Университет Лома-Линда: История и развитие медицинского образования.

Private university in Loma Linda, California

Loma Linda University (LLU) is a private Seventh day Adventist health sciences university in Loma Linda, California. , the university comprises eight schools
and a Faculty of Graduate Studies. It is a part of the Seventh day Adventist education system. The university is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission (WSCUC). Its on campus church has around 7,000 members.

Loma Linda University had its beginning in 1905 when Seventh day Adventists John Burden and Ellen G. White founded what became known as the Loma Linda Sanitarium. In February 1906, a council of church workers met at Loma Linda. It consisted of the faculty of Fernando Academy, the faculty of the Loma Linda school, and the executive committee of the Southern California Conference. In 1906, The Loma Linda College of Evangelists was established. Courses included:
Religion: Bible Evangelism, Acts and Epistles, Missionary Methods, and Doctrines and Prophecies. General: History, Languages, Mathematics, English, Music, Piano and Organ. Industrial: Science of Gardening, Practical Gardening, Electrical Mechanics, Carpentry, Cookery, Accounting, Sewing. Nursing/Medical: Chemistry and Anatomy, Children's Diseases, Physiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Hydrotherapy, Practical Nursing and Hydrotherapy. The 1910 Seventh day Adventist Yearbook enters the school as 'Loma Linda College'. It adds the legal title, 'College of Medical Evangelists of Loma Linda' (CME) and notes that the school was chartered as a Medical College in 1909.

From 1913 to 1962, the university taught basic sciences in Loma Linda, but sent its students to Los Angeles for clinical experience. Ellen White promoted rural settings for Adventist schools, but to train medical students, the school needed clinical experience. Loma Linda Sanitarium did not have such a clinic. The American Medical Association would not recognize the medical college if it did not provide adequate clinical experience for its students. In 1905, the American Medical Association formed a national Council on Medical Education. Dr. Nathan Porter Colwell (1870–1936) became its first secretary the next year. In reaction, Adventists leaders interested in developing the medical school met with Dr. Colwell. He visited the campus and gave counsel on how to proceed. E. E. Andross, president of the Pacific Union Conference of Seventh day Adventists and chairman of the board for the College of Medical Evangelists, reported on a special meeting of the constituency of the college convened at Loma Linda, January 27, 1913. A large number of General Conference men were in California at time. Andross called this meeting in order to benefit from their counsel. In his report, he wrote that a medical hospital and dispensary was needed to address accreditation requirements for the future medical education at the institution. On September 29, 1913, the College of Medical Evangelists opened the First Street Dispensary in the heart of Los Angeles.

The United States federal government exempted medical students from the military draft. But they would only recognize 'A' and 'B' rated medical schools. The College of Medical Evangelists only had a 'C' rating. California state authorities supported a higher rating, and after a nationwide effort, Percy T. Magan and colleagues persuaded Dr. Colwell to visit the school and determine whether a 'B' rating could be given. After the AMA's visit, the rating was upgraded to 'B'. Medical students who had already left for their military duties returned to finish their medical training. Margaret Rossiter White, Historical Records Librarian at Loma Linda, wrote at the time that it was a tremendous victory for Loma Linda.

On November 16, 1922, Dr. Colwell reported that the Council on Medical Education had granted an 'A' rating to the College of Medical Evangelists. The medical world, under the leadership of the American Medical Association was quickly developing standards for medical education and for the quality of hospitals. The requirements for accreditation developed as well. The July 12, 1923 Review and Herald presented the addresses given at the Educational Convention held at Colorado Springs from June 5–19, 1923. In an article entitled 'Separation from the World in Education', W. E. Howell, former president of the Loma Linda College of Evangelists (1906) expressed concern for where dependence on accreditation would lead Adventist schools. During World War II, the CME sponsored the 47th General Hospital.

In 1961, college leaders voted to convert the institution to a university and renamed the institution after the city. All its science and clinical faculties were consolidated within the city of Loma Linda by 1962. On July 9, 1967, the university opened the Loma Linda University Medical Center with more than 125 patients from the old community hospital. The university also operated the Seventh day Adventist liberal arts college in Riverside from 1967 to 1990, which is now known as La Sierra University. In 1980, the state designated LLU the only Level I trauma center in San Bernardino, Riverside, Inyo and Mono counties, which comprise more than a fourth of the state's land mass. About 1,600 emergency helicopters land there each year.

The special relationship between Loma Linda University and Representative Jerry Lewis, R – San Bernardino, first came to light in a Pulitzer Award winning expose written by Jerry Kammer. Lewis has lent significant help in funding important school operations. From 1998 to 2003, Loma Linda has received $167.2 million in federal funds, the number one academic recipient in the country receiving nearly $60 million more than the runner up, the University of South Florida. In 2000, it was the single largest recipient of higher education grants at $36 million. Several grants were from the Department of Defense, plus $5 million from NASA for space radiation research. Critics point out that the brother of Lewis is employed by Loma Linda University. In 2008, Loma Linda University received nearly $9.5 million of which $5 million came from the Department of Defense.

The Loma Linda University School of Public Health was founded in 1967. The school is an accredited member of the Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH). The School of Public Health offers a Master of Science (MS), Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Public Health (MPH), Doctor of Public Health (DrPH), and certificates.

Loma Linda University is not ranked in the 2022 version of the U. S. News & World Report Best Colleges Ranking but its nursing program is tied for 76th. It was listed as the 994th best university in the world and the 213th best university in the United States by the Center for World University Rankings in their 2018 2019 rankings.

Name Class of Notability Ref. T. R. M. Howard, M. D. 1935 Nationally known civil rights leader, entrepreneur, mentor to Medgar Evers, key figure in the investigation of the lynching of Emmett Till, president of the National Medical Association and chief surgeon of the Taborian Hospital of Mound Bayou, MississippiCity Hospital, Number Two, in St. Louis, Missouri Frank Jobe, M. D. 1956 A world renowned Orthopedic Surgeon and Professor of Orthopedics at the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Orthopaedic Consultant for the Los Angeles Dodgers baseball team, PGA Tour & Senior PGA Tour,
Los Angeles Lakers basketball team, Los Angeles Kings hockey team, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim baseball teamOrthopaedic Surgery, Los Angeles County Hospital in Los Angeles, CaliforniaElisabeth Larsson1931Obstetrician/gynecologist and pioneering member of the Medical Women's International AssociationBiographical Dictionary of Women in Science: Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid Twentieth Century (Taylor and Francis, 2000) Cynara L. Coomer, M. D. 1996 Chief of Breast Surgery and Director of the Comprehensive Breast Center at Staten Island University Hospital and a Fox News medical contributor. SUNY Downstate Health Sciences Medical Center

Name Class of Notability Ref. Heather Knight 1984 President of Pacific Union CollegeJerry Yang 19?? Poker player and winner of the 2007 World Series of Poker Main EventEdmund Jaeger 191x Renowned naturalist and author. (Attended Loma Linda College of Medical Evangelists years 1911–12 and 1912–13. )Brian Brock 1996 Theologian of disability. (Graduated with an MA in Biomedical and Clinical Ethics)