Lovington, the Lea county seat, and south 61 mile (98 km) to Kermit, Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city of Hobbs has a total area of , of which , or 0.14%, is covered by water. Land in the city drains either east to Seminole Draw or southeast to Monument Draw, both of which are tributaries of Mustang Draw in Texas and ultimately part of the Colorado River watershed.

Hobbs, like many parts of eastern New Mexico, has a semiarid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). The city experiences hot summers and chilly winters. With around 70% of precipitation coming in the high solar half of the year, Hobbs may also be defined as a dry winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa).

+Hobbs Racial CompositionRaceNum. Perc. White11,51528.4%Black or African American2,0585.1%Native American3120.8%Asian4911.2%Pacific Islander17<0.1%Other/mixed1,0392.6%Hispanic or Latino25,07661.9%
As of the 2020 United States Census, 40,508 people, 12,028 households, and 8,572 families resided in the city.

As of 2010, 33,405 people, 10,040 households, and 7,369 families were residing in the city. The population density was The 11,968 housing units averaged 632.3 per mi2 (244.1/km). The racial makeup of the city was 63.5% White, 6.8% African American, 1.1% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 24.5% from other races, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 42.18% of the population. Of the 10,040 households, 39.8% had children under 18 living with them, 54.1% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.6% were not families. About 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.72, and the average family size was 3.22. In the city, the age distribution was 30.4% under 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $28,100, and for a family was $33,017. Males had a median income of $31,352 versus $20,841 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,209. About 20.2% of families and 24.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.3% of those under age 18 and 15.5% of those age 65 or over.

The largest industries in Hobbs are mining/quarrying and oil and gas extraction, followed by retail trade and educational services. Hobbs is also home to Zia Park, a racetrack, hotel and casino with over 750 slot machines and table games.

Located in Hobbs are the headquarters of the Soaring Society of America and Zia Park Casino, Hotel, and Racetrack, which offers live and simulcast racing, casino games, dining, and a 154 room hotel. The property is owned and operated by Penn National Gaming, Inc.

The Texas & New Mexico Railway provides freight service.

Lea County Regional Airport serves Hobbs with one commercial passenger airline flying to it.