Египеттің тарихындағы астаналар

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The current capital of Egypt is Cairo. Over the course of its history, Egypt has had many capitals. Its earliest capital was Tjenu, better known as Thinis, which may have been the capital of the hypothetical Thinite Confederacy prior to Egypt's unification. During the First, Second and Third Intermediate Periods, Egypt had multiple capitals held by rival dynasties. Thinis was Egypt's first capital following its unification in c. 3100 BCE. The country's current capital is Cairo, and this has been the case since 972. This makes Cairo Egypt's longest running capital city, having retained this status for over 1,050 years under the rule of six dynasties followed by the British protectorate of Egypt and the Republic of Egypt. Alexandria was the second longest lasting capital of Egypt, being used for the entirety of the Greco Roman period, which lasted for 973 years. Memphis was the capital of Egypt for over 700 years and was the seat of the power for the whole of the Old Kingdom period. Thebes was used as the capital for approximately 485 years, mostly during the Middle and New Kingdoms.

+NameTime PeriodRuling DynastiesRef. Tjenu (Thinis)c. 3150–2686 BCEFirst DynastySecond DynastyMen nefer (Memphis)c. 2686–2160 BCEc. 720–664 BCE525–404 BCE343–332 BCEThird DynastyFourth DynastyFifth DynastySixth DynastySeventh DynastyEighth DynastyTwenty fifth Dynasty (Kush Empire)Twenty seventh Dynasty (Achaemenid Empire)Thirty first Dynasty (Achaemenid Empire)Henen Nesut (Heracleopolis Magna)c. 2160–2040 BCENinth DynastyTenth DynastyWaset (Thebes)c. 2130–1991 BCEc. 1650–1346 BCEc. 1332–1279 BCE664–656 BCEEleventh DynastySixteenth DynastySeventeenth DynastyEighteenth DynastyNineteenth DynastyTwenty fifth Dynasty (Kush Empire)Itjtawyc. 1991–1650 BCETwelfth DynastyThirteenth DynastyAvarisc. 1725–1550 BCEFourteenth DynastyFifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)Akhetaten (Amarna)c. 1346–1332 BCEEighteenth Dynasty (Amarna Period)Pi Ramessesc. 1279–1077 BCENineteenth DynastyTwentieth DynastyTanisc. 1077–943 BCETwenty first DynastyPer Bast (Bubastis)c. 943–720 BCETwenty second DynastyLeontopolisc. 837–720 BCETwenty third DynastySaisc. 732–720 BCE664–525 BCE404–398 BCETwenty fourth DynastyTwenty sixth DynastyTwenty eighth DynastyDjedet (Mendes)398–380 BCETwenty ninth DynastySebennytos (Samannud)380–343 BCEThirtieth DynastyAlexandria332 BCE–641 CEMacedonian Egypt Ptolemaic dynastyRoman EmpirePalmyrene EmpireByzantine EmpireSasanian EmpireFustat641–750905–972Rashidun CaliphateUmayyad CaliphateAbbasid CaliphateIkhshidid DynastyFatimid CaliphateAl Askar750–868Abbasid CaliphateAl Qata'i868–905Tulunid DynastyCairo972–presentFatimid CaliphateAyyubid DynastyMamluk SultanateOttoman EmpireMuhammad Ali DynastyBritish protectorate of EgyptRepublic of Egypt