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Developing programs for computer systemsSystems programming, or system programming, is the activity of programming

Systems programming requires a great degree of hardware awareness. Its goal is to achieve efficient use of available resources, either because the software itself is performance critical or because even small efficiency improvements directly transform into significant savings of time or money.

Originally systems programmers invariably wrote in assembly language. Experiments with hardware support in high level languages in the late 1960s led to such languages as PL/S, BLISS, BCPL, and extended ALGOL for Burroughs large systems. Forth also has applications as a systems language. In the 1970s, C became widespread, aided by the growth of Unix. More recently a subset of C++ called Embedded C++ has seen some use, for instance it is used in the I/O Kit drivers of macOS. Engineers working at Google created Go in 2007 to address developer productivity in large distributed systems, with developer focused features such as Concurrency, Garbage Collection, and faster program compilation than C and C++. In 2015 Rust came out, a general purpose programming language often used in systems programming. Rust was designed with memory safety in mind and to be as performant as C and C++.

For historical reasons, some organizations use the term systems programmer to describe a job function which would be more accurately termed systems administrator. This is particularly true in organizations whose computer resources have historically been dominated by mainframes, although the term is even used to describe job functions which do not involve mainframes. This usage arose because administration of IBM mainframes often involved the writing of custom assembler code (IBM's Basic Assembly Language (BAL)), which integrated with the operating system such as OS/MVS, DOS/VSE or VM/CMS. Indeed, some IBM software products had substantial code contributions from customer programming staff. This type of programming is progressively less common, and increasingly done in C rather than Assembly, but the term systems programmer is still used as the de facto job title for staff administering IBM mainframes even in cases where they do not regularly engage in systems programming activities.