Фосфатидилсерин: құрамы, қасиеттері және тағамдық көздері

Chemical compound

Phosphatidylserine (abbreviated Ptd L Ser or PS) is a phospholipid and is a component of the cell membrane. It plays a key role in cell cycle signaling, specifically in relation to apoptosis. It is a key pathway for viruses to enter cells via apoptotic mimicry. Its exposure on the outer surface of a membrane marks the cell for destruction via apoptosis.

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid—more specifically a glycerophospholipid—which consists of two fatty acids attached in ester linkage to the first and second carbon of glycerol and serine attached through a phosphodiester linkage to the third carbon of the glycerol. Phosphatidylserine sourced from plants differs in fatty acid composition from that sourced from animals. It is commonly found in the inner (cytoplasmic) leaflet of biological membranes. It is almost entirely found in the inner monolayer of the membrane with only less than 10% of it in the outer monolayer.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major acidic phospholipid class that accounts for 13–15% of the phospholipids in the human cerebral cortex.

The average daily phosphatidylserine intake in a Western diet is estimated to be 130mg. Phosphatidylserine may be found in meat and fish. Only small amounts are found in dairy products and vegetables, with the exception of white beans and soy lecithin. Phosphatidylserine is found in soy lecithin at about 3% of total phospholipids. Table 1. Phosphatidylserine content in different foods. FoodContent in mg/100 gSoy lecithin5,900Atlantic mackerel 480Chicken heart 414Atlantic herring 360Eel 335Offal (average value) 305Pig's spleen 239 Pig's kidney 218Tuna 194 Chicken leg, with skin, without bone 134 Chicken liver 123White beans 107Soft shell clam 87 Chicken breast, with skin 85Mullet 76Veal 72Beef 69Pork 57 Pig's liver 50Turkey leg, without skin or bone 50 Turkey breast without skin 45Crayfish 40Cuttlefish 31Atlantic cod 28Anchovy 25Whole grain barley 20 European hake 17European pilchard (sardine) 16Trout 14Rice (unpolished) 3Carrot 2Ewe's Milk 2Cow's Milk (whole, 3.5% fat) 1Potato 1

A panel of the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a cause and effect relationship cannot be established between the consumption of phosphatidylserine and "memory and cognitive functioning in the elderly", "mental health/cognitive function" and "stress reduction and enhanced memory function". According to the FDA, there is a lack of scientific agreement amongst qualified experts that a relationship exists between phosphatidylserine and cognitive function. though the mechanism remains unclear. A 2020 review of three clinical trials found that phosphatidylserine is likely effective for enhancing cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment. Some studies have suggested that whether the phosphatidylserine is plant or animal derived may have significance, with the FDA's statement applying specifically to soy derived products.

Initially, phosphatidylserine supplements were derived from bovine cortex. However, due to the risk of potential transfer of infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or "mad cow disease"), soy derived supplements became an alternative. Some manufacturers of phosphatidylserine use sunflower lecithin instead of soy lecithin as a source of raw material production.