Татсфилд ауылының тарихы мен географиясы

Tatsfield is a village and civil parish in the Tandridge District of Surrey, England. It is located 3.3 miles north west of Westerham and 3.9 miles north east of Oxted, and is adjacent to the Surrey border with both Greater London and Kent.

The village itself is on the North Downs with its centre near its highest point, at an altitude of around north of the ridge of the North Downs where the North Downs Way passes through the parish. The 'village' area is in a small salient of Surrey into the London Borough of Bromley, Greater London (to the west, north and east). Biggin Hill is immediately to the north. The boundary with Kent is less than 1/2 mile to the east. Tatsfield is covered by the Westerham post town, meaning Tatsfield's postal county was Kent. Since 1996, the postal county has not been required in postal addresses.

The origin of the village name is uncertain. The English Place Name Society suggests it is derived from 'a field or open land belonging to one Tatol' (possibly a nickname meaning the lively one). The word 'field' denotes a clearing in The Weald, a main Anglo Saxon forest. An alternative explanation is that the earliest community began on the hill with church, manor house and rectory. The name could therefore derive from Totehylefelde – meaning a look out place in a clearing. The appearance of Tot hyl in a place name is a reference to a watch hill and quite possibly to the whole system of Anglo Saxon civil defence involving beacons, watch hill and army roads. Tatsfield appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Tatelefelle.

In Anglo Saxon England, Tatsfield lay within Tandridge hundred. In 1086 it was held by Anschitill (Ansketel) de Ros from the Bishop of Bayeux. Its Domesday assets were: ½ hide. It had 2 ploughs. It rendered 60 shillings (£3) to its feudal overlords per year. During the mid 14th century the manor was held by Rhodri ap Gruffudd, brother of the last native Prince of Wales, and his descendants. Thomas Retherick's heir was his son Owen, also called 'de Gales' (of Wales), who in 1366, during the war with France, left England to join the king's enemies in that country, and before going likewise released all his right in the reversion of the manor to Roger de Stanyngden and his heirs. Thus in 1392 a grant of the manor of Tatsfield, which was alleged to have been long concealed, was made by the Crown to John Maudelyn. In 1416–17 John de Stanyngden or Stalkynden conveyed his rights in the manor to John Uvedale. William Uvedale inherited on his father's death in 1616. He conveyed the manor to a later Sir John Gresham (see Gresham baronets), before passing under his nephew, Marmaduke Gresham's will. From his son and co heir, Sir Isaac Shard acquired it in 1717. 1759 Isaac Pacatus Shard wanted a sale; his heir William put it up for sale with three farms containing let at £190 a year and of wood. It was acquired via a Mr Butler by the last in the line of Greshams (see Calcotts below). The ancient manor house, called Tatsfield Court Lodge, stood near the church and was pulled down by this last Baronet, Sir John before his death in 1801, and a new house was built at the foot of the hill, near the Pilgrims' Way. The station closed in 1974 when its work was merged with that of BBC Monitoring's receiving station at Crowsley Park in South Oxfordshire. Some derelict remains of the BBC station can still be seen. On 10 December 1935 a Savoia Marchetti S.73 of Belgian airline SABENA crashed at Tatsfield, killing all eleven on board. At the time, it was Britain's worst air crash.

A number of ancient routes cross the parish. The best studied is the London to Lewes Way west of the village centre. It was constructed about 100 AD between the mentioned towns/settlements 44 mile (71 km). (Part of this Roman road forms the county boundary here, with Greater London to its east and another part of Surrey to the west.) One other trackway appears also to be of importance: this is the Biggin Hill to Titsey route, which is straight in places, and as is pointed out in the Victoria County History (1912) provides a direct connection between the Roman road at the entrance to the village and the two villa sites in Titsey Park, suggesting a possible Roman origin.

Together with wholly rural Titsey, 1,816 residents were counted in the 2001 census, distributed over 691 households.