RDFLib

Python library to serialize, parse and process RDF data

RDFLib is a Python library for working with RDF, a simple yet powerful language for representing information. This library contains parsers/serializers for almost all of the known RDF serializations, such as RDF/XML, Turtle, N Triples, & JSON LD, many of which are now supported in their updated form (e. g. Turtle 1.1). The library also contains both in memory and persistent Graph back ends for storing RDF information and numerous convenience functions for declaring graph namespaces, lodging SPARQL queries and so on. It is in continuous development with the most recent stable release, rdflib 6.1.1 having been released on 20 December 2021. It was originally created by Daniel Krech with the first release in November, 2002. A number of other Python projects use rdflib for RDF manipulation, including:

OWL RL A simple implementation of the OWL2 RL Profile (reasoning engine)
pySHACL a Python SHACL validator
pyLDAPI an add on module for the Python Flask web framework used to deliver Linked Data
pyLODE a Web Ontology Language documentation tool

RDFLib graphs support basic triple pattern matching with a triples((subject,predicate,object)) function. This function is a generator of triples that match the pattern given by the arguments. The arguments of these are RDF terms that restrict the triples that are returned. Terms that are None are treated as a wildcard. for subject, predicate, object in someGraph. triples((None, URIRef("https://schema. org/name"), None)):
print("{} has name {}". format(s, o)) # prints all the triples with the predicate being https://schema. org/name

RDFLIb supports a majority of the current SPARQL 1.1 specification and includes a harness for the publicly available RDF DAWG test suite. Support for SPARQL is provided by two methods:
rdflib. graph. query used to pose SPARQL SELECT or ASK queries to a graph (or Store of Graphs)
rdflib. graph. update used to change graph content or return RDF using INSERT, DELETE and CONSTRUCT SPARQL statements

RDFLib graphs support an additional extension of RDF semantics for formulae. For the academically inclined, Graham Klyne's 'formal' extension (see external links) is probably a good read. Formulae are represented formally by the 'QuotedGraph' class and disjoint from regular RDF graphs in that their statements are quoted.

There are a few high level APIs that extend RDFLib graphs into other Pythonic idioms. For more a more explicit Python binding, there are Sparta, SuRF & FunOWL.